Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
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One hundred and fourteen refugee children from South Vietnam showed similar disease prevalences to refugee children from Bangladesh. Common diseases were malnutrition, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and bronchitis, scabies and furunculosis. Seven children died, five from pneumonia complicated by malnutrition. Increased awareness of the high incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia and more careful assessment of nutritional status may reduce mortality in future groups of refugee children evacuated to Australia.
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PMID:Medical problems in refugee children evacuated from South Vietnam. 100 30

A systematic investigation of morbidity patterns was conducted in 1977- 80 among 2580 children under 12 years of age attending mobile hospital camps in 4 districts on India's Hamachal Pradesh. The children came from remote villages where socioeconomic and educational levels were low and environmental sanitation was rudimentary. There were 1301 cases of protein energy malnutrition in this group, 124 involving children 0-1 year of age, 514 in the 1-5-year age group, and 663 (51%) in the 5-12- year age group. At the time of examination, 287 of the children were infested with worms and 125 had diarrhea. These 3 conditions-- malnutrition, worm infestation, and diarrhea--were present in 32% of the village children surveyed. The most common form of morbidity was nutritional disorders (malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies), affecting 70% of the children. The next most common condition was respiratory infection, affecting 35%. Other disorders affecting significant numbers of children were scabies, pyoderma, convulsions, mental retardation, rheumatic fever and congenital heart diseases, and renal diseases. Morbidity from conditions such as gastroenteritis, measles, and pneumonia was often accompanied by malnutrition. Thus, there is a need in this area for child health programs aimed at providing nutrition education as well as improving immunization coverage.
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PMID:Childhood morbidity in mobile hospital camps in Himachal Pradesh. 262 Sep 84

Numerous sexually transmitted diseases--syphilis, gonococcal infections, group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, chlamydial infections, mycoplasmas, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus infections, hepatitis B viral infections, fungal infection, trichomonas vaginalis, condylomata acuminata, and scabies--are of concern when they occur during pregnancy, either because of their potential adverse effects on the fetus or the chance of a modified reaction in the pregnant woman. This article discusses each of these venereal diseases in turn, providing information on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Pregnancy appears to have a benign effect on syphilis in the mother, but the fetus is likely to suffer from abortion, intrauterine death, intrauterine growth retardation, and congenital syphilis, underscoring the need for serologic testing of symptomatic pregnant women and treatment with penicillin. Neisseria gonorrhoea, still a prevalent sexually transmitted disease among women of childbearing age, is of considerable seriousness during pregnancy due to the risk of contamination of the newborn during passage through the birth canal. Infants delivered of women infected with chlamydia may develop a neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis, nasopharygitis, otitis media, or an afebrile pneumonia syndrome.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy. 629 53

A nationwide survey was undertaken in Bangladesh to determine current treatment practices for the 6 most common diseases seen in outpatient clinics. Assessment was made of patient care in terms of history-taking, physical examination, and time devoted to each patient; of the drug dispensing process in terms of time taken and whether drugs were properly dispensed; of patient's knowledge of how to take the drugs; of the availability of 12 essential drugs on the survey date; and of the availability of an essential drugs list. The 6 diseases were watery diarrhea, dysentery with blood, helminthiasis, pneumonia, acute respiratory tract infections, and scabies. The health units analyzed were 10 Thana Health complexes (THCs) and 10 union subcenters (USCs) from each of the 4 administrative divisions in the country. Retrospective data were examined for September 1991 to August 1992. Prospective data were collected through observations and exit interviews with patients. It was found that the average consultation time in the THCs (60 seconds) was significantly greater than that in the USCs (48 seconds). Significantly more patients were sufficiently examined in the THCs than in the USCs, but the quality of care was found to be inadequate in each type of facility. Standard treatment guidelines were followed for only 41% of the patients, with no statistically difference between type of facility. The mean number of drugs prescribed per patient was 1.44. 25% of the patients were treated with antibiotics, and 17% with metronidazole, regardless of the diagnoses. The availability of drugs (54%) was low, and only 16% of the facilities had an essential drugs list. However, 78% of the drugs were prescribed by generic name, 85% complied with the essential drugs list, and 81% were dispensed according to prescription. The average dispensing time (23 seconds) and the proportion of patients who understood the dosage (55%) were poor. This survey was the largest to examine compliance with the World Health Organization/International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs guidelines on drug use. These findings are likely representative of the use of drugs in the public health system in rural Bangladesh. Similar surveys should be undertaken to cover the private health sector, to monitor inpatient prescribing and care, and to investigate the drug use pattern in the medical colleges and teaching hospitals.
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PMID:A baseline survey on use of drugs at the primary health care level in Bangladesh. 820 47

