Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cosmetics are a frequent cause of contact dermatitis, not only in females but also in males. Men use cosmetics in the form of deodorant, hair dye and aftershave lotions. U.S.A men spent more than 6,000,000,000 million dollars in cosmetic products. Responsible substances of contact dermatitis are unidentified in many occasions, what impedes the estimation of morbidity data. It is calculated that 2-4% of dermatological consultations are due to contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics. The Spanish industry manufactures each year articles valued in several thousands of million pesetas, 14% of which are exported. Annual manufacturing is raising between 10 and 11%. The French journal Cosmetology (IMS) pointed as an example the fact that in the third trimester of 1978, the number of sold products was as follows: 87,880 units of cleansing milk; 128,020 creams; 237,200 tonics; 10,228 lip protectors. The Committee of European Unions for Perfumery and Cosmetology (COLIPA) reported in 1978 a yearly sale in Europe of 225,000,000 units of hair dyes, exclusively. Adverse reactions to cosmetics affect not only the skin in the form of irritant or contact dermatitis, but cases of conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, rhinitis, angioedema, pneumonitis and anaphylaxis-like reactions due to cosmetic products, mainly hair bleaching agents, perm liquids and hair spray, have been also reported. The present work studied the prevalence of sensitizations to cosmetic products on the professional staff of a beauty salon in our city of Las Palmas (SEM). Twenty people came to our Unit of Allergology to fill a questionnaire and undergo a skin test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of cosmetic sensitivity among beauticians]. 855 88

Azithromycin (AZM), a new macrolide antibiotic, in fine granules and in capsules was studied for pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation in the pediatric patients. Antibacterial activity of AZM against 43 clinical isolates: AZM exhibited slightly lower activity against Gram-positive bacteria and 2-8-fold higher activity against Gram-negative bacteria than erythromycin or clarithromycin. Plasma or urine samples were collected from eight patients receiving the drug in fine granular form, and two patients receiving it in capsules for the determination of drug levels. The elimination half-lives of AZM after administration at dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days were 50.0 and 51.2 hours for fine granules, and 41.5 hours for capsules. AUC0-infinity was 11.7 and 24.3 micrograms.hr/ml for fine granules, and 8.3 micrograms.hr/ml for capsules. The cumulative excretion rates up to 120 hours after the start of treatment were 8.24 and 13.84% for fine granules, and 3.83% for capsules. AZM was administered to 123 patients once daily at 3.7-20.0 mg/kg body weight over 3 to 5 days with reference to the standard dose of 10 mg/kg. The drug was used to treat patients with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, chlamydial pneumonia, otitis media, pertussis, intestinal infection, and SSTI. The effectiveness of AZM was evaluated in 109 cases. The drug was rated "excellent" in 65.1% of the patients and "good" in 29.4%, resulting in an efficacy rate of 94.5%. Furthermore, AZM eradicated 43 of 46 (93.5%) bacteria that had been identified before the treatment. Three patients complained of side effects of urticaria (1 case) and diarrhea (2 cases). Abnormal laboratory changes were reported as follows: decreased leukocyte (3 cases), increased eosinophil (5), increased platelet (2), increased eosinophil and platelet, elevated GPT (1), and elevated GOT and GPT (1). The abnormalities, however, were mild enough to raise no clinically significant problems. In conclusion, AZM in once daily regimen was effective and safe in treatment of pediatric infections.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin in the pediatric field]. 898 53

Fine granules or capsules of azithromycin (AZM) were given to 32 pediatric patients for the treatment of the following diseases: pharyngitis in three cases; tonsillitis in one; bronchitis in six; pneumonia in six; mycoplasmal pneumonia in 14; pertussis and enteritis in one, each. Effectiveness of AZM was evaluated in 30 cases and the drug was rated "excellent" in 18 patients, "good" in 11 and "fair" in one, resulting in a total efficacy rate of 96.7%. Three strains of bacteria were isolated from 3 patients as the causative organisms including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, from three different patients, respectively. One patient complained of mild diarrhea, another patient mild urticaria. Abnormal laboratory test results were reported as follows: one patient showed a slight decrease in leukocyte count, three patients showed slight increases in eosinophils, and one patient had slight elevations in GOT and GPT. The above results suggest that AZM is a useful antibiotic drug in the treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on azithromycin in pediatrics]. 898 57

