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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 39-year-old man with a history of repeated attacks of acute bronchitis and pneumonia since childhood was admitted complaining of cough, sputum, and a high fever. A diagnosis of Kartagener's syndrome was made because of the presence of mirror-image dextrocardia with complete situs inversus, bronchiectasis in right B6 and B10, and chronic sinusitis. Examination of the ciliary ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium showed defective inner dynein arms and impaired nasal clearance was suggested by the saccharin particle method. Contrast venography of great veins revealed a McCotter type II bilateral superior vena cava and an absent inferior vena cava with (hemi-) azygos continuation. A search to find a similar case in the literature failed. Abnormal ciliary movement from the embryonic period was implicated as a causative factor in Kartagener's triad and the morphological abnormalities of the great veins.
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PMID:[A case of Kartagener's syndrome with bilateral superior vena cava and absent inferior vena cava]. 186 4

Primary ciliary dyskinesia represents a group of heritable disorders of cilia and sperm affecting between 1 in 15,000 and 1 in 30,000 persons. Those affected lack measurable mucociliary clearance and suffer the constant misery of rhinorrhea and chronic productive cough. Because mucociliary clearance constitutes one of the respiratory system's major lines of defense, these patients are vulnerable to chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and otitis media. Left untreated, these problems may progress to bronchiectasis, found frequently in adult patients, or pulmonary hypertension with eventual cor pulmonale. Screening for this disorder includes some simple and inexpensive methods as well as more exotic techniques requiring special camera equipment and an electron microscope to make a definitive diagnosis. Physiotherapy techniques can be taught to patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and go a long way toward making up for the lack of mucociliary clearance. Vigorous bronchopulmonary toilet and palliative measures may enable these patients to enjoy relatively normal lives.
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PMID:Primary ciliary dyskinesia. 194 76

To test whether neutrophils infiltrate and degranulate in areas of chronic respiratory allergic inflammation, we developed an indirect immunofluorescence technique to localize neutrophil elastase in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The affinity-purified antielastase stained only neutrophils on peripheral blood buffy coat smears, and in lung tissue from patients with pneumonia. We examined tissue specimens from four patients with fatal asthma, 10 patients with chronic sinusitis, and 10 patients with nasal polyposis for the presence of elastase, as well as eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Neutrophil infiltration and extracellular elastase deposition in association with damage to respiratory epithelium were generally sparse in most specimens; the exceptions were one patient with asthma, one patient with chronic sinusitis, and two patients with nasal polyposis. In contrast, eosinophil infiltration and extracellular MBP deposition were generally marked in most specimens; the exceptions were one patient with asthma and one patient with nasal polyps where extracellular MBP deposition did not coincide with damage to respiratory epithelium. The results suggest that the neutrophil does not usually infiltrate tissues showing allergic inflammation; however, on occasion, it may participate in these inflammatory reactions.
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PMID:The neutrophil and chronic allergic inflammation. Immunochemical localization of neutrophil elastase. 217 30

Bronchiectasis has come to be considered as a type of sinobronchial syndrome in Japan, but there exist some cases without chronic sinusitis. We studied the clinical features of 14 cases of bronchiectasis with definitely normal paranasal sinus roentgenogram, diagnosed during the past ten years. There were eleven middle-aged women and three men. Ten patients (71%) complained of hemoptysis, one (7%) of dry cough, one (7%) of productive cough, and the two (14%) had no complaint. In seven patients (50%) CT and bronchography showed localized cylindrical bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe and/or left upper lobe lingular division. They were considered to be middle lobe lingular syndrome. Three patients (22%) with localized varicose or cystic bronchiectasis had a history of pneumonia or pertussis in their infancy, so their bronchiectasis were considered secondary to infantile bronchopulmonary disease. Two patients (14%) had diffuse cystic bronchiectasis and were almost asymptomatic. They might be cases congenital bronchiectasis or Williams-Campbell syndrome. Pulmonary function tests were normal in most of the cases and sputum culture revealed no cases of persistent bacterial infection. These clinical features are quite different from those of bronchiectasis reported as sinobronchial syndrome, in which chronic productive cough, poor pulmonary function, persistent bacterial infection, etc. are significant. So we conclude that there are two distinct groups in bronchiectasis.
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PMID:[Bronchiectasis with normal paranasal sinus roentgenogram]. 221 98

