Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arthritis in rabbits was caused after experimental oral infection with Yersinia enterocolitica (serotype 0:3, biotype 4, pYV+). Clinical and laboratory signs, bacterial dissemination to the viscera, immune response and morphological findings were studied from day 1 to day 40 post-infection (p.i.). Augmentation of body temperature and erythrocyte sedimentation rate occurred on day 1, and on day 8 p.i. was accompanied by leucopenia. The number of alveolar macrophages was increased up to the 15th day p.i., in contrast to peritoneal macrophage numbers. Extensive bacterial colonization of the internal organs was detected at necropsy until the end of the experiment. Analysis of the cell immune response revealed activation of B cells in peripheral blood, spleen and thymus as well as augmentation of T-cell number in the lymphoid organs examined on days 15, 28 and 40 p.i. Histological changes typical of a generalized infection, such as purulent meningoencephalitis, catarrhal pneumonia and lymphadenitis, were observed. Clinical and morphological manifestations of arthritis were also established. The results obtained show that Y. enterocolitica (serotype 0:3, pYV+) induces a generalized, non-lethal infection in Chinchilla rabbits, complicated by arthritis.
 ...
PMID:Arthritis after experimental infection with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 in rabbits. 1125 98

A prospective study was carried out on 210 cases of children under 10 years of age with fever. Cases of gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, and suspected sepsis in children seen or admitted to the pediatric hospital were studied. Clinical and microbiological data were recorded in a questionnaire or obtained from patient medical records. Most of the children with septicemia (71.3 per cent) were less than 1 year old. Focal source of bacteremia was gastroenteritis (40.4 per cent), pneumonia or bronchopneumonia (20 per cent), meningitis (7.4 per cent), and urinary tract infections (7.4 per cent). The predominant pathogens isolated from blood or stool specimens were gram-positive bacteria (53.3 per cent), mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. The gram-negative bacteria (45.6 per cent) were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Yersinia spp. One case of Candida albicans (1.1 per cent) was reported. Pasteurella pneumotropica was reported in two cases for the first time. The mortality rate was 4 per cent, mostly from septicemia cases. Long duration of hospitalization (> 10 days) and parenteral feeding were identified as risk factors. Resistance of the isolated pathogens to several commonly used antibiotics was observed. Empirical treatment with antibiotics is recommended only in life-threatening cases.
 ...
PMID:Bacteremia in children: etiologic agents, focal sites, and risk factors. 1182 4

The modelling of glandular plague and selection of the conditions for estimating the efficacy of new antibacterials for the treatment of the infection were performed on hamadryads (baboons). The experiments showed that the average LD50 of the culture of a highly virulent strain of Yersinia pestis on its subcutaneous administration to the animals was 2089 viable microbes. In 18 per cent of the episodes the experimental glandular plague in the animals was complicated by secondary plague pneumonia. Subcutaneous administration of 2 x 10(7) viable microbial cell of the plague pathogen caused acute sepsis and the animal death. The treatment of the experimental glandular plague in the hamadryads demonstrated that new antibacterials such as amikacin, netilmicin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, doxycycline, rifampicin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were not inferior in their efficacy to streptomycin and tetracycline successfully used in the therapy of patients with plague.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the effectiveness of antibacterial substances in treating an experimental form of bubonic plague in monkeys]. 1187 19

Experimental mixed infection was reproduced in rabbits after per os infection with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 cells. Four days later some of animals were re-infected orally with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b cells. A third group of healthy rabbits was also infected per os with Listeria monocytogenes. The infectious process was followed dynamically from days 1-28. The experimental animals were examined for clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings. Augmentation of body temperature and alveolar macrophage number, a decreased number of peritoneal macrophages, leucopenia as well as purulent meningoencephalitis, catarrhal pneumonia, lienitis, lymphadenitis and enteritis were detected after experimental mixed infection. Both types of macrophages demonstrated a weak bactericidal activity against Yersinia enterocolitica and a highly expressed killing effect against Listeria monocytogenes. Yersinia and Listeria cells were isolated from the viscera and brain. Both species of bacteria were established intracellularly in the macrophages by electron-microscopic examination. The data received showed that mixed Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 and Listeria monocytogenes 4b infection of rabbits runs with transitory hyperthermia as a generalized infection and is similar to the Listeria mono-infection. The immunosuppressive effect induced by oral Yersinia enterocolitica infection of rabbits promotes the expression of listerious agents.
 ...
PMID:Experimental mixed infection of rabbits with Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. 1200 26

Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative bacillus that can cause pneumonia if inhaled. Secondary person-to-person spread of infection can develop. Aerosolization of this organism as a weapon of biological terror could potentially cause many thousands of casualties, mass social disruption, and widespread fear. Plague pneumonia is treatable if recognized early but still carries a 50% to 60% mortality rate. Delay in therapy is associated with 100% mortality rates. Prophylaxis of exposed persons with oral antibiotics is indicated. There is no protective vaccine currently available.
 ...
PMID:Plague Pneumonia. 1201 18

