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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During pregnancy seven minimum-disease sows (group A) were infected intranasally with Bordetella bronchiseptica, fed with the killed bacterium periodically and inoculated parenterally with a dead vaccine eight, six and two weeks before parturition. Groups B and C, isolated from A until farrowing, contained respectively six sows given the vaccine parenterally and eight control sows. At parturition, group A had much higher average agglutinin titres in the serum and colostrum than B or C. Group A sows gave their piglets a better passive protection against infection with B bronchiseptica strain 293 and its effects in the respiratory tract during the first eight weeks of life, especially in those exposed to spontaneous infection with bordetellae from a littermate deliberately inoculated intranasally 24 hours after birth. Passive antibody strongly affected the capacity of piglets to respond actively to parenteral vaccination (when seven and 28 days old), marked humoral responses being noted only in those from group C sows. Vaccination of piglets exposed to infection by contact reduced neither the prevalence or intensity of the nasal infection, the amount of turbinate atrophy or pneumonia nor significantly improved weight gain compared with unvaccinated littermates. Unlike their eight-week-old littermates there was little hypoplasia and no pneumonia in infected pigs (whether vaccinated or not) when they reached five months of age.
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PMID:Immunisation of pigs against experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica. 711 61

The virulence of 17 isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica from 13 pig herds was compared by intranasal infection of gnotobiotic piglets and LD50 tests on mice. Of 59 piglets given 8.1-10-5 log 10 colony-forming units (cfu) of isolates from two herds with atrophic rhinitis (AR isolates) or isolates from six unaffected herds (non-AR isolates), 16 died of acute pneumonia; the survivors developed non-progressive turbinate hypoplasia and chronic pneumonia. Infection of 11 piglets with c. 3.0 log to cfu of three AR isolates or three non-AR isolates caused turbinate hypoplasia, but only slight pneumonia and no deaths. There were no significant differences between the virulence of AR and non-AR isolates in piglets. In LD50 tests in mice, there were no significant differences between the results from six AR isolates and six non-AR isolates, or from toxin prepared from two AR isolates and one non-AR isolates was fairly uniform, and that other factors must be responsible for the occurrence of progressive lesions of atrophic rhinitis in some but not all infected herds.
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PMID:Virulence of Bordetella bronchiseptica from pigs with or without atrophic rhinitis. 714 18

A field trial was conducted to assess the value of medicated early weaning for obtaining pigs free from some of the pathogens endemic in their herd of origin. The trial comprised 51 sows from a closed herd, which were farrowed in an isolated farrowing house in seven separate groups. The sows in each group were bred at the same time and induced to farrow on the same day. Their thriftiest piglets were weaned at five days of age and moved to an isolated early-weaning unit. At about six weeks of age they were moved to one of three isolated grow-out units where they were held to slaughter weight. Sows in five of the groups were dosed with high levels of tiamulin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide preparations from their entry into the farrowing house until their biggest piglets were weaned. Their piglets were dosed with similar drugs from birth until 10 days of age. The first and seventh groups of sows and their litters were not medicated. Tests were carried out on pigs aged five to 11 weeks, on slaughter pigs, and on pigs which died or were killed at different ages, for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and colonic treponemes, which were readily detectable in the herd of origin. No evidence could be found of mycoplasma or bordetella. Colonic treponemes were recovered from some of the pigs at slaughter, but not from younger pigs. Thirty-seven boars and gilts from the medicated groups were introduced into 11 herds thought to be free of enzootic pneumonia and 13 were introduced into three herds which had enzootic pneumonia. No subsequent signs of enzootic pneumonia were noted in 10 of the enzootic pneumonia-free herds.
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PMID:Medicated early weaning to obtain pigs free from pathogens endemic in the herd of origin. 744 26

Three groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) lambs were inoculated intratracheally with an ovine isolate of Bordetella parapertussis (5.5 x 10(9) colony-forming units) or with B. parapertussis followed 2 or 5 days later with Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2 (120-180 million colony-forming units). When P. haemolytica A2 was administered 2 days after infection with B. parapertussis all lambs became febrile for at least 72 h. At necropsy their lungs were discoloured, congested and showed large areas of collapse and consolidation which, in one case, covered the entire lung. Histopathological examination confirmed that the combined infection produced a severe acute bronchopneumonia in four of seven lambs. B. parapertussis and P. haemolytica were recovered from all of the lambs in this group. Seven lambs challenged with P. haemolytica 5 days after B. parapertussis and six lambs infected with B. parapertussis alone showed no clinical signs of disease other than mild pyrexia and only mild histopathological changes. B. parapertussis, but not P. haemolytica, was recovered from these lambs. The findings indicated that B. parapertussis predisposed the SPF lambs to P. haemolytica pneumonia. This effect appeared to be dependent upon the time interval between the administration of the two agents.
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PMID:Predisposition of specific pathogen-free lambs to Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia by Bordetella parapertussis infection. 759 60

Bordetella spp. cause respiratory tract diseases in warm-blooded animals. Only Bordetella bronchiseptica has been reported to cause bacteremia in humans, and this rare infection usually occurs with pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. We describe "Bordetella hinzii" bacteremia in an AIDS patient without a respiratory illness. Combining biochemical phenotyping with fatty acid analysis permitted preliminary identification of this previously undescribed pathogen; identity was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization. This report extends the spectrum of human infections caused by the bordetellae.
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PMID:Bacteremia caused by a novel Bordetella species, "B. hinzii". 781

