Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A human isolate of type A Hong Kong influenza virus (H3N2) was adapted to mice by serial passage. Lung homogenates from mice who received low passage levels contained about the same quantity of virus (10(6.2-6.95) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml) as those from mice who received high passage levels (10(5.95-6.45) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml); however, death occurred only in animals given high-passage virus. Passage 3 (P3) and passage 9 (P9) viruses were selected as representative of low-passage and high-passage viruses, respectively. Although minimal differences were detected in infectivity for rhesus monkey kidney tissue cultures and mice, P9 virus was at least 10,000 times more lethal for mice (mean lethal dose = 10(4.2)). Infection with P3 virus was accompanied by minimal bronchitis and bronchiolitis only, whereas P9-infected animals exhibited marked bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Striking thymic cortical atrophy was also demonstrable in the P9-infected animals and, although virus was more commonly recovered from thymuses from these animals, immunofluorescent studies revealed only a few cells containing influenza virus antigens. To further explore the participation of thymus-derived lymphocytes in influenza, athymic nude mice and furred immunocompetent littermates were given 500 50% mouse infectious doses of P9 virus. Nude mice exhibited an increased survival time and, in contrast to the extensive lung pathology seen in furred littermates, manifested minimal cellular infiltration and no tissue destruction in lungs. Brains from nude mice exhibited encephalomalacia with lymphocytic perivascular cuffing, which was not seen in furred animals. Virus was recovered from brains of 6 of 13 nude mice and 1 of 10 furred animals. The contrasting models suggest that thymus-dependent cells play a significant role in the inflammatory response to influenza virus infection and should prove useful for probing host-virus interactions which characterize influenza virus virulence.
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PMID:Effects of low- and high-passage influenza virus infection in normal and nude mice. 83 99

Experimentally induced and naturally acquired lungworm infections (Didelphostrongylus and Capillaria) were studied in opossums, Didelphis marsupialis. Each of 4 helminth-free opossums were experimentally infected with 250 3rd-stage Didelphostrongylus hayesi larvae. At 2 and 8.5 months after infection, 2 animals were necropsied. Hypertrophy of pulmonary smooth muscle characterized D hayesi infections, with lesions pronounced in the vicinity of helminths. There was mucous bronchitis characterized by peribronchial gland hyperplasia, lymphoid nodule formation, and exudation of mucus and eosinophils into bronchioles. Lung from 4 opossums harboring natural infections of D hayesi or Capillaria or both was examined. Concomitant infections produced multifocal, indurated lesions often resulting in generalized consolidation. Microscopic examination revealed pulmonic damage consisting of hypertrophy of smooth muscle, extensive peribronchiolar adenomatoid hyperplasia of alveolar epithelium, and diffuse areas of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. Capillaria provoked well-defined granulomas, and frequently only eggs and cuticular debris were contained within the lesions. Loss of pouch young by 1 naturally infected feamle was associated with extensive verminous pneumonia.
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PMID:Pathologic manifestations of experimentally and naturally acquired lungworm infections in opossums. 85 Dec 87

In the light of 8 observations, made by the authors, vasoanomalies underlying the syndrome of the unilateral hyperlucent lung are discussed in their correlation to homolateral bronchial lesions. There were 3 cases with unilateral aplasia of the pulmonary artery in which the unilateral hyperlucency was found always on the healthy side. In these cases there was a normal bronchogram on both sides. The vascularization by the bronchial arteries causes characteristic changes both in the X-ray-picture and endoscopy. Hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery occurring simultaneously with hyperlucency of the affected side of the lung was found in five cases, 4 times in connection with homolateral, severe, diffuse deforming bronchitis and bronchiectases and 1 case with congenital bronchus stenosis. There is the opinion that besides a congenital form of the hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery a (virus?) --pneumonia, acquired in early childhood, can lead to a pulmonary hypoplasia and a bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The diagnosis can be made only after several special examinations performed in a multi-step system. The significance of the lung scintigraphy within the scope of this complex diagnostics is especially emphasized. Indication for surgery should be made very cautiously. Antibiotic long-term therapy and dsipensary care are considered to be essential.
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PMID:[Unilateral aplasia and hypoplasia of pulmonary artery in childhood (author's transl)]. 86 35

In a study of the prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm production in a group of nearly 4000 young adults, those adults who had several children had a higher prevalvalence of these symptoms than those with few children, especially if the children suffered from bronchitis or pneumonia. Nevertheless, cigarette smoking was the factor most strongly associated with chronic cough and phlegm production in young adults in this study.
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PMID:Respiratory symptom prevalence in adults: the comparative importance of smoking and family factors. 86 56

