Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Graft-versus-host disease, a complication of allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation, involves primarily the skin, liver and intestines, but may also be associated with pneumonia. To determine the relation of graft-versus-host disease with pneumonia, we evaluated the autopsies of 59 allogeneic and two autologous recipients and 74 control patients with various pulmonary diseases, who had not received a bone-marrow transplant. Lymphocytic bronchitis, characterized by lymphocyte-associated necrosis of the bronchial mucosa and often the submucosal glands, was present in 12 of 20 patients with Grade 2 or greater graft-versus-host disease but in only three of 39 with Grade 0 to 1 disease (P less than 0.0005). Onset of respiratory disease correlated with the time of onset of graft-versus-host disease. Patients with lymphocytic bronchitis had a higher incidence of bronchopneumonia and acute bronchitis of the lower respiratory tract. Lymphocytic bronchitis did not occur in the controls and appears to be a component of graft-versus-host disease that leads to bronchopneumonia, probably through destruction of the mucociliary apparatus.
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PMID:Lymphocytic bronchitis associated with graft-versus-host disease in recipients of bone-marrow transplants. 3 44

207 patients of a geriatric department were immunized against influenza with either tween-ether-split-vaccine or subunit-vaccine in a double blind study. For 6 months the following data were daily registered: rest in bed, fever over 38,5 degrees C, rhinitis, laryngopharingitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, enteritis, medication with antibiotics or chemotherapeutics. In cases with fever over 38,5 degrees C blood tests were taken for serological examination. The immune response against influenza A was excellent in both groups, the titer was higher in the subunit group, only one patient showed influenza infection. The immune response against the type B Hongkong was not satisfactory in both groups. The clinical data showed a significant lower incidence of rhinitis, laryngopharingitis and bronchitis in the group immunized with the tween-ether-split-vaccine. This effect was more distinct within the first 3 months after the immunization than within the second 3 months.
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PMID:[Influenza immunization, clinical results and serological tests (author's transl)]. 4 17

Sixty patients with pneumonia and/or bronchitis were treated with cefaclor, a new orally administered cephalosporin. Of those 60, 27 adults were treated with 500 mg every 8 hours, 26 adults with 250 mg every 6 hours, and 7 children with 50 mg/kg/day. In the adults, pneumonia was caused most frequently by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The 7 children had pneumococcal pneumonia. All but 2 adults, both elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were successfully treated. One instance of drug hypersensitivity occurred. All 7 children responded rapidly, with no side effects, to cefaclor therapy.
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PMID:Treatment of acute bacterial bronchitis and pneumonia with cefaclor. 4 8

Mediators of immediate-type hypersensitivity were studied in the sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis. The same mediators were also measured in early-onset, skin-test-positive asthmatics, in late-onset, skin-test-negative asthmatics, and in patients with bronchial carcinoma, bronchiectasis, and pneumonia. Sputum eosinophilia was a feature of bronchitics and asthmatics, whereas raised blood eosinophil levels were found only in the early-onset, skin-test-positive asthmatics. Histamine and IgE were present in considerable amounts in the sputum of bronchitics and early-onset, skin-test-positive asthmatics. Smaller amounts were found in the other groups. The sputum in all the groups contained material giving an "S.R.S (slow-reacting substance) like" induced contraction of the guinea pig ileum. "Classical" S.R.S.-A., determined by arylsulphatase IIB susceptibility, was present only in bronchitics and both types of asthmatics. Since the bronchitics were, in general, skin-test negative and had normal concentrations of circulating IgE and eosinophils, it is suggested that the findings in the sputum indicate an element of local immediate-type (type I) hypersensitivity in bronchitis although its significance for pathogenesis is not known.
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PMID:Mediators of immediate-type hypersensitivity in sputum from patients with chronic bronchitis and asthma. 9 32

83 in-patients, age 3 months to 12 years, with tonsillitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia were treated with a new galenic preparation of phenoxymethylpenicillin V potassium (Star-Pen Trockensirus SANABO). The drug was very well tolerated, no skin-rash was observed, no problems occurred with the oral administration. Diarrhea, not infrequent in oral penicillin therapy, was -- with one exception -- not noticed in patients above one year of age.
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PMID:[Therapy of bacterial infections in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. 11 4