A retrospective study of 44 patients who were involved in combination with chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis provided better understanding of the etiology in the relationship between upper air ways tract and lower air way tract. The incidence of bronchictasis was found in 5%, 3 out of 60 cases with chronic sinusitis and that of chronic sinusitis in 45%, 44 out of 98 cases with idiopathic bronchiectasis. Both side involvements of the paranasal sinus and the lung were statistically high in sinobronchiectasis compared to chronic sinusitis or bronchiectasis involved alone. The past history of the patients with sinobronchiectasis showed high occurrence of bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis, habitual angina of the throat, acute otitis media and pneumonia. A chest X. Ray evaluation of 70 patients with chronic sinusitis alone revealed relatively high incidence of abnormal fibro-nodular shadow in the lung compared to 70 patients without chronic sinusitis. It was thought that weakness of air-way tract to infection in the patients with sinobronchiectasis might play some role on break down of sino-bronchial syndrome, a combination disease of chronic sinusitis and chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:[Correlation between upper airway tract and lower airway tract in the break down of sinobronchiectasis]. 229 49

With the aid of a questionnaire form we have gathered information about the clinical picture of patients suffering from primary ciliary dyskinesia. The study group numbered 34 persons, whose diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. Chronic cough and common cold symptoms are present from shortly after birth. Twenty-three respondents reported respiratory tract problems in the neonatal period. The dysfunctional cilia result in chronic respiratory tract infections (chronic bronchitis; bronchiectasis; pneumonia; chronic sinusitis, rhinitis or otitis media). These lead to the following complaints: frequent blowing of the nose (in 32 pat.; 94%), chronic productive cough (in 28 pat.; 82%), chronic common cold (in 26 pat.; 77%), hearing problems (in 24 pat.; 71%), shortness of breath (in 23 pat.; 68%), frequent headache (in 13 pat.; 38%) and sore throat (in 9 pat.; 27%). In order to prevent the invalidating consequences of this disorder appropriate steps should be taken as soon as possible. These should include physiotherapy and adequate antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[Primary ciliary dyskinesia; a questionnaire study of the clinical aspects]. 258 63

Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in a thirteen-year-old boy with immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) is reported. He had frequent upper respiratory tract infections, chronic sinusitis and pneumonia during in childhood. Bronchiectasis was demonstrated by bronchography. The diagnosis of ICS was confirmed by the lack of dynein arms of cila in the nasal mucosa with electronmicroscopy. In 1987, he complained of headache and vomiting and a space occupied mass lesion in the left frontoparietal lobe was found by head CT scan, which was subtotally resected. Histological studies showed large cell type non-Hodgikin lymphoma of B-cell phenotype. He received radiotherapy (41Gy) to the whole brain and systemic chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, L-asparaginase and intrathecal methotrexate, and the patient maintained complete remission for eight months. However, relapse occurred and the patient died twelve months after the initiation of treatment.
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PMID:[Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in a boy with immotile cilia syndrome]. 276 80

A 46-year-old man with pyoderma gangrenosum and IgA gammopathy is described. This patient had no other identifiable associated systemic disease. His condition was unresponsive to oral corticosteroids, sulfones, and sulfapyridine therapy. His course was complicated by chronic sinusitis and necrotizing pneumonia. He was treated with clofazimine.
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PMID:Pyoderma gangrenosum with IgA gammopathy. 636 May 54

Five patients with the yellow nail syndrome triad are described; all five had yellow nails, primary lymphedema, and respiratory tract involvement. Four of the patients noted the onset of the syndrome after an episode of pneumonia. Four patients had a chronic productive cough, two had bronchiectasis, two had chronic sinusitis, and one had chronic pleural effusion. Two of the five had spontaneous improvement of their yellow nails.
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PMID:Yellow nail syndrome: report of five cases. 671 90

Chronic rhinosinusitis is extremely common in patients with cystic fibrosis. It causes numerous problems in these patients and can put them at risk for life-threatening illness. Potential problems include nasal obstruction, congestion, sinus pain and pressure, infection (usually with Pseudomonas organisms), hyposmia or anosmia, and the seeding of bacteria into the lower respiratory tract. Cystic fibrosis patients with chronically infected sinuses are at increased risk for pneumonia following lung transplantation. A prophylactic protocol has been developed for the management of chronic sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis. These patients are fully evaluated at the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Medical Center. Based on the results of the evaluation, they are treated with endoscopic sinus surgery, partial middle turbinectomy, septoplasty, and a large middle meatal maxillary antrostomy. Surgery is followed by a rigorous regimen of pulsatile hypotonic saline nasal irrigation to wash away tenacious cystic secretions. Tobramycin (Nebcin) is given once daily in the nasal irrigant to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas organisms. At the USCD Nasal Dysfunction Clinic, this prepulmonary transplantation protocol is now used in all cystic fibrosis patients with chronic sinusitis.
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PMID:Management of chronic sinusitis in cystic fibrosis. 771 76


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