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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and prematurity were features in these patients. Three infants died, two within 12 hours of diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of three of the mothers; in two, the serotype was identical to that recovered from their infants. Clinical features of neonatal pneumococcal sepsis are similar to those of early-onset group B streptococcal infection. Like the group B Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae acquired from the maternal vagina is a potential life-threatening pathogen in the newborn period.
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PMID:Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. 1 25

In a study of infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis in infants, chlamydiae were recovered not only from the conjunctiva and respiratory tract but also from the vagina and rectum. The timing of recovery suggested that the vagina and conjunctivae are exposed to chlamydiae at birth and that pneumonia and gastrointestinal infection occur later. Sampling of the rectum may be a useful procedure for the diagnosis of chlamydial disease in infants.
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PMID:Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: involvement of multiple anatomic sites in neonates. 43 36

In a non-randomized study the efficacy of itraconazole in preventing fungal infections in neutropenic patients was investigated. Forty-seven patients with acute leukemia or advanced lymphoblastic lymphoma were enrolled. Ninety-two episodes of severe neutropenia after chemotherapy were observed. Mean duration of neutropenia was 24 days. Norfloxacin was administered as prophylaxis against gram-negative infections and itraconazole 200 mg b.i.d. as antifungal prophylaxis. Surveillance cultures of throat, urine, feces and vagina or prepuce were performed regularly. Four patients died, two patients due to heart failure, two patients due to staphylococcal pneumonia. Only in one case Candida albicans was cultured from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. No systemic mycosis or Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia was documented. In a similar group of patients treated in the preceding 18 months nystatin was used as antifungal prophylaxis. In this group of patients six cases of Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia, two cases of Candida albicans fungemia and one case of Candida glabrata pneumonia occurred of which six patients died. Itraconazole seems to be effective in preventing fungal infections in neutropenic patients and is well tolerated.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of itraconazole in prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients. 166 Jan 8

An outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes infection occurred in a colony of 800 Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs resulting in 364 (46%) deaths involving breeders, sucklings, weaners, but mainly adults used as a source of blood meals for haematophagus flies (Glossina palpalis). Clinical signs included bleeding from the nose, mouth and vagina before death. Necropsy revealed pneumonia with consolidation of one or both lungs, haemopericardium and haemothorax. There were yellowish-grey deposits in the urinary bladder of more than 50% of both affected breeders and adults used for feeding haematophagus flies. Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in pure culture from many tissues including the urinary bladder. The survivors were treated with oxytetracycline (Terramycin-LA; Pfizer) using the intra-muscular route and the response was good.
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PMID:An outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes infection associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). 185 1

Even though the isolation rate of Candida species in the vagina stands at 30% during pregnancy, only 8 cases of candida sepsis connected with pregnancy were documented as of early 1991. Effective antifungal treatment began in 1956 and the 1st reported case was in 1954. She and the next 2 cases (1962 and 1971) did not recover. Possible predisposing factors in the 8 cases included antibiotic treatment, especially those in the beta lactam group; and IUD in situ; and intravenous (IV) line; or a urinary catheter. (Presumably antibiotics encourage C. albicans growth and pathogenicity. Foreign objects provide a portal of entry or a foothold for Candida.) In fact, a combination of these factors probably fostered candida sepsis in 4 cases. The 4 mildest cases experienced fever and impaired liver functions or reduced vision. 1 case had a hysterectomy. 2 had generalized convulsions. The 4 more severe cases experienced pneumonia, acute renal failure, osteomyelitis, or shock. In Haifa, Israel, physicians admitted a 24 year old woman with a fever to the Bnai Zion Medical Center for a presumed septic abortion at 15 weeks gestation. They performed a dilation and curettage (D&C) which included removal of an IUD. Laboratory personnel cultured the contents and later blood since her temperature rose .7 degrees. They started IV antibiotic treatment to no avail. Later her temperature hit 40 degrees Celsius and on day 5 she had convulsions. 1 blood sample and D&C materials grew C. albicans. They also observed multiple chorioretinal cotton wool lesions typical of Candida. They changed her medication to the antifungal medication, amphotericin B. Before discharge, they also prescribed 5-fluorocytosine. She had decreased hearing in the right ear, many hot spots over the iliac crests and thoracic vertebrae, and almost complete destruction of the body of D7 in the spine. She completely recovered.
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PMID:Candida sepsis in pregnancy and the postpartum period. 201 14

Investigations of nursery outbreaks of Citrobacter diversus sepsis and meningitis have been hampered by lack of adequate epidemiologic markers for the organism. We studied outer membrane protein profiles from clinical isolates of C. diversus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether this method might be useful in the epidemiologic differentiation of strains. Paired cerebrospinal fluid isolates from each of three separate nursery outbreaks of C. diversus meningitis, paired isolates from the vagina of a postpartum woman and the cerebrospinal fluid of her newborn infant, one isolate from an infant with pneumonia and two from colonized nursery cohorts, and 30 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates were included. Eleven distinct profiles were differentiated by the presence or absence of five outer membrane proteins. Complete concordance of profiles was observed for epidemiologically related isolates. Unrelated epidemic strains had outer membrane protein profiles distinct from one another. Biotyping complemented determination of outer membrane protein profiles; the two markers differentiated each of the five epidemic strains from all but one of 30 unrelated nonepidemic isolates. Determination of outer membrane protein profiles is potentially useful in epidemiologic investigations of disease caused by C. diversus.
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PMID:Epidemiologic marker system for Citrobacter diversus using outer membrane protein profiles. 267 Oct 30