From October 1976 to June 1977 virological researches have been carried out on 5 subjects with influenza, on 302 children hospitalized in pediatric departments for respiratory illness and 94 children hospitalized in the same departments for other (non respiratory) diseases. The incidence of influenza was moderate and restricted to small epidemic episodes in school and preschool children. The isolated viruses resulted of A type, substantially similar to the prototype strains appeared from 1972 to 1975. Among children hospitalized for respiratory diseases Adenoviruses (6.8%) and, with decreasing frequency, Enteroviruses, paraifluenza viruses and RS have been also isolated. The incidence of isolation of RS virus is significantly related to bronchopneumonia cases in infants under on year of age. The incidence of significant increases of FC antibodies against influenza (A and B) viruses, RS and Myc. pneumoniae in children with bronchitis and broncho-pneumonia is also considerable. The drawing of pharyngeal swabs at different intervals from the entry to the hospital has shown that the shedding of respiratory viruses is generally very short and that hospital cross-infections may occur.
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PMID:[Virological research in acute respiratory diseases in 1976--1977 (author's transl)]. 22 5

Among 200,000 infants screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency, 125 Pi Z, 48 Pi Z, 1Pi S-, and 2 Pi Z- children were followed up prospectively. Eleven percent of the Pi Z infants had neonatal cholestasis, and at 2 years of age three of them had cirrhosis. About 50% of the asymptomatic Pi Z and Pi Z- subjects occasionally had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels above normal, and in 15% of them the levels were probably permanently increased during the first two years of life. Two previously healthy Pi Z children had transient symptoms of liver disease at age 2 years in connection with severe infections. The Pi SZ children had no significant clinical liver disease and only two had abnormal serum ALAT levels. Among Pi Z children up to 2 years of age the following diseases were also encountered: eight had recurrent bronchitis with wheezing, two had persistant cough (both had cirrhosis), one had severe pneumonia, one was mentally retarded, three had urinary tract infections, six had pronounced eczema, one had allergic shock, and three had congenital malformations. Among the Pi SZ children one had recurrent bronchitis, one had eczema, and one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Three children, two Pi Z and one Pi SZ, have died. The Pi Z- and Pi S- subjects were healthy. In conclusion a variety of significant symptoms were observed in about 30% of the Pi Z children compared with 6% of the Pi SZ children during the first two years of life.
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PMID:alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in early childhood. 30 15

A prospective, randomized, single-blind comparison of parenteral cefamandole and ampicillin was conducted in 27 hospitalized adult patients with pneumonia or purulent tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus spp. Patients received either parenteral cefamandole or ampicillin in a dose of 1 g every 6 h. Cefamandole was as effective and safe as ampicillin. Of the 14 patients treated with cefamandole, 13 were considered cured, as were 12 of the 13 treated with ampicillin. One patient in each treatment group improved clinically but did not clear his sputum of Haemophilus spp. One patient treated with cefamandole had a recurrence of Haemophilus spp. bronchitis 9 days after cure. Adverse effects were more common in the cefamandole-treated group (50% versus 15%), but were mild and did not require discontinuation of therapy in any patient. The in vitro susceptibilities of 64 clinical isolates of Haemophilus spp. to 10 antibiotics were determined. Cefamandole was the most active of the cephalosporin-cephamycin antibiotics tested, inhibiting 98% of 61 non-beta-lactamase-producing isolates at 2 mug/ml and 100% at 4 mug/ml. Cefamandole inhibited the three ampicillin-resistant isolates at 2 mug/ml or less. Cephapirin, cefoxitin, and cephalothin were the next most active, whereas cefazolin and cephradine were the least active.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory evaluation of cefamandole in the therapy of Haemophilus spp. Bronchopulmonary infections. 38 11

Forced smoking (= passive smoking) is not only a molestation but a real health risk for nonsmokers. The reasons for this are given in detail by a survey of results of the world literature. The main reasons are: In tobacco smoke are more than 40 cancerogenic substances which show a clear summative effect in contrast to other poisons. Avoidable cancerogens therefore must be eliminated from our environment wherever it is possible. There is no reason to make an exception with tobacco smoke. Special attention is to be paid to more than a dozen of cancerogenic nitrosamines in tobacco smoke. The content of nitrosamines in sidestream-smoke is up to fifty times higher than in the main stream of the tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke therefore is the most important source of nitrosamines in our environment at all. The cancerogenic effect of passive smoking is secured in animal experiments unobjectionably. Passive smoking is the most important cause of bronchitis and pneumonia in early childhood and favours inflammations of the respiratory tract in older children and in animal experiments, etc.
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PMID:[Health damage by means of forced smoking]. 39 76

Unusually large bronchial casts developed in four patients. In two, the casts were associated with pneumonia. In one, a large RBC cast resulted from a complication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Bronchial casts developed in an additional patient as a manifestation of plastic bronchitis. Although unusual, bronchial cast formation may complicate a number of hypersecretory pulmonary diseases. Therapy ordinarily includes specific measures to treat the underlying disease state and maneuvers designed to remove or facilitate the expectoration of bronchial casts.
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PMID:Large bronchial casts. 44 46


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