The problems of an etiotropic approach to the choice of antibiotics in the treatment of infants remain actual and require their solution which is evident from the example of some usual affections: intrahospital pneumonia of newborns, pneumonia of infant outpatients, purulent meningitis, etc. The practice of irrational therapy of some children infections such as streptococcal angina and scarlet fever, whooping cough, intestinal infections, otitis media purulenta, sinusitis is rather common. Attention should be paid to the organization of the bacteriological services and the increase of the physicians qualification in the field of antibiotic therapy and clinical microbiology. It is advisable that chemotherapeutists be included in the staff of certain general hospitals.
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PMID:[Use of antibiotics in pediatrics]. 803 80

Bordetella bronchiseptica is recognised as a respiratory tract pathogen in many mammalian species, but has rarely been implicated in human infection. A case is reported of pneumonia caused by B bronchiseptica in a patient suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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PMID:Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a patient with AIDS. 806 71

The family Pasteurellaceae Pohl contains Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and fermentative bacteria of the genera Pasteurella, Haemophilus, and Actinobacillus. Approximately 20 different species of the genus Pasteurella have been identified using phenotypic and genetic analyses. Of these species, P. multocida and P. haemolytica are the most prominent pathogens in domestic animals causing severe diseases and major economic losses in the cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry industries. Mechanisms of immunity to these bacteria have been difficult to determine, and efficacious vaccines have been a challenge to develop and evaluate. Pasteurella multocida of serogroups A and D are mainly responsible for disease in North American poultry and pigs and to a lesser extent in cattle. Fowl cholera in chickens and turkeys is caused by various serotypes of P. multocida serogroup A and characterized by acute septicemia and fibrinous pneumonia or chronic fibrinopurulent inflammation of various tissues. Current biologicals in use are live P. multocida vaccines and bacterins. Potency tests for avian P. multocida biologicals are a bacterial colony count for vaccines and vaccination and challenge of birds for bacterins. Somatic antigens, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS), appear to be of major importance in immunity. In North American cattle, P. multocida serogroup A is associated mainly with bronchopneumonia (enzootic pneumonia) in young calves; however, it is occasionally isolated from fibrinous pleuropneumonia of feedlot cattle (shipping fever). Biologicals currently available are modified-live vaccines and bacterins. The potency test for vaccines is bacterial colony counts. The test for bacterin potency is vaccination and challenge of mice. Important immunogens have not been well characterized for P. multocida infection in cattle. In swine, P. multocida infection is sometimes associated with pneumonia; however, its major importance is in atrophic rhinitis. A protein toxin (dermonecrotic toxin), produced by toxigenic strains of P. multocida types A and D, and concurrent infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica appear to be the major factors in development of atrophic rhinitis. Currently available biologicals are bacterins and inactivated toxins (toxoids). The toxin appears to be the major immunogen for preventing atrophic rhinitis. There are, however, no standardized requirements for potency testing of P. multocida type D toxoid. Various serotypes of P. haemolytica biotype A are responsible for severe fibrinous pleuropneumonia of cattle and sheep, occasionally septicemia of lambs, and mastitis in ewes. Several serotypes of P. haemolytica biotype T are isolated from acute septicemia of lambs. The currently available P. haemolytica biologicals are modified-live vaccines, bacterins, bacterial surface extracts, and culture supernates that contain an exotoxin (leukotoxin).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunogens of Pasteurella. 811 91

This study related respiratory illness documented in the first 2 yr of life to the lung function of 618 men and women with a mean age of 70 yr living in Derbyshire, England. Pneumonia before 2 yr of age was associated with a lower mean FEV1, adjusted for age and height. In men, the difference was -0.65L (95% CI: -1.02, -0.29; p = 0.0005). This estimate did not diminish after adjustment for smoking and asthma. In women, the reduction in mean FEV1 associated with pneumonia before 2 yr of age was smaller and nonsignificant. Bronchitis, measles, and whooping cough before 2 yr of age were not associated with diminished adult lung function in either sex. The findings in men support a causal relationship between pneumonia in early childhood and COPD in late adult life.
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PMID:The relationship between pneumonia in early childhood and impaired lung function in late adult life. 811 27

A field study was carried out in a large scale unit for swine breeding and fattening with the object to influence the high morbidity rate of Atrophic Rhinitis and pneumonia with the help of a Bordetella live vaccine. The results show that it is possible to decrease the infectious pressure by B. bronchiseptica and to reduce the pathomorphological signs of Atrophic Rhinitis in consequence of the application of the live vaccine. The pathologic-anatomical investigations of nasal turbinates in immunized slaughtered fattening pigs show a significant lower morbidity concerning Atrophic Rhinitis and a higher percentage of pigs without changes at conchae nasales and septum nasi. We find also a lower contamination of the air with B. bronchiseptica field strains during vaccine application. The results also explain that a high infectious pressure by B. bronchiseptica and the possibility of communication between unvaccinated and vaccinated groups of pigs counteract a better efficiency of the vaccine. The decrease of the morbidity rate of Atrophic Rhinitis appears so much more important because toxicogenic Pasteurella multocida strains were isolated from nasal swabs of vaccinated pigs during the investigations. But these strains influenced the Atrophic Rhinitis frequency only accidentally. All results as a whole point out that in pig houses with a high animal density one has to pay more attention to virulent B. bronchiseptica strains than it was been done till now.
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PMID:[The effect of a Bordetella live vaccine on the occurrence and manifestation of atrophic rhinitis suum and the aerogenous infection burden in field strains of the agent]. 822 36


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