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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this review, some common food plants and their toxic or otherwise bioactive components and mycotoxin contaminants have been considered. Crucifers contain naturally occurring components that are goitrogenic, resulting from the combined action of allyl isothiocyanate, goitrin, and thiocyanate. Although crucifers may provide some protection from cancer when taken prior to a carcinogen, when taken after a carcinogen they act as promoters of carcinogenesis. The acid-condensed mixture of indole-3-carbinol (a component of crucifers) binds to the TCDD receptor and causes responses similar to those of TCDD. Herbs contain many biologically active components, with more than 20% of the commercially prepared human drugs coming from these plants. Onion and garlic juices can help to prevent the rise of serum cholesterol. Most herbs used in treatments may have many natural constituents that act oppositely from their intended use. Some herbs like Bishop's week seed contain carcinogens, and many contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause cirrhosis of the liver. The general phytoalexin response in plants (including potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, celery, and sweet potatoes) induced by external stimuli can increase the concentrations of toxic chemical constituents in those plants. In potatoes, two major indigenous compounds are alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, which are human plasma cholinesterase inhibitors and teratogens in animals. Because of its toxicity, the potato variety Lenape was withdrawn from the market. Celery, parsley, and parsnips contain the linear furanocoumarin phytoalexins psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin that can cause photosensitization and also are photomutagenic and photocarcinogenic. Celery field workers and handlers continually have photosensitization problems as a result of these indigenous celery furanocoumarins. A new celery cultivar (a result of plant breeding to produce a more pest-resistant variety) was responsible for significant incidences of phytophotodermatitis of grocery employees. Since there is no regulatory agency or body designated to oversee potential toxicological issues associated with naturally occurring toxicants, photodermatitis continues to occur from celery exposure. Sweet potatoes contain phytoalexins that can cause lung edema and are hepatotoxic to mice. At least one of these, 4-ipomeanol, can cause extensive lung clara cell necrosis and can increase the severity of pneumonia in mice. Some phytoalexins in sweet potatoes are hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic to mice. The common mushroom Agaricus bisporus contains benzyl alcohol as its most abundant volatile, and A. bisporus and Gyromitra esculenta both contain hydrazine analogues. Mycotoxins are found in corn, cottonseed, fruits, grains, grain sorghums, and nuts (especially peanuts); therefore, they also occur in apple juice, bread, peanut butter, and other products made from contaminated starting materials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Natural pesticides and bioactive components in foods. 240 25

The term "neutrophilic dermatosis" has been suggested for a spectrum of skin lesions that have been noted in some patients with myeloproliferative diseases. These cutaneous conditions vary from plaques typical of Sweet's syndrome to bullous and pyodermatous lesions. We describe two patients with neutrophilic dermatoses and myeloproliferative disorders. Distinctive features included concurrent bullous pyodermatous lesions and characteristic lesions of Sweet's syndrome in one patient and overwhelming sterile pulmonary infiltration in the other patient. These disorders may be difficult to distinguish from acute infectious processes, and they may have systemic components, including pneumonitis. Possible therapeutic alternatives to systemic corticosteroid therapy are suggested.
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PMID:Neutrophilic dermatoses and myeloproliferative disease: report of two cases. 386 98

A large body of clinical experience on the adverse consequences of cytokine administration has accumulated since the last decade. Side-effects reported after the therapeutic use of cytokines has provided evidence that activation of the immune response may sometimes have deleterious consequences. Several effects appeared as a direct consequence of the immune activation induced by cytokines, e.g. flu-like reactions, vascular leak syndrome. Cytokine-induced exacerbation of underlying diseases or immune dysregulation were other complications of growing concern. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment has now been clearly linked with the exacerbation or the occurrence of several types of autoantibodies or autoimmune diseases (thyroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hematologic disorders, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) or diseases involving altered cell-mediated immune functions (inflammatory dermatologic diseases, nephritis, pneumonitis, colitis). By contrast immunological side-effects of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma have been seldom reported. However, the extent of clinical experience with both of these cytokines is still very limited. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has also been implicated in various conditions that may involve immunopathological processes (thyroid disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological diseases, interstitial nephritis). Growth factors have been more specifically linked with the development or the exacerbation of dermatological inflammatory diseases through neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages or eosinophils activation (e.g. cutaneous vasculitis and generalized cutaneous eruption, Sweet's syndrome, bullous eruption, psoriasis). Exacerbation of autoimmune thyroiditis was described with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) only. The immunogenicity of cytokines is also of great relevance and the occurrence of antibodies binding IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, IL2 and GM-CSF have been reported. While the clinical significance of non-neutralizing antibodies is not clearly established, an absence of response or reversal of clinical efficacy has been described in patients developing neutralizing antibodies. Finally, several isolated reports have recently suggested that IFN-alpha treatment may be associated with several immunosuppressive effects while IL-2 is clinically associated with an increased incidence of infectious complications.
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PMID:Immune-mediated side-effects of cytokines in humans. 863 83

We describe a 62 yr old female with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (AFND) or Sweet's syndrome, involving the bronchial mucosa. The patient presented with classical skin manifestations of AFND accompanied by bilateral pneumonia, pleural effusions and lesions of the oral mucosa. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin and mucosal biopsies. Bronchoscopy revealed raised pustules, similar to the lesions of the skin, suggesting bronchial involvement of AFND. The patient responded to systemic corticosteroids only for a short period and died as a result of multiorgan failure. Postmortem findings confirmed dense, focal neutrophilic infiltrates of the bronchi and bronchioles. No underlying disease was found.
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PMID:Bronchial manifestation of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). 962 7

