Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previously unrecognized autosomal dominant syndrome affecting oral, nasal, vaginal, urethral, anal, bladder, and conjunctival mucosa with cataracts, follicular keratosis, nonscarring alopecia, and terminal lung disease is described in a four-generation kindred of German extraction. Severe photophobia, tearing, and nystagmus in infancy heralds the development of keratitis, corneal vascularization, and lens cataracts. Repeated corneal transplants have failed. Red, periorificial mucosal lesions involving the above structures are noted by 1 year of age and may persist throughout life. Chronic rhinorrhea and repeated upper respiratory infections frequently progress to bilateral pneumonia accompanied by loss of hair, diarrhea, occasional melena, enuresis, pyuria, and hematuria. Spontaneous pneumothorax is frequent, terminating in fibrocystic-type lung disease and cor pulmonale. Women have had repeated abnormal vaginal PAP smears. Histologically the mucosal epithelium shows dyshesion, thinning of the epithelial layer, and dyskeratosis. Mucosal PAP smears show lack of epithelial maturation, cytoplasmic vacuoles and inclusions, and individual cell dyskeratosis. Histochemically there is a lack of cornification and keratinization. Ultrastructural studies show lack of keratohyalin granules, a paucity of desmosomes, intercellular accumulations, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and formation of bands and aggregates of filamentous fibers and structures in the cytoplasm resembling desmosomes and gap junctions. The condition is probably a panepithelial cell defect of desmosomal and gap junction structure most prominently affecting mucosal epithelia associated with an increased susceptibility to a variety of adventitious organisms.
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PMID:Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: a disease apparently of desmosome and gap junction formation. 48 50

Spontaneous pneumothorax can be a complication of several pulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis and interstitial pulmonary disease. Nevertheless, it is a rare complication of any pneumonia, there is no description of necrosis or abscess caused by Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia. We present a case of spontaneous pneumothorax (which was not resolved), being a reason for admission, of a patient with AIDS who developed Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia during the stay in hospital. We think that spontaneous pneumothorax can register bad evolution in patients with AIDS and pulmonary symptoms.
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PMID:[Pneumothorax, Pneumocystis carinii, and AIDS]. 210 85

A retrospective review of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease or other malignant lymphomas between 1953 and 1988 revealed 10 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Nine had Hodgkin's disease whereas one had diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Ages of the 10 patients ranged from 11 to 54 years, although nine were less than 30-years old. Spontaneous pneumothorax was observed only in patients who had received mantle or mini-mantle radiation therapy (RT). Five patients had concurrent severe parenchymal pulmonary disease including chemotherapy-induced interstitial fibrosis, Varicella pneumonia and severe radiation pneumonitis. Pneumothorax in these patients tended to be severe, bilateral and/or recurrent. All five required chest tube placement. Three of the five also required thoracotomy. RT dose ranged from 3000-7500 cGy, exceeding 4700 cGy in three patients who required a second course of RT which included the involved lung apex. In comparison, the five who did not have concurrent severe lung disease had milder episodes of pneumothorax. Only one required chest tube placement, whereas none required thoracotomy. Pulmonary apex RT dose ranged from 3672-4257 cGy. For Hodgkin's disease patients treated by RT, the frequency of spontaneous pneumothorax in the absence of concurrent pulmonary disease was 2.2%. Limiting analysis to patients in the peak age population of 10-30 years raised the frequency to 3.0%. No RT dose-response effect could be demonstrated, although spontaneous pneumothorax was not observed in patients who received less than 3000 cGy. Spontaneous pneumothorax was not more frequent among patients who also received chemotherapy as compared to those treated only by RT. Exploratory thoracotomy in three cases with severe pulmonary disease revealed subpleural apical blebs and/or dense pleural fibrosis. Unusual aspects in the medical histories of other cases suggest the possibility that patients who develop pneumothorax may have unusually dense pulmonary and/or pleural fibrosis compared to the majority of patients who receive RT for Hodgkin's disease or other malignant lymphomas.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax in patients irradiated for Hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas. 229 22

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a serious though infrequently reported pulmonary complication of AIDS. An unsuspected lung collapse was discovered via gallium scintigraphy for the study of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Neither the pneumonia nor the pneumothorax were apparent on the most recent chest roentgenogram. In evaluating gallium images during the work-up of AIDS patients with associated pulmonary pathology, the possible complication of lung collapse should be considered. If pneumothorax is suspected on gallium imaging, a chest roentgenogram in expiration must be obtained for prompt delineation of this serious, yet correctable, condition.
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PMID:Scintigraphic pattern of pneumothorax complicating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. 239 Aug 22

