Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was used to treat 19 patients with urinary tract infection and 5 with systemic infection. The causal organisms were Escherichia coli (in 2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (in 4), Serratia marcescens (in 12) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in 7); 1 patient was infected with two of these organisms. All the isolates of causal organisms except one of Serratia were initially sensitive to netilmicin but many were resistant to other aminoglycosides. Sixteen of the urinary tract infections responded to netilmicin therapy, although relapse occurred in three patients. Two of the three patients with musculoskeletal infection responded to combined therapy with surgery and netilmicin; the other patient responded to the same regimen but with carbenicillin added. Netilmicin cured pneumonia in one patient but failed in the other patient with pneumonia, who had leukemia. Superinfection occurred in five patients with urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions to netilmicin were minor. Netilmicin may prove to be a useful agent, particularly for infections due to multiresistant Klebsiella or Serratia, or when prolonged aminoglycoside therapy is required.
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PMID:Therapeutic experience with netilmicin. 10 97

Clindamycin-2-phosphate (7(S)-chloro-7-deoxylincomycin-2-phosphate) is a new semi-synthetic antibiotic. It is recognized that the drug itself is inactive against bacteria in vitro but it is hydrolyzed rapidly to active clindamycin, drug intramuscular or intravenous administration. Clindamycin-2-phosphate was administrated intravenously to seven patients with infections, except one intramuscularly, 300 approximately 600 mg, every 8 or 12 hours a day, for 2 approximately 12 days. Three patients (1 bacterial pneumonia, 1 chronic bronchitis and 1 urinary tract infection due to E. coli) recovered from their infection; one patient (bacterial infection in bronchiectasis) partially responded; and three patients (1 urinary tract infection due to E. coli, 1 pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and 1 patient with mycoplasmal pneumonia and acute biliary tract infection) failed to respond to the drug. No remarkable side effect was noted except pain at intramuscular injection site in one patient.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of clindamycin-2-phosphate in infectious diseases (author's transl)]. 32 Mar 61

The most common cause of death in patients taking immunosuppressive (IS) drugs is infection. Many of the microorganisms which infect these IS patients may be found in the mouth, but the mouth has not been investigated as a potential source of lethal infection. In view of this, we studied twenty-seven IS patients taking Imuran and prednisone for 6 to 61 weeks and eighteen normal controls. The patients were followed monthly, and the incidence of oral and systemic complications was recorded. There were no deaths due to infection during the 10-month study period. Oral infection occurred as frequently as pneumonia or urinary tract infection. Systemic factors which were related to the development of dental infection were lymphocyte count and length of time on immunosuppressive drug therapy.
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PMID:Oral infection in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. 32 58

A randomized prospective study of the relative effectiveness of broad-spectrum versus specific antistaphylococcal antibiotic prophylaxis in open-heart surgery was done between May 1972 and June 1973. All patients undergoing open-heart surgery were assigned randomly (by hospital number) to receive either methicillin (M) or cephalothin (C) beginning the night before operation. There were 132 patients in the C group and 129 in the M group. There were no statistically significant differences in age or duration of hospitalization, cardiopulmonary bypass, urinary tract drainage, or postoperative fever. There was a significant difference in the ratio of male to total patients (0.67 C, 0.52 M, P less than .02) and duration of operation in hours (4.27 C, 3.87 M, P less than .02). A statistically significant higher rate of urinary tract infection (3 C, 22 M, P less than .05), pneumonia (0 C, 9 M, P less than .01), and episodes of sepsis and prosthetic endo carditis (0 C, 11 M, P less than .001) was found in the methicillin group. The incidence of wound infections and positive cultures from blood obtained immediately after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass was not significantly different. Cephalothin replaced methicillin as the routine antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery at our institution.
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PMID:Open-heart surgery. 33 7

A nosocomial epidemic of multiply resistant (MR) Klebsiella pneumoniae characterized by resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin occurred in a Veterans Administration hospital from 1975 to 1977. A total of 66 infected or colonized patients were observed in a 2-year period; there were 43 urinary tract infections, 13 wound or soft tissue infections, 8 pneumonias, and 6 patients with only asymptomatic stool colonization. Four patients had both pneumonia and a urinary tract infection. There were five secondary bacteremias. The majority of MR K. pneumoniae strains were type 30, but types 17, 21, and 23 and nontypable organisms were also recovered. Other gram-negative bacilli with the same antibiotic resistance pattern were isolated from 14 patients. Seven MR K. pneumoniae and three resistant Escherichia coli isolates were shown to transfer resistance to E. coli K-12. MR K. pneumoniae-infected patients were seriously ill, had long hospitalization times (mean, 67 days), and were in close geographic proximity to other cases. Compared with controls, cases more frequently had prior antibiotic treatment and urinary catheters, but not respiratory instrumentation, nasogastric tubes, or antacid treatment. The apparent source of the outbreak was traced to an index case who entered the hospital with an MR K. pneumoniae urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic gastrointestinal carriage without infection elsewhere was infrequent (1.6% of cultured patients), but 78% of patients with MR K. pneumoniae infections at other sites also had the organism in their stools. Hospital antibiotic usage was unchanged before and during the outbreak. The identification of an index case and relative lack of asymptomatic stool carriers are unique features of this plasmid-mediated MR K. pneumoniae epidemic. Although this MR K. pneumoniae outbreak appeared to be controlled by the use of isolation techniques, a simultaneous increase in gentamicin resistance among other gram-negative organisms was observed.
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PMID:Nosocomial multiply resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology of an outbreak of apparent index case origin. 38 Apr 63

