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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Center for Disease Control for many years have recommended the routine use of influenza vaccine in various hemoglobinopathies including sickle cell disease. This recommendation, however, has not been included in the patient care protocols of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program of NIHLB. Most clinicians have not used yearly influenza vaccine for their patients with sickle cell disease. This article reports a case of a 5-year-old boy with sickle cell disease who had not received influenza vaccine. He developed pneumonitis and acute myositis during a serologically confirmed influenza B virus infection. The incapacitating and protracted course of his illness presented diagnostic and management problems. His case strongly supports the recommendation of the two infectious disease committees.
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PMID:Sickle cell disease with complicated influenza B virus infection. 160 65

Table III summarizes clinical applications of antiviral agents in respiratory viral infections. (table: see text) For influenza A virus infections, both oral amantadine and rimantadine are effective when used for seasonal prophylaxis and for prophylaxis in institutional populations. Both of these drugs, as well as aerosolized ribavirin, have antiviral and therapeutic effects in uncomplicated influenza. It remains to be determined whether any of these modalities or possibly their combined use [44] will be useful in treating severe influenza hospitalized patients or whether they can prevent the development of complications in high risk patients. Unfortunately, there is no parenteral formulation of amantadine or rimantadine for use in critically ill patients. Aerosolized ribavirin has also been shown to have modest therapeutic effects in influenza B virus infection. However, a major need exists for an antiviral which is active against influenza B virus and which can be used on an outpatient basis. Controlled clinical trials have shown that aerosolized ribavirin therapy improves arterial oxygenation and modifies the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and pneumonia [3,5]. Its role in treating life-threatening disease or in modifying the long-term sequelae of RSV infections are unknown at the present time. Again, a specific antiviral agent is needed for outpatient use in preventing or treating RSV infections. Finally, after over a decade of work since the original observation that intranasal interferon could prevent experimental rhinovirus infection [11], recent studies have established that intranasal rIFN-a2 is effective in the postexposure prophylaxis of rhinovirus colds in families [42]. This strategy needs to be studied with regard to the prevention of infection and its complications in high risk patients and it remains to be determined whether intranasal interferon will have therapeutic activity in established colds.
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PMID:Clinical applications of antiviral agents for chemophrophylaxis and therapy of respiratory viral infections. 241 51

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infection occurred in Philadelphia from December, 1985, to April, 1986. During this epidemic 24 patients were admitted to Children's Hospital from whom influenza B was isolated from routine respiratory viral cultures. All were younger than 3 years of age. Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%). Remarkably 75% of the patients had underlying diseases which may have contributed to the severity of the infection. Nine (41%) patients had pneumonia. Two patients died of respiratory failure caused by overwhelming influenza B virus infection. Patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory and underlying diseases should have viral respiratory cultures which include influenza B.
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PMID:Children hospitalized with influenza B infection. 361 69

The case is presented of a 14-year-old boy in whom influenza B virus infection caused pneumonia, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Survival was achieved by prompt treatment of DIC with clotting factors and heparin. DIC should be diligently sought in severe viral infections because appropriate therapy may be life-saving.
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PMID:Influenza B virus infection complicated by pneumonia, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 650 7

Influenza virus is among the most common causes of respiratory illness, which may manifest as a range of conditions, from mild upper respiratory tract infection to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Acute childhood myositis associated with influenza occurs mostly in influenza B infection. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the characteristics of 197 children with influenza virus treated from January 2000 to December 2001. Among them, 73 children had influenza A infection and 124 had influenza B infection. Influenza A virus outbreaks occurred in January 2000, July 2001, and December 2001, while influenza B virus outbreaks occurred from March 2000 to May 2000 and from December 2000 to February 2001. The most common clinical manifestations of influenza A and influenza B virus infection included fever, cough, and rhinorrhea. These infections also frequently manifested as laryngo-tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and unexplained fever, which led to hospitalization. The most common clinical diagnosis was upper respiratory tract infection. The rates of benign acute childhood myositis in influenza A and influenza B were 5.5% and 33.9%, respectively. Creatine kinase levels were elevated in most myositis cases and boys were more commonly affected. Acute childhood myositis was more commonly seen in influenza B infection.
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PMID:Clinical features of influenza A and B in children and association with myositis. 1518 90