Nonimmune binding of immunoglobulin to whole bacteria was quantitated for North American isolates of Haemophilus somnus recovered from cattle with pneumonia, reproductive failure (abortion), or thromboembolic meningoencephalitis or from the vagina or prepuce of carrier cattle. Quantitative binding activity covered a wide range, with most pathogenic and carrier isolates demonstrating significant immunoglobulin-Fc binding. Isolates for which Fc binding was not detectable were recovered only from the prepuces of asymptomatic bulls. Expression of Fc-binding activity correlated with the presence of the 41,000-molecular-weight protein (41K protein) and 270K protein. Isolates that lacked Fc-binding activity did not possess 41K or 270K protein. A 33K protein was detected in isolates that lacked Fc-binding activity but not in isolates that bound Fc.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin-binding activity among pathogenic and carrier isolates of Haemophilus somnus. 291

The serum susceptibility of 64 isolates of Haemophilus somnus from cattle was determined in a bactericidal assay with undiluted fresh or inactivated bovine serum with serial dilutions of bacterial suspension in RPMI 1640 medium. A total of 27 strains isolated from cattle with clinical disease (4 with thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, 13 with pneumonia, and 10 with reproductive failure) were compared with 35 strains from asymptomatic carriers (11 from the vagina and 24 from the prepuce). Essentially, all clinical isolates were serum resistant, whereas approximately 25% of preputial isolates were serum susceptible, as judged after 1 h of incubation in serum; a majority of vaginal isolates showed delayed serum susceptibility. Lysozyme played no role in serum killing, and the alternative complement pathway played only a minor role. Iron saturation, however, appeared to impart greater serum resistance to serum-susceptible strains from the vagina and prepuce. Perhaps the serum-susceptible strains from carriers would be useful vaccine candidates, but resistant strains from carriers may be pathogenic.
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PMID:Serum susceptibility of Haemophilus somnus from bovine clinical cases and carriers. 403 Oct 34

Infections in patients with gynecologic malignancies occur frequently and are the cause of death in 50 to 60% of the cases. The patient with cancer is a compromised host with an increased susceptibility to infection due to the malignancy itself on the one hand and due to therapeutic-modalities, like extensive surgical procedures, radiation- and cytotoxic chemotherapy on the other hand. Aetiologically these infections are mostly due to a disruption of anatomic structures which normally prevent the invasion of exogenous or endogenous microorganisms, or to obstructive processes or to tumour necrosis. Septicaemia can result from propagation of such a localized infection beyond the site of the tumour. The causative pathogens infecting the compromised host are mostly members of the indigenous microbial flora of the genital tract, which is influenced by surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy. Postoperatively in the vaginal vault the number of most potentially pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species is higher, polymicrobial mixed infections are frequent. Neither the intracavitary radiation-therapy with Radium or Iridium-192 (afterloading) nor the external high-voltage therapy decrease the number of pathogenic bacterial species in the uterus and in the vagina of patients with cervical or endometrial cancer. The symptoms of infection in cancer patients can be "masked". Fever in patients with genital malignancies is mostly due to local infections and influences the prognosis negatively. The 5-year survival rate of irradiated patients with fever is significantly lower. Infections following radical hysterectomy, irradiation and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy like pelvic abscesses, peritonitis, pneumonia and septicaemia can be fatal. Urinary-tract-, wound- and vaginal vault-infections occur frequently, but are rarely severe. Therapeutically in severe infections a combination antibiotic therapy, which is effective against most pathogenic members of the genital flora, is required. Short courses of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics are useful both in radical hysterectomy and with intracavitary irradiation.
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PMID:[Infections in patients with gynecologic malignancies]. 641 69

Your recent lead article on toxic shock and tampons (November 1, p. 1161) prompts me to report a case of pelvic infection and staphylococcal septicemia 8 days after the insertion of a Lippes loop. Pelvic infection is a recognized complication of IUDs; although there have been 2 reports of endocarditis occurring in susceptible patients following the insertion of an IUD, septicemia is rare. A previously healthy 31-year old married woman had a loop inserted at a family planning clinic. 3 days later she developed sweating, vomiting, confusion, and cough and during the following 48 hours became disoriented with hallucinations. She was referred to the hospital with suspected encephalitis and on admission was febrile (38.8 degrees Celsius) and stuporose but responded to simple commands. Blood pressure was 95/60 mmHg but there were no other abnormal signs. Hemoglobin was 12.2 g/dl, white blood count 4.0x109/1 (80% neutrophils), erythrocyte sedimentation rate 70mm in the 1st hour; cerebrospinal fluid normal. Chest x-ray examination revealed patchy consolidation in the upper lobes of both lungs and an electroencephalogram showed bilateral nonspecific abnormality. 3 blood cultures taken on admission yielded penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. She was treated with high-dose intravenous cloxacillin and 24 hours after starting the antibiotic had improved markedly and the IUD was removed. Culture from the coil and also from a high vaginal swab yielded Staph aureus with a similar antibiogram to that of the organism cultured from the blood. Subsequent recovery was uneventful, although repeat chest x-ray examination showed small abscess cavities in the upper lobes of both lungs. The patient was discharged 4 weeks after admission and serial chest radiographs have confirmed complete resolution of the pneumonia and abscesses. There is little doubt that this patients' septicemia with lung abscess formation and encephalopathy originated in the genital tract. The patient was both toxic and shocked but was different from patients with the recently described toxic shock syndrome in that her blood culture was positive for Staph aureus. The case provides another example of the importance of this organism as a cause of infection associated with the insertion of foreign bodies into or through the vagina.
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PMID:Staphylococcal septicaemia after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. 744 49


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