Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an unselected series of 49 children with Wilms' tumour treated in 1969-74 the 5-year relapse-free survival and survival rates were 78% and 81%, respectively, whereas in the series of children treated in 1963-68 the corresponding rates were 49% and 70%. The significant improvement in the relapse-free survival rate was a result of adjuvant treatment with actinomycin D and vincristine (AMD + VCR), which, in some patients, eradicated occult metastatic disease. In the treatment of lung metastases the combination of whole-lung irradiation and maintained chemotherapy with AMD + VCR proved excessively toxic: in 5 of 11 patients acute diffuse pneumonitis developed, and it was fatal in 3. Adjuvant AMD + VCR therapy is advocated in all patients with Wilms' tumour except children less than 12 months old with a tumour of moderate size, limited to the kidney and completely resectable.
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PMID:Wilms' tumour: adjuvant treatment with actinomycin D and vincristine. 17 90

In May, 1989, a-54-year old man was admitted complaining of sore throat and tumor of the neck which had persisted for 2 months. Mid-pharyngeal tumor was diagnosed as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (stage, T3N2M0) and the patient was treated with radiation (Co 65Gy) from May 30 to July 24 and chemotherapy (UFT), which therapies were effective. On Aug. 16, sudden onset of consciousness disturbance and hemiparesis was revealed, and MRI showed small cerebral infarction. He died on Oct. 23, of pneumonia. Pathological diagnosis revealed a case of carcinoma of the mid-pharynx with wide-spread tumor embolism. Multiple cerebral and myocardial infarctions, thrombus in pulmonary arteries and congestion of kidneys with tumor emboli, due to "disseminated intravascular carcinomatosis" were noticed. A direct cause of death was dyspnea due to multiple lung metastases, pneumonia and tumor embolism in the pulmonary and coronary arteries.
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PMID:[Multiple cerebral infarction by blood-borne tumor emboli in carcinoma of the mid-pharynx: an autopsy case]. 140 67

An increase in initial chemotherapy intensity was evaluated in 29 patients with high risk metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) of the testis, defined by the presence of multiple large lung metastases, liver, bone or brain metastases, or the combination of large abdominal mass with high serum concentration of the tumour markers alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) or beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) (AFP greater than 500 ku/l or HCG greater than 1000 iu/l). Four courses of bleomycin, vincristine and cisplatin (BOP) were given at 7 day intervals, followed by three courses of etoposide, cisplatin with or without bleomycin (BEP or EP) at 21 day intervals for a total of 13 weeks of chemotherapy. Twenty-three (85%) of 27 evaluable patients have remained continuously free from disease progression at a median of 24 months (range 14-38 months) from chemotherapy and the actuarial 2 year freedom from progression rate is 86% (95% CI = 73-99%). Three patients died from non-malignant causes, two of bleomycin pneumonitis and one from complications of cystic fibrosis. Thus cause specific overall survival in the total population of treated patients is 79%. With appropriate limitation of bleomycin dosage, this approach is well tolerated and results compare favourably with less intensive induction schedules based on initial 21-28 day cycles.
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PMID:Intensive induction chemotherapy for poor risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. 246 6

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) release by alveolar macrophages (AMs) from 29 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma, lung metastases, acute pneumonitis, and chronic infection was evaluated in response to a standard stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results were compared to those of AMs from normal smokers or nonsmokers (volunteers). AMs derived from healthy smokers secreted significantly more IL-1 than AMs from nonsmokers. In contrast, AMs from smokers affected with primary lung cancer have lost their capacity of secreting high levels of IL-1, whereas IL-1 secretion was high in nonsmokers with hematogenous metastases. AMs release high IL-1 levels in patients with acute bacterial infections. A significant correlation exists between numbers of AMs and IL-1 levels in normal individuals, a relationship which disappears in patients. These observations suggest that AMs in inflammatory lung disease, even discrete, have an increased capacity to secrete IL-1 on stimulation with LPS. They also suggest that an intrinsic dysfunction of AMs may accompany primary bronchogenic carcinoma. The influence of tobacco in modifying the functions of AMs is stressed.
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PMID:Interleukin-1 secretion by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Relationships to cell numbers--influence of smoking habits. 281 73

After a primary operation for bronchogenic carcinoma, eight out of 253 patients (3.2%) underwent reoperation for local recurrence or intrathoracic metastasis. The histology was well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in all cases. The average interval between the first and second operation was 34 months (range: six to 63 months). There were three local recurrences, two lung metastases and one mediastinal lymph node metastasis (#3a) ipsilaterally two lung metastases contralaterally. Completion pneumonectomy was underwent in one, wedge or segmental resection in five and excision of lymph node in one case after an initial ipsilateral lobectomy. Two patients underwent contralateral wedge or segmental resection after initial lobectomy. Four of eight patients died of brain, liver, or bone metastases after reoperation, the time of survival averaging 63 months. Two patients died of pneumonia, the time survival averaging 92 months. Two patients are still alive, one in 52 months and another in 20 months after reoperation.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study on reported case for bronchogenic carcinoma]. 786 31