A 56-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis developed acute symptoms, including fever and cough. Chest X-ray and CT scan films revealed consolidations and ground glass opacities in the bilateral lungs suggestive of massive pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Microscopic examination by a transbronchial lung biopsy from the right middle lobe demonstrated numerous hyphae of aspergillus. Despite treatment with anti-fungal agents, respiratory failure rapidly progressed, and the patient died on the 21st hospital day. Postmortem examination of the lung showed multiple abscesses with hyphae of aspergillus invading into small pulmonary artery and alveoli, which were the characteristic findings of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). In addition, diffuse alveolar damage was also present, associated with the typical features of UIP such as honeycombing in the bilateral lungs. The serum anti-influenza B virus antibody was high at 512-fold. Therefore, it was speculated that influenza B virus infection triggered superimposed aspergillus infection leading to fatal IPA associated with ARDS.
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PMID:[Fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis triggered by influenza B virus infection in an individual with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. 1661 65

A 47-year-old Japanese man was transferred to our hospital because of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B virus infection. On admission, he was suffering from sepsis due to a catheter infection and respiratory failure caused by pulmonary edema and pneumonia, but, as a result of preoperative intensive care, we avoided septic shock. ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABO-I-LT) was performed. In accordance with our ABO-I-LT protocol, we administered, rituximab and performed plasma exchange, splenectomy as well as hepatic artery infusion. The patient was discharged 80 days after living donor transplantation (LDLT). However, 136 days after LDLT, he experienced recurrent respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia. At that time, the CD19(+) B-cell count in the peripheral blood flow remained below 1%. We suspected a mixed infection involving Streptococcus pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, and fungus. The cause of the complication was overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI). We started administration of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, and micafungin sodium therapy as well as gamma-globulin. Oxygenation improved gradually; the patient was discharged at 41 days after re-admission. Although this patient survived the OPSI, it was clear that some aspects of the ABO-I-LT protocol should also be altered.
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PMID:A survival case of ABO-incompatible liver transplantation complicated with severe preoperative infection and subsequent overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. 1991 18

Influenza B virus infections are less common than infections caused by influenza A virus in critically ill patients, but similar mortality rates have been observed for both influenza types. Pneumonia caused by influenza B virus is uncommon and has been reported in pediatric patients and previously healthy adults. Critically ill patients with pneumonia caused by influenza virus may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. We describe the clinical course of a critically ill patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma nongerminal center B-cell phenotype who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza B virus infection. This paper emphasizes the need to suspect influenza B virus infection in critically ill immunocompromised patients with progressive deterioration of cardiopulmonary function despite treatment with antibiotics. Early initiation of neuraminidase inhibitor and the implementation of guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock should be considered.
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PMID:Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza B virus infection in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 2211 May 13

A great diversity of infectious agents can affect patients that use steroids at immunosuppressive doses or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonists. The list of participating microorganisms is more restricted in the case of anti TNF-alpha blockers. Overlapping agents include intracellular bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, geographic fungal agents that have the ability to establish granulamotous infections, herpes zoster, and reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. An important conceptual issue for these infections is the existence of a threshold prednisone daily dose for the emergence of opportunistic infections but higher levels of immunosuppression and cofactors are required in the case of Pneumocystis jiroveci and cytomegalovirus infections. In order to prevent these threats, a detailed medical evaluation is needed before prescription to detect potential risks and manage them properly. Prevention rules must be prescribed in every case, that include common sense behaviors, vaccines, and in selected cases, chemoprophylaxis for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, P. jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) or other specific requirements. Latent TB infection is probable and requires chemoprophylaxis in the case of remote or recent exposure to a patient with lung TB, a positive tuberculin or interferon-gamma release assay result or residual lung scars in a chest x-ray exam. PCP prevention is suggested when the patient reaches a daily dose of prednisone of 30 mg but might be needed at lower doses in case of other concomitant immunosuppressive drugs or when lymphopenia arises shortly after prednisone initiation.
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PMID:[Infections in patients affected by rheumatologic diseases associated to glucocorticoid use or tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors]. 2487 7

Two rare cases of Chinese female patients with influenza B virus infection complicated with both fulminant pneumonia and septicemia caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin(PVL) positive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MASS) were reported for the first time in China through next-generation sequencing (NGS). An increasing body of evidence indicates that co-infection with influenza B virus and bacterial pneumonia is often fatal. Rapid and precise identification of the co-infection bacteria can guide the selection of treatment for patients with influenza virus infection in the clinical setting. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied for the rapid diagnosis of these two cases. Despite the unfavorable survival outcome of these patients, the application of next-generation sequencing showed promise as a diagnostic tool for the rapid diagnosis of unknown pathogens in patients with bacterial pneumonia and sepsis. This method can guide the administration of medications in such patients.
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PMID:Two Cases of Influenza B Virus-Related Fatal Fulminant Pneumonia Complicated With Staphylococcus aureus Infection in China Diagnosed Using Next-Generation Sequencing (2018). 3235 25


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