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the Yersinia pestis microorganism, which is transmitted to the human host from a natural reservoir (different rodent species) by a flea bite. Plague is still encountered in humans in the areas of its enzootic prevalence in local rodent populations. Infection by flea bite results in a bubonic or septicemic plague, possibly complicated by secondary pneumonia. The person with pneumonic symptoms may be a source of a droplet-borne inhalatory infection for other people who consequently develop primary pneumonic plague. Despite a clinical form, plague is a severe infection characterized by a short incubation period, rapid onset and quick progress with mortality exceeding 50% if not treated properly. The pneumonic plague is associated with a particularly rapid progress and the mortality rate of almost 100% if not treated properly. As Yersinia pestis can be easily obtained and cultured and is highly pathogenic for humans, it poses a serious threat of being used for bioterrorism purposes. Artificially created aerosol containing plague bacilli can cause numerous and almost simultaneous cases of primary pulmonic plague in an exposed population. Persons exposed would most likely develop severe pneumonia with rapidly progressing respiratory and circulatory failure. The use of the Yersinia pestis strains resistant to antibiotics typically applied cannot be excluded.
 ...
PMID:[Yersinia pestis as a dangerous biological weapon]. 1247 16

Pneumonic plague, a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is a rare disease in the United States and carries a high mortality. Health care professionals in the United States are not familiar with the clinical presentation and diagnosis of plague pneumonia. The wide prevalence of the bacterium in different parts of the world, its high virulence, and its ability to spread by aerosolization makes it a potential agent of biological warfare in the hands of terrorists. This review focuses on the prevalence, pathogenesis immunity, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of plague pneumonia, with particular emphasis on the plague bacillus as an agent of biological warfare. Based on available information, we discuss measures that need to be undertaken by health care personnel, public health personnel, and epidemiologists in the event of such an attack.
 ...
PMID:Pneumonic plague. 1450 78

Yersinia pestis, which causes pneumonic plague in healthy individuals, has the potential to be used for biologic warfare. Pseudomonas aeruginosis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. There is evidence that these two pathogens use a highly homologous virulence mechanism, the type III secretion system. The type III secretion systems of both Yersinia and P. aeruginosa possess a protein named V-antigen which can be used as a target for immunotherapy against bioterrorism and opportunistic infections. This article summarizes the recent progress of V-antigen studies in Yersinia and P. aeruginosa.
 ...
PMID:A therapeutic strategy against the shared virulence mechanism utilized by both Yersinia pestis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1532 21

There has been increasing interest and efforts devoted to developing biosensor technologies for identifying pathogens, particularly in the biothreat area. In this study, a universal set of short 12- and 13-mer oligonucleotide probes was derived independently of a priori genomic sequence information and used to generate unique species-dependent genomic hybridization signatures. The probe set sequences were algorithmically generated to be maximally distant in sequence space and not dependent on the sequence of any particular genome. The probe set is universally applicable because it is unbiased and independent of hybridization predictions based upon simplified assumptions regarding probe-target duplex formation from linear sequence analysis. Tests were conducted on microarrays containing 14,283 unique probes synthesized using an in situ light-directed synthesis methodology. The genomic DNA hybridization intensity patterns reproducibly differentiated various organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Yersinia pestis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus anthracis, and Homo sapiens), including the correct identification of a blinded "unknown" sample. Applications of this method include not only pathological and forensic genome identification in medicine and basic science, but also potentially a novel method for the discovery of unknown targets and associations inherent in dynamic nucleic acid populations such as represented by differential gene expression.
 ...
PMID:Organism identification using a genome sequence-independent universal microarray probe set. 1551 77

The author's presentation constituted a survey of the control of contagious diseases at Danish AI stations. The control is performed in accordance with EU regulations and requires documented freedom from Aujeszky's disease, Classical Swine Fever and Brucellosis (based on blood testing) before transfer to quarantine sections and to AI stations. The Danish regulations regarding Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) are described for both sero-positive and sero-negative stations. At some stations, all boars are vaccinated against both American PRRS (Ingelvac PRRS vet.) and European PRRS (Progressis vet.), and are subsequently sero-positive for PRRS. The period from vaccination until the time that semen can be used is described, and the reason for its length is explained. Furthermore, the process applied when distinguishing Yersinia from Brucellosis reactions is described. The purpose of this control is to prevent Yersinia-positive herds that supply boars from compromising supplies from Yersinia-negative herds through cross-reactions with Brucellosis. The vaccinations required before transfer to isolation and AI stations (Glasser's disease, pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, erysipelas and PPV) as well as vaccinations done regularly at the AI stations (erysipelas and PPV) are described. Finally, a survey is presented of other diseases found at Danish AI stations (primarily pneumonia and leg problems) and their medical treatment.
 ...
PMID:Management of disease control and epidemics in AI in Denmark. 1562 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>