Clinical trials were carried out with cafamandole (sodium salt) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; 1. CMD was applied to 13 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient each with submandibular abscess, urinary tract infection and bacterial meningitis. 2. Results were excellent in 1 and good in 13 patients, being overall efficacy rate 93.3%. 3. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 patient. No other serious side effects were observed or reported.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefamandole in infants and children (author's transl)]. 38 95

Ninety-two patients with cancer with 100 infectious episodes were treated with netilmicin sulfate, a new aminoglycoside. Netilmicin was administered intravenously, either intermittently or by continuous infusion. The overall cure rate was 60%. Gram-negative bacilli were the most common causative organisms and the response rate for these infections was 32/53 (60%). The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia were the most common types of infection treated and the response rates were 23/47 (49%), 19/21 (90%), and 9/17 (53%), respectively. Nephrotoxicity occurred in ten patients (6%) who had normal renal function initially. Netilmicin is an effective aminoglycoside with a spectrum of antibacterial activity similar to that of gentamicin sulfate and it appears to be less nephrotoxic.
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PMID:Netilmicin in the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. 38 89

Two new aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin, were compared in a randomized study of the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. For the identified infections, the response rate for tobramycin was 60% and for amikacin was 64%. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia were the most frequent infections. Most (78%) of the identified pathogens were gram-negative bacilli; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequently isolated organisms. When only infections due to gram-negative bacilli were considered, 67% responded to tobramycin and 69% responded to amikacin. All infections except pneumonias had at least a 50% response rate to either antibiotic. The major form of toxicity of both antibiotics was azotemia and occurred in 22% of cases treated with tobramycin and in 20% treated with amikacin. Tobramycin and amikacin are equally effective in the treatment of gram-negative infections and have similar toxicity.
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PMID:Comparison of amikacin and tobramycin in the treatment of infection in patients with cancer. 40 53

A prospective, double-blind study comparing a 6 day with a 2 day regimen of cephalothin prophylaxis was conducted among 200 patients undergoing prosthetic valve replacement. No cases of endocarditis occurred during the 2 month follow-up. Sternal wound infection developed in 2.8 per cent of the 6 day group and 2.1 per cent of the 2 day group. Pneumonia developed in 8.5 per cent of the 6 day and 5.3 per cent of the 2 day group; most of the bacteria isolated were susceptible to cephalothin. Urinary tract infection developed more frequently in the 2 day group (17.0 versus 8.5 per cent), particularly during the first 6 postoperative days. Three of 11 patients with no detectable cephalothin in their sera at the close of operation developed staphylococcal wound infections, compared with 2 of 175 patients whose sera contained cephalothin at the close of surgery (p = 0.002, Fisher's exact test). A short course of prophylactic antibiotics is prudent, but there is no justification for prolonging their administration.
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PMID:Cephalothin prophylaxis in cardiac valve surgery. A prospective, double-blind comparison of two-day and six-day regimens. 40 8

A total of 516 charts of children who presented to the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital Emergency Department or Walk-In Clinic with a temperature of 40 C(104 F) or more were reviewed. The findings were consistent with the concept that high fever in children is most often associated with common illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, etc. There were only 22 (4%) admissions from the entire group and one death, actually due to delay in seeking medical help. The incidence and recurrence of febrile seizures (24 cases) was related to the use and compliance with anticonvulsant drugs rather than antipyretic measures. Appropriate laboratory work, x-rays and cultures should be done only when consistent with clinical findings. Follow-up can be done without hospitalization or antibiotics, as most children have a benign illness. The need for treatment of the underlying cause of the fever should, of course, remain the paramount goal. With proper parental guidance and education, the use of traditional methods of lowering fever can be discouraged.
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PMID:Hyperpyrexia (temperature greater than 40 C) in children. 43 Sep 38


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