The chest and abdominal radiographs of 35 patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were reviewed. The radiological appearances of cytomegalovirus pneumonia varied widely with no pattern sufficiently characteristic to allow early differentiation of CMV from other infective agents. Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum were seen frequently in association with advanced CMV pneumonia. Abdominal abnormalities included bowel wall thickening, dilated bowel loops and pneumatosis intestinalis.
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PMID:Radiological appearances of cytomegalovirus infections. 255 61

Spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported with increasing frequency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In the past year, we treated 4 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. All of them were treated with closed tube thoracostomy, and 1 patient with bilateral apical cysts eventually required bilateral thoracotomies and pleurectomies. Only 1 patient had an uncomplicated hospital course. The remaining patients had prolonged air leaks, and 2 had synchronous pneumothoraces. Pneumothorax appears to be associated with P. carinii pneumonia. We recommend closed tube thoracostomy as the initial treatment in symptomatic patients. Pleurectomy for air leaks persisting longer than seven days can be safely performed in patients fit for thoractomy.
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PMID:Surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 845 63

Data from 303 patients with 389 admissions for spontaneous pneumothorax from 1970 to 1980 at Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway, were reviewed. Spontaneous pneumothorax carried a significantly higher complication and mortality rate in patients suffering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their higher median age compared to non-COPD patients contributed to this, but did not account for the increased mortality. The risk of developing wound infection and/or pneumonia was significantly higher after 7 days of chest tube treatment in both patient groups, independent of age. There was no association between recurrence rate and COPD/non-COPD, age or duration of chest tube treatment (1-7 days, 8 days or more). Complications were not more frequent after thoracotomies performed in COPD patients. Therefore operative treatment for both primary and COPD-related spontaneous pneumothorax should be considered if tube treatment is not successful after 1 week and there are no contraindications.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: complications, treatment and recurrences. 344 60

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare complication of pneumonia. Three cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are described. Two patients had bronchopleural fistulas. Local subpleural necrosis was felt to be the cause of the pneumothorax. Pneumothorax should be considered in patients with P carinii pneumonia who experience respiratory deterioration.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax. A report of three cases. 348 85

Spontaneous pneumothorax (PNO) is usually due to rupture of a small subpleural bleb into the pleural cavity and affects mainly young men. After simple drainage, recurrence occurs in about 50% of cases. The risk of recurrence increases after each new PNO. Secondary PNO complicates an underlying pulmonary disease, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with emphysema. A new form of secondary PNO has emerged in the recent years in AIDS patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We have shifted to a thoracoscopic therapy of PNO since May 1991. 25 PNO in 24 patients (1 bilateral) have been treated since that time up to April 1993. 19 PNO were primary, whereas 6 were secondary, included 3 iatrogenic PNO. Resection of the leaking parenchymal area was performed in 20 patients, and parietal partial pleurectomy was done in 20 cases. In the remaining cases, fibrin glue was applied on the lesion and in 3 cases, chemical pleurodesis was attempted using silver nitrate or talc. 1 AIDS patient died of ARDS. 3 patients had recurrent PNO and had thoracotomy without complication. 21 patients did well. Partial PNO recurred in one of them 4 months later, and was treated by simple needle aspiration. Thoracoscopy is a useful method to treat recurrent or persistent spontaneous PNO. After only 25 cases, our success rate in primary PNO is 90%. There should be a learning curve. On the basis of our experience, we believe that recognition of the lesion and its resection as well as apical parietal pleurectomy are necessary to obtain good results and a low recurrence rate.
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PMID:[Thoracoscopic treatment of recurrent pneumothorax]. 803 19

Spontaneous pneumothorax in HIV infected patients are mostly due to a sub-pleural necrotizing pneumonitis most often related to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. From our experience of nine patients and a review of the literature, we describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic management and confirm the frequent failure of simple chest tube drainage and the high morbidity and mortality rate despite treatment. An aggressive stepped-care management of thoracoscopic talc poudrage as initial therapy should be evaluated.
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PMID:[Clinical and therapeutic aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax in human immunodeficiency virus infection: 9 cases]. 936 34


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