Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After abdominal surgery, 64 patients were managed with one of the following two techniques of respiratory care: (1) deep breathing by way of a new device, an incentive spirometric three-ball, flow-measuring device (Triflo); and (2) standard episodic intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) every four hours. Both series of patients received therapy with a bronchodilator drug by nebulization. All patients had preoperative spirometric measurements followed by five consecutive days of therapy and spirometry. Chest x-ray films were obtained for all patients. There were no significant differences between the two methods of respiratory care, but 57 percent (17/30) in the group receiving therapy with IPPB developed pneumonia, atelectasis, or bronchitis, while only 29 percent (10/34) did so in the group using the incentive spirometric device (P less than 0.05). Spirometric differences were minimal, although the trend favored the incentive spirometric device. Principal conclusions were as follows: (1) deep breathing under the conditions of this investigation was equal to episodic therapy with IPPB; and (2) from an economic standpoint, IPPB, as it is currently practiced, may be disadvantageous when compared with the incentive spirometric device.
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PMID:Comparison of two methods of postoperative respiratory care. 64 9

A 55-year-old man, alcoholic, and with a past history of tuberculosis, suddenly suffered a pneumococcal pneumonia which favourised the onset of predelirium tremens and then generalised convulsions. The latter, in combination with the administration of sedatives, resulted in acute respiratory insufficiency. Assisted ventilation proved necessary. After a brief improvement, fever recurred and extensive pulmonary necrosis developed. The patient died 32 days later, all aetiological studies having proved negative. The diagnosis was made at autopsy which revealed the presence of multiple pulmonary aspergillus abcesses and a purulent bronchitis due to the same fungus. Aspergillus serology had not been done.
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PMID:[Acute non-septicaemic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis. One case in a patient with no obvious immune deficiency (author's transl)]. 66 25

Fundamental and clinical studies of PC-904, a newly developed penicillin with a broad spectrum, were performed and the following results were obtained. (1) The serum levels of PC-904 after 1.5 hours drip infusion reached the peak at 1 hour or at the end of the infusion and the detectable levels of PC-904 were maintained up to 2 or 3 hours after the end of the infusion. (2) The urinary excretion rates up to 6 hours after the onset of the infusion were 19.2 approximately 25.5%. (3) Forty-one patients were treated with PC-904 and the majority of the diseases were acute respiratory infections. The treatment by the drip infusion of 50 approximately 100 mg/kg/day resulted in good responses to whooping cough, and lacunar tonsillitis, lymphadenitis and staphylococcal scald skin syndrome resistant to the treatment by ampicillin and cephalexin. The satisfactory results were also obtained by the treatment of almost the same dosage in the patients with acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and measles pneumonia. (4) Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the sputum culture of the patients with bronchopneumonia and they responded well to the treatment with PC-904. (5) The drip infusion of 60 approximately 70 mg/kg/day for 5 approximately 6 days was shown to be useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection of which the causative organism was E. coli. (6) No side effects were observed except rubella-like eruption in one case. (7) Clinical evaluation was examined in all cases except one patient of which the medication was withdrawn due to eruption, and the overall clinical efficacy was excellent or good in all of 40 cases.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatrics on PC-904, a penicillin with broad spectrum newly developed in Japan (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 61

Clinical study of PC-904 was performed in 8 children with infectious diseases and the following results were obtained. 1) The patients treated with PC-904 were each one case of acute pharyngitis, lacunar tonsillitis, scarlet fever, phlegmone, acute bronchitis and lung abscess, and 2 cases of bronchopneumonia. 2) The administration methods were drip infusion, one-shot intravenous injection and the combined use of these administrations. The daily dosage varied from 30 to 49 mg/kg in 3 cases and from 50 to 70 mg/kg in 3 cases, and was 227 mg/kg in 1 case. 3) Clinical evaluation was examined in 7 cases and 57.1% of effectiveness was obtained. Out of 2 cases of pneumonia, one case with the causative organism of My. pneumoniae was excluded from the clinical evaluation. 4) No side effects were observed in all 8 cases treated with PC-904.
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PMID:[Clinical study of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 62

A clinical study of PC-904 was performed in children. The results were as follows; 1) Serum levels of PC-904 after single administration of 20 mg/kg were studied in patients by one-shot intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour or 2 hours. The results obtained in this fundamental study led to the suggestion that the proper dosage in bacterial infections would be 50 approximately 100 mg/kg intravenously in 3 approximately 4 divided doses daily. 2) A clinical study of PC-904 was performed in 16 patients including acute pharyngitis and bronchitis (3 cases), acute bronchopneumonia (3 cases), pertussis pneumonia (1 case), lymphadenitis purulenta (2 cases), acute bronchopneumonia (3 cases), pertussis pneumonia (1 case), lymphadenitis purulenta (2 cases), abscess with chronic granuloma (2 cases) and urinary tract infection (5 cases). About 50 approximately 100 mg/kg of PC-904 were administered in 3 approximately 4 divided doses daily by one-shot intravenous injection. The clinical effects of 2 cases out of 16 were impossible to be evaluated, and thses cases were excluded from the clinical evaluation. Ten cases out of 14 showed excellent or good responses (efficacy rate: 71.4%). 3) The bacteriological examinations were performed and the causative or isolated organisms were determined in 11 cases. The responses were "disappeared" in 6 cases, "decreased" in 2 cases and "not disappeared" in 3 cases. 4) No side effects were observed. Abnormalities of laboratory findings were not also noticed.
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PMID:[A clinical study of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 63