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical spectrum of immunorestitution disease (IRD) in hospitalized patients over a 12-month period. In nine of 18 patients who presented with clinical deterioration during reduction or cessation of immunosuppressants (n = 6) or bone marrow engraftment (n = 3), IRD cases included the following infections: scabies infestation (n = 1); gastric strongyloidiasis (n = 1); hepatosplenic candidiasis (n = 1); methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus abscess formation (n = 2); polyomavirus-related hemorrhagic cystitis (n = 3); and influenza A pneumonitis (n = 1). Immunopathological damage during withdrawal of immunosuppression is an incidental way to uncover an asymptomatic infectious disease. Serial monitoring of hematological and clinical profiles is essential in making a diagnosis of IRD.
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PMID:Immunorestitution diseases in patients not infected with HIV. 1147 40

In November 1992 in Bangladesh, the community medicine and pharmacology departments of medical colleges in Chittagong, Khulna, Mymensingh, and Rajshahi conducted a survey of 40 thana health complexes (THCs) and 40 union subcenters (USCs) nationwide to examine patterns of drug use at the primary health care level. They focused on those drugs used to treat watery diarrhea, dysentery with blood, helminthiasis, pneumonia, acute respiratory tract infections, and scabies. Physicians provided medical care and prescriptions at THCs while medical assistants did at USCs. The average consultation time was only 54 seconds (60 seconds for THCs vs. 48 seconds for USCs). Adequate examinations were conducted only on 37% of patients (41% vs. 32%). Adequate treatment as defined by standard treatment guidelines was accorded to only 41% of patients (43% vs. 39%). The average number of drugs prescribed was acceptable (1.44). 25% of patients received antibiotics (25% at THCs and 24% at USCs). Use rates of metronidazole were 25% for THCs and 18% for USCs. 17% of tracer diagnoses received metronidazole, even though none of them needed it for treatment. 85% and 78% of drugs prescribed were from the essential drugs list and prescribed by generic name, respectively, indicating adequate implementation of the National Drug Policy. Only 54% of the 12 essential drugs were available (63% vs. 46%). This low availability affected prescribing patterns. Financial constraints limited the drug supply. It took only 23 seconds to dispense the drugs. The short dispensing and consultation times may have accounted for the low level (55%) of patients knowing how and when to take the drugs. 81% of drugs prescribed were dispensed according to the prescription. These findings will be used to target and evaluate future interventions by the Improvement of Drug Management Project.
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PMID:Results of drug use survey in Bangladesh. 1231 52