We present the case of a patient who suffered from severe pneumonia. Extensive diagnostic procedures revealed negative cultures and a severe neutrophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggestive of Sweet's syndrome. The persistent toxic leukocyte differentiation (not induced by infection) suggested an underlying hematologic disorder. One week later, she developed cutaneous lesions indicative of neutrophilic dermatosis. Bone marrow investigation showed refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). Both the pulmonary and cutaneous infiltrates improved after treatment with chemotherapy.
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PMID:Myelodysplasia presenting with pulmonary manifestations associated with neutrophilic dermatosis. 979 84

The two major cutaneous expressions of infective states are infections of the skin by viable organisms and immunological responses to nonviable microbial antigens or, in the case of molecular mimickry, their human analogues. These immunological responses are designated as cutaneous id reactions, and manifest a histomorphology similar to that seen at the primary infective site. This study presents the clinical and histological findings in 16 patients who developed skin eruptions associated with extracutaneous or systemic infections. There was a striking female predominance; patients ranged in age from 10 to 78 years. The majority of cases manifested skin lesions which clinically resembled Sweet's syndrome, erythema multiforme and/or erythema nodosum. Fever, arthralgia, oligoarthritis, mucosal ulcers of the mouth and/ or genital tract and uveitis were additional features in some cases. Isolated clinical presentations included a petechial rash in a stocking and glove distribution, papular dermatitis, a morbilliform eruption and annular erythema. Among the medical and family histories were atopy and stigmata associated with connective tissue disease (CTD). Two patients were ingesting drugs with known immune dysregulating properties. Skin biopsies showed focal lymphocytic interface dermatitis, a diffuse interstitial histiocytic infiltrate, and a mononuclear cell predominant vascular reaction which in some cases represented vasculitis by virtue of manifesting concomitant luminal or mural fibrin deposition. Eosinophils, eczematous alterations, and papillary dermal edema were identified in a minority of cases. All patients had evidence of a prior or concurrent infection, based on either positive IgM serology for specific microbes or cultures. Among the implicated pathogens were cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, streptococcus, mycoplasma, klebsiella, and Borrelia burgdorferi. All of these organisms are among those associated with reactive arthritis, a phenomenon that was seen in some cases. The histology suggested florid cell mediated immunity (CMI), which the authors attributed to the superantigen properties held by the aforesaid pathogens. Skin lesions and constitutional symptoms resolved quickly with antimicrobial therapy in 7 of 9 cases causally linked to bacteria. Spontaneous resolution occurred in 5 of 6 virally mediated eruptions. The other 4 patients were given topical steroids or prednisone; these included 1 patient with Borrelia burgdorferi infection and 1 patient with radiographic evidence of pneumonia who was never cultured, 1 patient with parvovirus B19 infection, and 1 patient with pneumococcal pneumonia and concomitant sarcoidosis. It is the authors' belief that the eruptions seen in these patients may in part reflect a genetic or iatrogenic predisposition to respond excessively to certain infectious triggers.
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PMID:A distinctive cutaneous reaction pattern indicative of infection by reactive arthropathy-associated microbial pathogens: the superantigen ID reaction. 987 Jun 72

We report the case of a 19-year old black West Indian woman who had been treated for acne for two years with oral minocycline (50 mg per day) and topical of benzoyle peroxide (5%). She was admitted for fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia and widespread pruritus. We observed several skin lesions of hyperpigmentation, biological signs of hepatitis, and significant levels of antinuclear, anti-mitochondrial and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. Minocycline was immediately stopped. Two months later, all of the biological abnormalities had disappeared but the skin lesions seemed to be irreversible. Minocycline is largely used for the treatment of acne and may induce severe immuno-allergic reactions. Several cases of induced lupus, autoimmune hepatitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, hypersensitivity syndrome, serum-sickness-like illness and Sweet's syndrome have already been described. These side effects are rare but may be life-threatening. So, minocycline should be used as a second-line treatment for acne and should be avoided in black people whom seem to be at risk of such reactions. If, despite those precautions, minocycline-induced immuno-allergic reactions occur, the treatment should be immediately stopped and never prescribed again.
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PMID:[Immunoallergic reaction with hepatitis induced by minocycline]. 1002 6

We report the case of a patient in whom Sweet's syndrome developed during pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Increased expression of helper T-cell type 1 cytokine secretion pattern in peripheral blood has recently been observed in patients with this syndrome, and chlamydia infection is known to primarily activate a helper T-cell type 1 immunologic response.
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PMID:Sweet's syndrome and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. 1131 38

Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatitis) is characterised by classical skin lesions accompanied by fever and malaise. Systemic involvement may be present and lung involvement in Sweet's syndrome has been reported in the form of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia and pleural effusion. There are dense papillary neutrophilic infiltrates on histopathology. We present a case of Sweets' syndrome with left lower lobe consolidation and persistent fever which was non-responsive to antibiotics but showed clinical improvement with clearing of radiological opacities on oral steroid therapy.
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PMID:Non responding pneumonia with skin lesions. 1152 10

A 69-year-old man with Sweet's syndrome and myelodysplastic syndrome presented with pneumonia and respiratory distress. He had been taking corticosteroids and methotrexate. The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease was established by the isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 from sputum and a fourfold seroconversion of Legionella antibodies to 1:512. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 was isolated from faucets in two homes owned by the patient. Strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 isolated from the patient's sputum and from one home were demonstrated to be genetically identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis but different from strains found in the other home and in a hospital outpatient clinic that he visited. This case illustrates an emerging public health issue concerning acquisition of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease from the homes of immunocompromised hosts. This is the first such case reported in Asia.
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PMID:Residential water supply as a likely cause of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease in an immunocompromised host. 1241 68


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