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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From a national cohort of 8,806 children examined at ages seven, 11 and 16 years (National Child Development Study), data on asthma or wheezing illness (AW) were analyzed to describe its natural history in childhood and its risk factors. Factors found to predict the subsequent onset of asthma included male sex of child, mother's age at the child's birth, pneumonia, whooping cough, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, allergic rhinitis, eczema and periodic abdominal pain/vomiting attacks. A wide range of perinatal factors, including feeding practices, and social and family factors were shown to have no effect on natural history.
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PMID:Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age. Evidence from a national cohort study. 358 54

Autogenous bacterins are recommended to protect guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) against pneumonia due to Bordetella bronchiseptica. Bordetella vaccines are available commercially for several other animal species. The substantial antigenic cross-reactivity among Bordetella isolates from various animal species suggests that immunity resulting from use of these vaccines might protect guinea pigs. Groups of ten individually housed Hartley guinea pigs from a colony free of Bordetella were vaccinated with one of two commercial porcine B. bronchiseptica vaccines, a human DPT vaccine (which includes a Bordetella pertussis component), or an autogenous B. bronchiseptica bacterin. Twenty-one days following vaccination, the animals were challenged with an intranasal dose of 10(6) virulent B. bronchiseptica cells. The animals were euthanized and necropsied 15 days after challenge. The nares, nasopharynx, distal trachea and lungs were cultured. All nonvaccinated control animals developed acute signs of pneumonia, while none of the vaccinated animals developed clinical signs of disease or gross lesions. The frequency of B. bronchiseptica isolation from the lungs of animals in each vaccine group was reduced. However, approximately 70% of all animals in each vaccine group harbored B. bronchiseptica in the trachea, and almost all harbored B bronchiseptica in the nares and nasopharynx. The porcine vaccines appeared to afford protection against acute pulmonary disease in the guinea pig.
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PMID:Efficacy of commercial vaccines for protecting guinea pigs against Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia. 359 89

To evaluate the efficacy of a commercial bacterial vaccine in protecting Strain 13 guineapigs against fatal Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia, it was necessary to establish the infectivity and disease pathogenesis induced by virulent organisms. When guineapigs were exposed to small-particle aerosols of varying concentrations of virulent B. bronchiseptica, a spectrum of disease was produced that ranged from inapparent illness to fulminant bronchopneumonia. Clinical signs began by day 4 after exposure, and were evidenced by anorexia, weight loss, respiratory distress and serous to purulent nasal discharge. Pathological alterations were limited to the respiratory system. Moribund animals exhibited a suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia and necrotizing tracheitis. In animals that survived the challenge, the bacteria were eliminated from the lungs by day 28 but continued to persist in the laryngeal area and the trachea. The median infectious dose and the median lethal dose were estimated to be 4 colony-forming units (CFU) and 1314 CFU respectively. These data suggest that the guineapig will be a valuable model system in which to study interactions between Bordetella species and host cells as well as to evaluate potential B. bronchiseptica immunogens.
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PMID:Airborne-induced experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in strain 13 guineapigs. 362 70

This case report describes two episodes of pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. There was discrepancy between the in vitro sensitivity testing of the organism and subsequent clinical response to several antimicrobial agents. Human infection with B bronchiseptica is almost always associated with severe underlying disease and contact with an appropriate animal reservoir.
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PMID:Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 362 25

The incidence and prognosis of childhood asthma and wheezing illness (AW) was studied using data obtained at ages 7, 11, and 16 from a national cohort of 8806 children born in 1958. By the age of 16, 24.7% were reported to have experienced at least one episode of AW. In 18.3% AW had started before the age of 8, but only 4.2% continued to have symptoms in later childhood. A further 3.6% began to have AW between the ages of 8 and 11, and 2.8% began between the ages of 12 and 16. Of those with AW at age 7, 28.3% had symptoms at 11 and 16.5% at 16; these proportions were about doubled if AW at 7 had been severe. The associations between natural history and a large number of perinatal, social, environmental, and medical factors were examined. Those which predicted the onset of AW after the age of 7 were: male sex of child; mother aged 15-19 at child's birth; history of pneumonia, whooping cough, throat or ear infections or tonsillectomy; eczema, allergic rhinitis; and periodic vomiting or abdominal pain.
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PMID:The natural history of asthma in childhood. 374 73