The clinical efficacy and tolerance of cefpirome were estimated in the treatment of patients with bacterial infection of the respiratory tract. The estimate included 15 patients with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases: 6 patients with acute pneumonia, 5 with exacerbated chronic purulent obstructive bronchitis and 4 with primary immune deficiency (agammaglobulinemia and acute pneumonia). Excellent and good total efficacy of the drug was stated in 6 and 8 patients respectively. In 1 patient the treatment was discontinued because of acute urticaria. Therefore, cefpirome is to be recommended as a highly efficient agent for the treatment of bronchopulmonary infection.
 ...
PMID:[Experience using cefpirome in patients with infections of the bronchopulmonary system]. 912 81

Step-by-step therapy of patients with pneumonia and exacerbated chronic bronchitis with amoxyclav (amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate) in a dose of 1.2 g administered intravenously dropwise every 8 hours for the first 2 days of the treatment with subsequent oral use of the drug in a dose of 625 mg thrice a day for 5 days proved to be highly efficient. The recovery and improvement were stated in 19 (95 per cent) out of 20 patients. The adverse reaction (urticaria) was observed in 1 patient. Identical results were recorded in a comparative randomized trial with the use of cefotaxime in a dose of 1.0 g intramuscularly every 8 hours for 7 days. The pharmacoeconomic estimate showed the expediency of the step-by-step therapy with the use of amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate.
 ...
PMID:[Amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate in inpatients with bronchopulmonary infections]. 941 97

This case presented the scenario of a patient who had severe bronchospasm from an unknown etiology. Further, she had difficulty speaking and denied any past medical history, which made a diagnosis more difficult. Prehospital providers were challenged with determining the differential diagnosis for bronchospasm and hypoxemia. Was the patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction, acute asthmatic attack or something else? The key here, once again, is conducting a thorough assessment and patient history. Remember, all that wheezes is not asthma; therefore, providers in this case had to determine if the patient was suffering something such as anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia or even congestive heart failure (CHF). Typically, anaphylaxis and asthma affect ventilation, not oxygenation, so until the late stages of anaphylaxis or asthma, the patient will have difficulty moving air, but will be oxygenating OK. We understand that many respiratory conditions can cause wheezing, but CHF? Yes: As left ventricular function diminishes and leads to increased pulmonary pressure, serum begins to leak out of the pulmonary vessels and into the interstitial space. As the interstitial pressure increases, it causes narrowing of the bronchioles, and air traveling through the narrowed bronchioles causes the wheezing sound. Fluid may also be leaking out of the pulmonary capillaries and occupying space in the alveolar sacs. When the interstitial pressure is high and the bronchioles continue to narrow, providers may initially hear only the wheezing and not the crackles from the smaller airways. In these conditions, oxygen is not exchanged adequately into the blood, and the patient becomes hypoxemic. Good assessment and patient history will guide the EMS provider to the cause of bronchospasm. For example, does the patient have a history of asthma? If yes, asthma is likely to be the cause. Does the patient have any rash, hives or swelling? If yes, anaphylaxis is likely the cause. Is the patient elderly, and does he/she show pedal edema, JVD, hypoxemia and/or distended neck veins? If yes, CHF may be the cause. [table: see text] There are questions regarding the use of bronchodilators in patients suffering CHF. If a CHF patient is wheezing (bronchospasm), then a beta-2 selective breathing treatment may be appropriate, along with nitrates and diuretics. Oxygenation is the critical problem in CHF, and hypoxemia will continue to worsen cardiac function. Remember, both bronchoconstriction and alveolar sacs filling with fluid will impair oxygenation of the RBCs and ultimately the vital organs. Focused prehospital management of CHF is aggressive in restoring oxygenation. For example, many agencies are now using oxygen, nitrates, ACE inhibitors and CPAP. By better understanding the pathophysiology of respiratory emergencies and their differential diagnosis, we will improve patient outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Breathless. 1196 14

