Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were indentified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis.
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PMID:Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. II. A trachoma-LGV-specific antigen. 5 83

The most frequently seen type of infectious ophthalmia neonatorum, inclusion conjunctivitis, is caused by the organism Chlamydia trachomatis. This agent is known to be transmitted sexually. Until recently, the infections produced by C trachomatis were though to be relatively benign. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the organism may produce urethritis and epididymitis in the male; cervicitis, cervical erosions, salpingitis, and puerperal infections in the female; and prematurity and pneumonitis in the infant. An infant who develops ophthalmia neonatorum should be thoroughly evaluated for the presence of a chlamydial infection. In many instances the first evidence of chlamydial infection within the parents will be the development of inclusion conjunctivitis in their newborn infant. Family members of infants with inclusion conjunctivitis who manifest any evidence of clinical disease should be evaluated and treated with appropriate antibiotics.
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PMID:Ophthalmia neonatorum due to Chlamydia trachomatis: a family problem? 75 48

Chlamydiae are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of human disease. The known geographical distribution of lymphogranuloma venereum and the role of chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases are reviewed. The presence of chlamydiae in the urethra and the cervix, and their etiological relationship to genital infections, first recognized in connexion with ocular infections, have been proved in a number of studies in selected populations in a few countries. Chlamydiae appear to be the most important agent of nongonococcal urethritis, which in some cases appears now to be more frequent than gonococcal urethritis. In addition to their association with cervicitis, chlamydiae appear also to be fairly frequent in the cervix of apparently normal, asymptomatic, and sexually active women. The role of chlamydiae as agents of other human diseases still requires to be clarified. The organisms have been found in association with pelvic inflammatory disease, neonatal pneumonia, pharyngitis, and otitis. There is need for additional studies in view of the fact that effective chemotherapy is available. An outline is given of laboratory methods that may be useful for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections.
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PMID:Chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases. 108 7

The common infective conditions encountered at King Khalid Teaching Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were described. These data were collected mostly during a period of 8 years between 1981 to 1988. These infections included brucellosis, cholecystitis, conjunctivitis, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, infective endocarditis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, septicaemia, sorethroat, treponemal infections, urethritis, urinary tract infections, and vaginitis. A scheme for empiric chemotherapy has been suggested for these infections based on the sensitivity results obtained mostly from the microbiology laboratory at Teaching Hospital, Riyadh. This scheme of empiric therapy is offered as a guide only. It does not cover all possibilities and is not intended as a rigid dogma. Empiric therapy has also been suggested for some other infective conditions where sufficient data were not available from the Teaching Hospital. Empiric therapy should be started after relevant specimens are collected. Culture and sensitivity tests are invaluable in the management of patients with infectious diseases. As soon as sensitivities of the infecting organisms' are known, treatment should be adjusted accordingly. In some cases, Gram-staining is valuable to guide the initial therapy (eg. meningitis, pneumonia, and urethritis). Finally, close liaison between physicians and clinical microbiologists is mandatory for successful therapy.
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PMID:Empiric therapy of common bacterial infections in Saudi Arabia; a review. 161 94

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AA), is a cocobacillus thin and small, non motile, uncapsulate and capnophilic. AA, is: one of the species encountered in the mouth's comensal flora being able to be isolated in gingival crevices culture and oral mucosa in a 20% of the healthy population. An important number of pathogenic factors make it well equipped, to protect itself from host's defense mechanisms, and to destroy the periodontal tissue. Between the most important we find lipopolisacarides and leucotoxines which promote tisular invasion and destructive qualities of this microorganism. Since 1912, there are numerous reports of infectious process associated to it, between which we find: endocarditis in native and prothesic valve, soft tissues abscess, pneumonia, brain's abscess, urethritis, vertebral osteomielitis, thyroid's abscess, pericarditis and periodontal juvenile illness, being this one in which its isolation is more frequent. In vitro, AA is very susceptible to tetracicline. This antibiotic reaches high concentrations in gingival crevices, has significant affinity to the alveolar bone and contributes to protect the collagen. These special feature make them the election drug in periodontal disease produced by this microorganism.
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PMID:[Role of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human infection]. 221 24

Chlamydia trachomatis is a unique intracellular parasite that causes a number of common sexually transmitted disease syndromes, including nongonococcal urethritis in both men and women, epididymitis in men, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Infants exposed at delivery are at risk for the development of conjunctivitis and pneumonia. There is strong evidence that Chlamydia is a cause of obstructive infertility and ectopic pregnancy in women. It appears that these complications result from the chronic inflammatory response and secondary scarring that are elicited by long-term asymptomatic or nearly asymptomatic fallopian tube infections. Because treatment with tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin is simple, effective, and inexpensive, major efforts should be put into identifying asymptomatic young women through screening of the subpopulations at highest risk. These include sexually active adolescent women and older women who are not monogamous. Blacks are at higher risk than other ethnic groups for infection. The cost of diagnosing chlamydial infection has decreased with the introduction of new nonculture diagnostic tests. This should increase the availability of testing for screening purposes. It is critical to remember that male sex partners of infected women must be treated; otherwise all efforts to prevent long-term complications by identifying and treating asymptomatic women are doomed to failure.
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PMID:Chlamydial infections. 224 45

Chlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen that causes ocular disease (trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis), genital disease (cervicitis, urethritis, salpingitis, and lymphogranuloma venereum), and respiratory disease (infant pneumonitis). Respiratory chlamydioses also occur with infection by avian strains of C. psittaci or infection by the newly described TWAR agent. Diagnosis of most acute C. trachomatis infections relies on detection of the infecting agent by cell culture, fluorescent antibody, immunoassay, cytopathologic, or nucleic acid hybridization methods. Individual non-culture tests for C. trachomatis are less sensitive and specific than the best chlamydial cell culture system but offer the advantages of reduced technology and simple transport of clinical specimens. Currently available nonculture tests for C. trachomatis perform adequately as screening tests in populations in which the prevalence of infection is greater than 10%. A negative culture or nonculture test for C. trachomatis does not, however, exclude infection. The predictive value of a positive nonculture test may be unsatisfactory when populations of low infection prevalence are tested. Tests that detect antibody responses to chlamydial infection have limited utility in diagnosis of acute chlamydial infection because of the high prevalence of persistent antibody in healthy adults and the cross-reactivity due to infection by the highly prevalent C. trachomatis and TWAR agents. Assays for changes in antibody titer to the chlamydial genus antigen are used for the diagnosis of respiratory chlamydioses. A single serum sample that is negative for chlamydial antibody excludes the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum.
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PMID:Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections. 265 Aug 58

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligatory intracellular parasite. The initial genital tract infection in women is most commonly of the columnar cells of the cervix, from which it may spread to other pelvic organs. The parasite may also be carried asymptomatically. Complications of infection are varied. Among women aged younger than 20 years, Chlamydia trachomatis has been shown to cause 63% of acute pelvic inflammatory disease, with an incidence of 30% in all age groups. Among males, Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the cause of 50% of cases of nonspecific urethritis. Such infection may be associated with epididymitis and/or prostatitis, and may subsequently lead to infertility. Neonates exposed to maternal Chlamydia trachomatis infection may develop conjunctivitis or pneumonia. Chlamydia trachomatis infection is probably the most common venereal disease in the world. 2034 patients attending a family planning clinic in Christchurch between May 1984 and July 1985 were tested for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix with the goal of defining the high risk groups in which screening may be indicated. 357 of the women had Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix. They were of mean age 21.6 years, and had had an average of eight sex partners since first intercourse. Women who were not infected with Chlamydia were of mean age 23 years and had had an average of six sex partners since first intercourse. Risk factors for acquiring infection with Chlamydia trachomatis were having more than five lifetime partners, being age 20 years or younger, and being pregnant, regardless of the age or number of partners. These findings confirm the need to screen all sexually active women aged 20 years and younger for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.
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PMID:Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix: a prospective study of 2000 patients at a family planning clinic. 345 64

Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted intracellularly growing rod, causing cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis and urethritis. Inclusion conjunctivitis and pneumonia are the sequelae of maternal cervicitis in newborns. In treatment tetracyclines and erythromycin are the drugs of choice.
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PMID:Chlamydial infections in gynaecology and obstetrics. 348 65

Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K is one of the most important pathogens of communicable diseases. 3 to 5 million new infections are observed annually in the USA. 10% to 30% of young sexually active persons in the age group 15 to 20 years are affected. The organism was isolated from 20% to 30% of patients attending dispensaries for sexually transmitted diseases, 5% to 10% of gynaecological outpatients, 1% to 8% of pregnant women and 0% to 5% of asymptomatic control persons. In men, C. trachomatis was found in 30% to 70% of patients with urethritis (15% to 25% simultaneously with gonorrhoea), in 30% to 60% of persons suffering from nongonoccocal urethritis and in 65% to 70% with postgonoccocal urethritis. 20% of newborns from mothers with positive cultures develop pneumonia and 37% conjunctivitis. Complications such as endometritis, salpingitis, periappendicitis, perihepatitis, ectopic pregnancy, premature birth, proctitis, cystitis, deferenitis, epididymitis, reactive arthritis, morbus Reiter, conjunctivitis, pneumonia (in infants and adults) may cause long lasting disease and may leave behind irreversible sequelae. Treatment with tetracyclines or erythromycin is always effective.
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PMID:[Epidemiology, clinical aspects and therapy of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K]. 349 42


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