PC-904 was administered to 24 patients: urinary tract infections (7 cases), bronchitis (2 cases), pneumonia (3 cases), brain abscess (1 case), septicemia and the suspected cases (10 cases), and buttock abscess (1 case). The daily dosage varied from 60 to 223.4 mg/kg and averaged 86.9 mg/kg. The drug was administered three times a day by 1-hour drip infusion, and the duration of the treatment averaged 11 days. Clinical results were obtained as excellent responses in 5 cases, good in 13, poor in 4, and unknown in 2, giving 75% of the clinical effectiveness. Bacteriological responses were excellent in 7, good in 2, poor in 2, and unknown in 13, and the overall effectiveness was evaluated as excellent in 2, good in 17, and unknown in 5. Antibacterial activities against clinically isolated bacteria were examined. MIC values of PC-904 were over 100 mg/ml 1 strain of E. coli and 2 strains of Klebsiella, however excellent sensitivities were observed in 3 strains of Ps. aeruginosa and MIC values varied 1.56 to 3.12 microgram/ml at 10(8) of inoculum size and 0.78 to 1.56 microgram/ml at 10(8). As to side effects, diarrhea was observed in 1 case, rash in 2, lowering ob blood pressure in 2, elevation of GOT in 1, and elevation of LDH in 2. Abnormal elevations of GOT (10 cases), GPT (5 cases), A1-P (1 case), LDH (7 cases), and BUN (1 case) were noticed in other patients, but it was considered to be due to underlying diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 66

In a study of Kent schoolchildren it has been shown that those who had a history of bronchitis under the age of five were more likely to have reported respiratory symptoms as the age of 11 (Bland et al., 1974). After this finding, it was necessary to test whether these differences would continue or diminish as the children grew older. One thousand three hundred schoolchildren in four areas of Kent were studied by physical examination and parental questionnaire at the ages of 5, 11, and 14. The relative risk of having reported respiratory symptoms for children with a history of early bronchitis, asthma, or pneumonia, compared with other children, was the same at the age of 14 as it was at the age of 11. These relationships could not be explained by social class effects, and were probably not due to parental bias in reporting.
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PMID:Long-term consequences of respiratory disease in infancy. 74 16

The efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind study of 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine was administered to half for the volunteers in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered similarly to control subjects. Twenty-one vaccinees (5.3 per 1,000) and 43 recipients of placebo (10.9 per 1,000) were hospitalized with pneumonia; the incidence of illness among the two groups indicated a 51% overall protective efficacy for the vaccine (x2 = 7.49; P less than 0.01). The refined data for pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae showed 67% protective efficacy when serologic data were employed (x2 = 7.84; P = 0.005) and a 42% protective efficacy (x2 = 1.80; P greater than 0.10) when data from cultures for M. pneumoniae were employed. Vaccinees with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae suffered no increased illness compared to controls, suggesting no hypersensitization with natural illness following the inactivated vaccine. Only when serologic data were analyzed did it appear that the M. pneumoniae vaccine protected against M. pneumoniae specific bronchitis (35% efficacy) but the difference was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.28; P greater than 0.20).
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PMID:Field trial of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. I. Vaccine efficacy. 79 22

Changes of temperature of short duration (2-10 days) and of longer duration (15 and more days) are associated with inverse changes in death rates in both respiratory infections (pneumonia and bronchitis) and in vascular diseases (myocardial infarction and cerebral vascular accidents). These relationships are less or absent in younger subjects and marked in the elderly. The temperature on the day of death is less relevant to the death rate than that on earlier days and the particular days which are most relevant differ in the different conditions. In the case of myocardial infarcts the temperature 1 to 2 days before death is the most relevant, in strokes 3 to 4 days before death and in the respiratory infections more than 5 days before death is the most relevant.
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PMID:Relationships of temperature with death rates from all causes and from certain respiratory and arteriosclerotic diseases in different age groups. 80 37

Since fosfomycin has behaved in vitro as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an attempt has been made to evaluate this behaviour in controlled clinical study carried out at different Spanish hospitals. A total of 959 patients were treated for some of the following infectious clinical processes: gonococcal urethritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, chronic otorrhoea, septicaemia, meningitis, peritonitis, surgical and suppurative infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngoamygdalitis, burns, endometritis, ocular infection, whooping cough and nasal carriers of S. aureus. The results obtained as a function of the microorganism isolated in these clinical processes in percentage of clinical and bacteriological success have been 96% of the S. aureus infections, 95% of the Streptococcus sp. including S. pneumoniae, 90% of the N. gonorrhoeae infections, 94% of the E. coli infections including enteropathogenic E. coli, 90% of the S. marcescens infections, 76% of the Proteus sp. infections, 72% of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter infections, 66% of P. aeruginosa infections and 78% of the S. typhi infections.
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PMID:Bacteriological evaluation of fosfomycin in clinical studies. 83 23


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