There are few prospective studies of atopic dermatitis and co-existing diseases such as respiratory infections in children up to 2 years of age. Using annual questionnaires, we studied the cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis and concomitant symptoms indicating other atopic diseases and respiratory infections in 0-2-year-old children in a prospective birth cohort of 4089 children. We found associations between atopic dermatitis and asthma (ratio of proportion 1.45, 95% CI 1.16-1.80), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (RP 2.25, CI 1.77-2.85), adverse reactions to foods (RP 3.20, CI 2.83-3.62), urticaria (RP 2.04, CI 1.80-2.31), acute otitis media (RP 1.13, CI 1.05-1.21), more than one pneumonia during the first and/or second year of life (RP 2.17, CI 1.14-4.15), and use of antibiotics at least twice yearly (RP 1.29, CI 1.07-1.56). The association between atopic dermatitis and respiratory infections persisted after stratification for asthma. There was a higher proportion of atopic disease manifestations, but not respiratory infections, in children with onset of atopic dermatitis during the first year of life than during the second. The study shows that during the first 2 years of life there is a significant association not only between atopic dermatitis and other atopic disease manifestations, but also between atopic dermatitis and respiratory infections manifested in an increased rate of acute otitis media, pneumonia and use of antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:Atopic dermatitis and concomitant disease patterns in children up to two years of age. 1212 61

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a very rare variant of multiple myeloma (MM) occurring in about 2% of newly diagnosed patients. Plasma cell leukemia may develop during the course of MM (secondary PCL) or it can occur without any prior sign of MM (primary PCL). We report a case of aggressive primary PCL with unusual clinical, cytogenetic and molecular features. A 36-year-old male patient was first seen because of fever and bone pain. On the skin of his chest, back, abdomen, and palpebras, there were nodular infiltrations resembling urticaria. White blood cell count was 10.8 x 10(9)/l with 41% plasmacytes. Bone marrow aspiration was hypercellular, 93.5% of cells were atypical plasmacytes and plasmablasts. The cytogenetic analysis of G-banded chromosomes in bone marrow cells yielded the trisomy 8. The skin biopsy specimen showed intensive infiltrates of uninucleated blastic cells similar to those found in the bone marrow. Immunophenotyping of bone marrow and skin neoplastic cells showed CD45+, CD45Ro+, CD68+, CD38+ and cytoplasmic kappa light chain +. The neoplastic cells stained negatively for lambda light chain, CD3, CD20, CD30, EMA, CD15, CD34, CD56 and factor VIII. The pattern of IgL genes rearrangement in the bone marrow aspirate, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and skin specimens was examined by PCR analysis. All studied specimens showed three different IgK gene configurations suggesting that the neoplastic cells originated as a result of oligoclonal lymphoproliferation process. The patient received two courses of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) without improvement and three courses of CHOP with only temporary stabilization of the disease. He died 5 months after the diagnosis of PCL because of disease progression and pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Aggressive primary plasma cell leukemia with skin manifestations, trisomy 8 and molecular oligoclonal features. 1214 88

The results of the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with clarithromycin (500 mg bid for 6-8 days) at 172 patients (military recruits aged 18-25) are presented. Diagnosis, infection performance, treatment efficacy were evaluated by complex of data (X-ray, sputum analysis by bacteriological and cultural tests and immunochromatography test Binax NOW for pneumococcal antigen identification). High efficacy of clarithromycin for the treatment of moderate and mild pneumonia (including pneumococcal pneumonia) was demonstrated. Side effects were registered at 6.2 per cent of patients (gastro-intestinal disorders at 5 patients) and 1 general urticaria at 1 patient whose treatment had to be changed).
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of clarithromycin efficacy in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia on the basis of the Binax NOW test results (a prospective open trial)]. 1261 16

On March 16, 2000, a 37-year-old male was admitted to another hospital for fever, erythema of the limbs, and swelling of the right lower leg. The leukocyte count was 19,800/microliter, and the ratio of eosinophils was 61%, suggesting marked eosinophilia. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed pneumonia in the left lung. However, the patient was negative for autoantibodies or parasitic antibodies. Administration of prednisolone at 80 mg/day resulted in a marked improvement of the symptoms and the eosinophilia. For diagnosis, detailed examination, and treatment, the patient was referred and admitted to our department on March 28. The dose of prednisolone was gradually decreased. On April 15, the agent was discontinued. Eosinophilia was not observed, however erythema of the limbs and swelling of the right lower leg recurred. Skin biopsy revealed in mild edema of the corium and eosinophilic infiltration, suggesting episodic angioedema associated with eosinophilia (EAE). In 1984, Greich et al. reported 4 patients with repeated angioedema, hives, and marked eosinophilia, and proposed the term EAE. Since then, more than 50 patients have been reported in Japan. Only 4 of these patients were males. We report on the present male patient together with the pathological findings.
 ...
PMID:[Episodic angioedema associated with eosinophilia in relapsing erythema and swelling of the right thigh]. 1463 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>