A study has been made of 3,745 Bedouin and 9,422 Jewish babies born in 1972-73 to residents of the Beersheba district of southern Israel (the Negev). Newborn infants weighing less than 1 kg were excluded. Thirty-seven percent of the Bedouin babies were born at home; their mothers tended to be older and of higher parity than those choosing to deliver in hospital. Less than 6% of Bedouin mothers had been to school, compared with 90% of the Jews; 30% were aged under 20 or over 34 years, compared with 18% of the Jews, and 23% were having their seventh or later baby, compared with 12% of the Jews. Mean birth weight of babies born in hospital was about 200 g lower in Bedouin than in Jews, and 11.4% of Bedouin and 6.5% of Jewish infants weighed less than 2.5 kg. There was little variation in complications of labor between the 1,959 Bedouin and 8,877 Jewish women delivered in Beersheba's Soroka Medical Center. The cesarean section rate was 1.8% in Bedouin and 4.3% in Jews, while in 0.3% of Bedouin and 1.4% of Jews labor was induced. Monozygous twinning rates were similar in the two ethnic groups (4.8 and 4.5 sets/1,000 deliveries, respectively) but dizygous twinning was twice as common among the Bedouin as among the Jews (13.0 vs 6.0 sets/ 1,000). Male births accounted for 0.526 and 0.512 of the total in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Perinatal mortality rates for hospital births were 31.1 and 18.3/1,000 in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Infant deaths among Bedouin (31.0/1,000) were underreported; the rate was 16.8/1,000 for Jewish infants. Although rates of all specific causes of death were higher in Bedouin than in Jews, patterns of mortality in subgroups based on birth weight, sex, twinning and maternal age were quite similar in the two ethnic groups. There were six reported deaths from tetanus among Bedouin babies. For the cohort of babies born in 1972, admissions to the Soroka Medical Center pediatric wards were recorded in 366 (195.5/1,000) Bedouin and 787 (174.3/1,000) Jewish babies younger than the age of one year. Bedouin admission rates were higher than those of Jews for gastroenteritis (119.1 and 64.5/1,000 respectively), infectious and parasitic diseases (29.4 and 21.9), malnutrition (25.6 and 8.0) and external causes (10.1 and 4.4). Admission rates for bronchitis and pneumonia were, however, lower among Bedouin than Jews in the first six months of life.
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PMID:Maternal, perinatal and infant health in Bedouin and Jews in southern Israel. 87 68

The protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind fashion in 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine, administered in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, was glass-grown and contained 264 microgram of protein nitrogen/ml. Phosphate-buffered saline with formalin was injected as a control. Systemic reactions to injection were similar in both groups, but the percentage of vaccinees with erythema (51%) and induration (52%) at 24 hr was significantly greater than the percentage of controls (2%) with these reaction (P less than 0.001). Twenty-one (0.5%) of 3,930 vaccinees and 43 (1.1%) of the 3.931 placebo recipients were hospitalized with pneumonia (chi2=7.61; P less than 0.01). Ten of 21 vaccinees and seven of 43 controls with pneumonia had a positive pharyngeal culture for M. pneumoniae (chi2=1.69; P =0.20), and fourfold rises in titer of serum antibody were noted in five of 14 vaccinees and in 15 of 28 placebo recipients with pneumonia (chi2=7.90; P less 0.0005). Therefore, vaccine efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific pneumonia was 42% as determined by cultures and 67% by serologic tests. The vaccine showed no protective efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific bronchitis or for M. pneumoniae pharyngeal carriage in recrutis in training.
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PMID:Protective efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. 89 86

The amount of immunoglobulins A and G and lysozyme in bronchial secretions of children with pneumonia was higher than in ones of bronchitis and infected asthma patients. Immunoglobulins levels increased also with the age of patients.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins A and G and lysozyme in the bronchial secretions of children with acute respiratory tract infections. 89 50

We have undertaken some basic and clinical studies on midecamycin granules with following results: 1) After ingesting of 4 g of midecamycin granules, peak blood levels (1.51 microgram/ml on an average) appeared at one hour in infants, detectable amount lasting for 6 hours. 2) Urinary excretion within 6 hours ranged from 1.1 to 2.7% of the drug dosed. 3) In the treatment of a total of 19 acute cases, consisting of 9 cases of tonsillitis, 7 cases of lacunar tonsillitis and 3 cases of bronchitis, midecamycin was found effective in 79% of the cases. 4) In all the 3 cases of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma, response to midecamycin was assessed as excellent. 5) Hepatic and renal functions tests performed in cases treated with the drug for a prolonged period (40 approximately 50 mg/kg for 13 approximately 18 days) revealed no undesirable effect, indicating that midecamycin can be administered continuously to younger infants with infections.
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PMID:[A study on midecamycin granules in acute respiratory diseases in infants (author's transl)]. 90 47

Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 were made, and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty pediatric patients with various types of infections such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelitis, lymphadenitis colli and pyodermia were treated with S-6437 at the daily dosage of 50 mg/kg orally, the clinical effectiveness was 89.3%. 2. The peak blood level of cephalexin after a single oral administration (25 mg/kg) was observed after 4 hours and the average peak blood level of 10 cases was 7.4 microgram/ml. 3. The average urinary excretion rate of 5 cases was 71.2%. 4. Mild side effects were noticed in a few cases.
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PMID:[Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 (a new longacting granule of cephalexin) in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 91 90

In order to clinically evaluate S-6437, the following study was carried out in pediatric patients. This clinical study was performed in 30 patients ranging from 2 years and one month to 10 years and one month of age. Seven patients had scarlet fever, 3 acute pharyngitis, 4 acute suppurative tonsillitis, 6 acute bronchitis, 2 acute pneumonia, 3 acute pyelonephritis, 1 chronic pyelonephritis, 2 vaginitis, 1 acute gastro-enteritis, and 1 impetigo. The degree of these diseases were all mild or moderate. These patients were orally administered 35 approximately 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 3 approximately 10 days. As a result, effectiveness of this preparation in these patients was 80% and no side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Study of S-6437 (sustained release cephalexin) in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 91 92


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