Videoendoscopic lobectomies or pneumonectomies are infrequently performed, mostly because of technical difficulties, concern for intraoperative accidents, and radicality in case of malignancy. The work diffusely describes technical details and a personal experience of videothoracoscopic major pulmonary resections (MPRs). All patients are first explored thoracoscopically. The procedure can then be completed thoracoscopically or converted. Videothoracoscopic exploration was performed in 211 candidates to MPR. Six patients' cases became nonresectable owing to pleural carcinomatosis or mediastinal infiltration, 171 patients completed a thoracoscopic MPR (165 lobectomies and 6 pneumonectomies), and 34 required conversion for technical (20) or oncological (10) reasons. Video MPRs were performed for benign disease (24), for lung metastases (5) and for preoperatively staged T1N0 or T2N0 primary lung cancer (142). No perioperative mortality was recorded. In 154 patients (90%), postoperative course was uneventful. One patient died after 33 days because of contralateral pneumonia; 15 elderly patients had prolonged air leaks. One patient developed partial dehiscence of the bronchial stump (healed conservatively) after a severe respiratory insufficiency on his third postoperative day had required mechanical ventilation. Even though video MPR can present remarkable difficulties, its undeniable advantages will benefit from further improvement of instrumentation. In case of tumors, larger series and longer follow-up will allow evaluation of long-term survival and local recurrence.
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PMID:Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) major pulmonary resections: the Italian experience. 980 Dec 53

Pulmonary metastases from choriocarcinoma can very rarely give rise to a 'miliary' pattern on the chest X-ray. A 23-year-old woman with a diffuse nodular pattern on chest X-ray died due to acute respiratory failure and cor pulmonale. At autopsy, choriocarcinoma of the uterus was found. In the lungs, multiple macrovascular tumour emboli within branches of pulmonary muscular arteries in the region of segmental/subsegmental bronchi were detected. There was no evidence of pulmonary parenchymal metastases, pneumonia or tuberculosis. The 'miliary' pattern of pulmonary metastases described in cases of choriocarcinoma may be due to large vessel intra-arterial tumour emboli rather than disseminated parenchymal metastases.
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PMID:A case of pulmonary tumour embolism mimicking miliary tuberculosis. 1102 95

From January 1987 to December 1993, Stage I (T1N0M0) breast cancers were treated by quadrantectomy with axillary lymph node dissection plus radiation therapy (QUART) in 57 cases and by modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in 57 cases. The results for these two treatment groups were compared retrospectively. Booster irradiation of 10 Gy to the tumor bed was given to 1 of 5 cases with a positive resection margin. The remaining 56 cases received 50 Gy lineac X-ray to the ipsilateral breast. Systemic adjuvant therapy, tamoxifen and /or 5-FU derivatives p.o., were given to the majority of cases in both groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the patient background; ie, age, tumor size, pathological node status, histology and estrogen receptor status. During the follow-up period of 12 to 89 months (median 55 months) in the QUART group, no local recurrence was observed and only 1 case of bone metastasis occurred. In the MRM group, recurrence occurred in 4 cases during the follow-up period of 12 to 95 months (median 52 months). These consisted of 2 cases of regional lymph node recurrence and 2 cases of lung metastases. The differences in the disease-free survival rate and the overall survival rate between the two groups were not significant. In the QUART group, mild radiation pneumonitis and mild telangiectasia in the breast skin were observed in 2 cases(3.5%) and 1 case, respectively. Mild arm edema was observed in 4 cases (7%) in each group. These results demonstrated that QUART was as effective as MRM in treating T1M0M0 breast carcinoma in Japanese women.
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PMID:Comparison of Modified Radical Mastectomy with Quadrantectomy, Axillary Dissection, and Radiation Therapy in Early Breast Cancer in Japaness Women. 1109 36

Up to now the role of lung imaging in routine diagnostic work-up of pulmonary diseases has remained rather limited. However, the well-known technical problems of lung MRI (low spatial resolution, motion artifacts, low signal-to-noise ratio of the lung parenchyma) have been reduced by recent technical advances, thus leading to a significantly improved image quality in MRI of the lungs. Compared to helical CT good results have been demonstrated using a cardiac and respiratory triggered T2 weighted turbo spin echo sequence which should be included in every imaging protocol. Recent studies have proven that MRI is comparable or even better than the gold-standard helical CT regarding the staging of bronchogenic cancer and follow-up examinations of pneumonia and lung metastases. For other indications like the assessment of pulmonary nodules and the early diagnosis of pneumonia MRI has shown promising results; however these results need to be confirmed in larger patient groups. In patients with chronic infiltrative lung disease, CT scanning remains the superior imaging modality due to the inferior spatial resolution of MRI. In conclusion MRI is a reliable alternative imaging method to helical CT for many indications; in some cases it may be a promising additional examination method.
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PMID:[MRI of the lung parenchyma]. 1129 54

Not unlike thermoablation of liver metastases, thermoablation of metastases to the lungs is gaining clinical interest. Radiofrequency ablation and laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy are both used clinically. Initially it was suspected that percutaneous treatment of lung metastases would result in a rate of pneumothoraces and tissue reactions which would not be clinically acceptable. However, this did not prove true. Fear of pneumothoraces however did lead to the desire for an applicator with a maximally reduced diameter. While clinical results are not yet available, technical success rates of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy of lung metastases are promising. The percentage of pneumothoraces does not differ significantly from that seen in diagnostic procedures. Large metastases may be treated by simultaneous use of multiple applicators or by repositioning of an applicator (pullback technique). Surgical experience is still guiding us in deciding which primaries' metastases may be successfully treated percutaneously. The literature indicates that lung metastases from colorectal primaries are especially suited. Radiotherapy is only an alternative method in cases of lung metastases if they cause symptoms (such as pain because of thorax infiltration or difficulty in breathing because of bronchial lesion). Due to the risk of radiation-induced pneumonia general radiotherapy is not to be recommended. The possibility of stereotactic ray treatment is being considered, but because breathing shifts the metastases it is not yet feasible. Therefore, percutaneous thermoablation could be used as a minimally invasive, rather riskless therapeutic option for a relatively high percentage of inoperable lung metastases.
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PMID:[Percutaneous thermoablation of lung metastases. Indication, performance, initial results, and imaging findings]. 1508 68


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