Life in the concentration camps of the Third Reich was like living on another planet. The prisoners, stripped of all rights, experienced constant humiliation, uncertain survival and endless terror. Living conditions were harsh, characterized by crowding, poor sanitation and personal hygiene, lack of proper clothing and heating. The days began early with long marches and slave labor. Sleep was short and interrupted, and fatigue was constant and severe. Above all hoovered the dark cloud of ever-present famine. The prisoners were given about a fourth of the daily calorie requirements, and the food lacked vital components such as vitamins and other essential ingredients. The psychological stress was extreme, yet morbidity and mortality were mainly due to infections, injuries and hunger. Lice, scabies and other skin diseases were common. Typhus fever was ever-present, both endemic and epidemic, with a fatal outcome. Many suffered from tuberculosis, typhoid, dysentery, pneumonia and other infections diseases. Injuries were common, caused by beating, punitive whiplashing and other forms of physical abuse, gunshot wounds and dog-bites. Skull injuries with brain contusions and hemorrhages were prevalent, as well as fractured limbs, ribs and pelvic bones. Blunt injuries to chest and abdomen often had fatal outcomes due to the perforation of viscera and peritonitis or as a result of massive hemorrhage from ruptured blood vessels. The harsh winters were marked by frozen gangrenous limbs and hypothermia. Yet, the most ominous condition was the "hunger disease" with its multiple clinical expressions which, in their extreme form, led to the emaciated "musleman" and eventual death.
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PMID:[Morbidity in the concentration camps of the Third Reich]. 1511 84

Since ancient times, plants and herbal preparations have been used as medicine. Research carried out in last few decades has certified several such claims of use of several plants of traditional medicine. Popularity of Momordica charantia (MC) in various systems of traditional medicine for several ailments (antidiabetic, abortifacient, anthelmintic, contraceptive, dysmenorrhea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney (stone), laxative, leprosy, leucorrhea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, fever and scabies) focused the investigator's attention on this plant. Over 100 studies using modern techniques have authenticated its use in diabetes and its complications (nephropathy, cataract, insulin resistance), as antibacterial as well as antiviral agent (including HIV infection), as anthelmintic and abortifacient. Traditionally it has also been used in treating peptic ulcers, interestingly in a recent experimental studies have exhibited its potential against Helicobacter pylori. Most importantly, the studies have shown its efficacy in various cancers (lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, skin tumor, prostatic cancer, squamous carcinoma of tongue and larynx, human bladder carcinomas and Hodgkin's disease). There are few reports available on clinical use of MC in diabetes and cancer patients that have shown promising results.
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PMID:Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. 1518 17

Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome represents a very rare indication for kidney transplantation. Previous reports mention only pediatric organ recipients with this diagnosis. We present the case of a Caucasian male patient who underwent a cadaveric renal transplantation at the age of 57 years. Our patient had an uneventful immediate postoperative course; however, 4 months after the operation he suffered pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection. He recovered fully and had an episode of acute cholecystitis. At the time of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy we also laparoscopically removed his Tenckhoff catheter, a procedure he could not undergo for more than a year because of a chronic scabies infection. Now, 18 months after his transplantation he is fully rehabilitated with a serum creatinine of 90 micromol/L. In selected cases even in older age kidney transplantation could offer a higher quality of life for this mentally retarded, blind population.
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PMID:Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome for kidney transplantation at the age of 57 years. 1638 83

This was a retrospective review and descriptive analysis of the findings from the medical screening examinations conducted on the illegal migrants from Fujian Province of China (n = 589) who arrived on four boats on the West Coast of Canada between June 14 and September 9, 1999. The Canadian Navy conducted a screening medical exam of the illegal migrants, with Health Canada and Citizenship and Immigration Canada providing suggestions on the format of the exam. The illegal Chinese migrants were predominantly young, male adults. The most prevalent medical conditions detected were dermatological (55.2%), dental problems (25%), trauma (9.2%), urogenital (7.6%), and head/neck (6.6%). Recently induced trauma was more prevalent among females (20.5%) than males (6.5%). One case of community-acquired pneumonia was identified and later diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis. Physicians dealing with illegal migrants should look for unusual physical findings and have a higher clinical suspicion regarding infectious diseases (tuberculosis, scabies) and abuse. Future encounters with illegal migrants should include standardized immigration screening exams, with adequate history taking and follow-up.
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PMID:Health of Chinese illegal immigrants who arrived by boat on the West Coast of Canada in 1999. 1981 89


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