The antibacterial effects of a combination of tiamulin and chlortetracycline in vitro against a number of field isolates of Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica were examined. There was a marked synergism between the two antibiotics against all eight isolates of P multocida, against seven of nine isolates of H pleuropneumoniae and against the single strain of B bronchiseptica tested. Two field trials were carried out on a herd with a history of complicated enzootic pneumonia where the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and P multocida had been established and subsequently the presence of H pleuropneumoniae was discovered. Feed containing tiamulin at 100 ppm combined with chlortetracycline at 300 ppm was given for seven days to pigs affected with pneumonia, and the results were compared with untreated controls and pigs receiving chlortetracycline at 300 ppm. There was a follow-up observation period of three weeks when all groups received unmedicated feed. During the medication period the combination treated groups showed a statistically significant increase in average daily weight gain of 156 g (20.4 per cent) and in feed conversion efficiency of 0.576 (20.8 per cent) and a numerical improvement in average disease score in comparison with the untreated controls. These improvements were approximately double those observed in the groups treated with 300 ppm chlortetracycline which showed improvements of 93 g (12.2 per cent) in average daily gain and 0.301 (10.9 per cent) in feed conversion efficiency. During the following three weeks most of the initial gains were lost, probably owing to the reinfection of the treated groups by the untreated controls.
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PMID:The synergistic activity of tiamulin and chlortetracycline: in-feed treatment of bacterially complicated enzootic pneumonia in fattening pigs. 375 Jul 92

Four hundred and sixty admissions for whooping cough to three hospitals between 1974-9 were reviewed. Many children had a long illness. More than half of them had severe or moderately severe coughing spasms and a quarter had pronounced feeding difficulties. The incidence of clinical pneumonia and convulsions was low and there were no deaths. The disease continues to be much more severe in infancy. There was some evidence that the disease declined in severity over the period studied. A number of factors including increased use of erythromycin may have contributed to this change.
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PMID:The severity of whooping cough in hospitalised children--is it declining? 398 82

Eight groups of 12-to 24-hour-old pigs were procured from a respiratory disease-free herd of swine and reared in isolation using a box-rearing procedure. They were inoculated intranasally at 3 days of age with different isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica. It was found at necropsy 4 weeks post-inoculation that 4 isolates of swine origin, an isolate of rabbit origin and an isolate of cat origin caused mild to moderate turbinate atrophy in 22 of 24 pigs. An isolate of rat origin caused mild turbinate atrophy in 1 of 4 pigs and an isolate of dog origin caused no turbinate atrophy. Pneumonia was present in most of the pigs inoculated with the swine, cat and rabbit isolates. Bordetella bronchiseptica was recovered in heavy growth from the nasal and tracheal exudate collected at necropsy from pigs inoculated with the 4 isolates of swine origin and the isolate of cat origin. Fewer organisms were isolated from nasal exudate collected from pigs inoculated with the rat, dog and rabbit isolates.
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PMID:Comparison of pathogenicity of various isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica in young pigs. 422 61

Forty-two cases of canine pneumonia were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus. For that purpose canine distemper virus inclusion bodies were located. The histopathological lesions were related to the presence of canine distemper antigen, as demonstrated with an immunoperoxidase technique. This technique was more sensitive for detecting canine distemper infection in lung tissue than was the study of inclusion bodies. Attention was also paid to combined infection with canine adenovirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase study of canine distemper virus pneumonia. 630 34

The results of a survey of the major pathological conditions encountered in an established breeding colony of common cotton-eared marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) is presented. 265 home-bred and 70 imported wild-caught marmosets were examined. A Heinz body haemolytic anaemia and skeletal muscle myopathy were the most common pathological findings and were considered to be a result of a complex nutritional deficiency involving vitamin E, selenium and protein. Inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract was also a major feature. Chronic colitis was particularly common in older marmosets. Pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and brain abscesses were important pathological findings in home-bred marmosets and were commonly associated with bacterial infections, particularly Bordetella bronchiseptica and Klebsiella species. Trichospirura leptostoma within pancreatic ducts of wild-caught marmosets was the only significant parasitic disease encountered. Mycotic infections of the upper alimentary tract with Candida species were occasional findings in debilitated animals. No pathological features suggesting viral diseases were found.
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PMID:A survey of the pathology of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) derived from a marmoset breeding unit. 643 Nov 78


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