Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study is presented of 582 patients with acute viral-bacterial pneumonia in those with a history of influenza and acute respiratory disease (ARD). Protracted course of the disease was observed in 121 (20.8%) and 461 (79.2%) the course of pneumonia was acute. It is shown that the formation of protracted of acute pneumonia in patients with influenza and ARD is furthered by several factors: age, foci of chronic infection, a history of inflammation, increased level of circulating immune complexes, late hospitalization and inadequate therapy. Experiments on Syrian hamsters with induced parainfluenzal infection showed that mixed viral-bacterial infection is more severe than monoinfection.
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PMID:[The development of protracted pneumonias in patients with a history of influenza and acute respiratory diseases]. 216 44

Three Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from five colony bred laboratory dogs (Canis familiaris) obtained from a single vendor. Four of these animals were Beagles and one was a mongrel. Three displayed clinical signs of respiratory disease including dyspnea, chronic coughing and moist rales, while the other two dogs were observed during thoracic surgery to have macroscopic lesions suggestive of pneumonia. All five dogs were submitted for diagnostic necropsy during which they were cultured for bacteria and mycoplasma. Mycoplasma spp. having three distinct colonial forms were isolated from the lungs of each of the animals. These three isolates were sent to the National Cancer Institute Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory and to the National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Mycoplasmology Laboratory. Neither laboratory could serotype these isolates against antisera to 73 Mycoplasma spp., including the common canine mycoplasmas, and nine Acholeplasma spp. Histologically, the bronchopneumonia was characterized by bronchiectasis, purulent bronchiolitis, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia, chronic non-suppurative peribronchiolitis and perivasculitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, and acute to subacute purulent pneumonia. The similarity between the pathologic findings in these animals and those observed in respiratory mycoplasmosis of other species, e.g. the rat, suggests a causal relationship between the isolated mycoplasmas and the pulmonary disease observed in these dogs.
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PMID:Spontaneous bronchopneumonia in laboratory dogs infected with untyped Mycoplasma spp. 217 28

The most prominent respiratory diseases of American Indian adults are pneumonia, cancer of the lung, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and tuberculosis. Mortality and hospitalization rates of these diseases were compared with those for the rest of the U.S. population and between Indian groups in the various Indian Health Service Areas. Pneumonia and influenza constitute the sixth leading cause of death among Indians and the fifth leading cause of death among the U.S. All Races population. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth leading cause of death among U.S. All Races, but only the tenth leading cause of death among Indians. Pneumonia and tuberculosis are more significant causes of death and disability for Indians than are COPD and cancer of the lung. The explanation for these differences in mortality rates between Indians and the general population are not known. Respiratory system diseases are responsible for 10.6% of Indian hospitalizations. The most frequent is pneumonia, which accounts for approximately 4% of all Indian hospitalizations. Differences in respiratory diseases between Indian groups are sometimes striking, with a sharp increase in mortality and hospitalization in the Areas across the northern border of the lower 48 states. There is also a much higher prevalence of cigarette smoking in those same Areas.
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PMID:The major respiratory diseases of American Indians. 217 26

In an attempt to develop better methods for consistent induction of pneumonia in naturally born swine, using cultures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, fifty 6-week-old, naturally born pigs from a respiratory disease-free herd were used in 3 trials. Pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 232 (passage 21) grown for 1 passage or 5 passages in Eagle minimal essential medium plus 20% porcine serum, with or without human lung fibroblasts, had a mean (+/- SD) value range between 5.4 +/- 3.6 and 9.2 +/- 2.1% of consolidated lung area. In the second trial, pigs inoculated 1, 2, or 3 days in succession with strain 232 grown in Eagle medium or Friis mycoplasmal medium with 20% porcine serum had between 5.1 +/- 7 and 8.7 +/- 4.3% of consolidated lung area. In the third trial, virulence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains 144L (p27), 11 (p26), J (p60), and 232 (p27) grown in Friis mycoplasmal medium was compared. Pigs inoculated with those strains had 5.1 +/- 4.1, 2.6 +/- 3.1, 0, and 4.3 +/- 4% of consolidated lung area, respectively. Significant differences were not found in consolidated lung area among groups in trials 1 and 2, and among groups of pigs inoculated with M hyopneumoniae strains 144L, 11, and 232 in trial 3. Pneumonia was not detected in pigs inoculated with strain J in trial 3.
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PMID:Effect of growth in cell cultures and strain on virulence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for swine. 218 Mar 49

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 219 54

In 1981-1984 from a total of 288 children aged 6-36 months, suffering from acute and relapsing respiratory disease, in 52 children in the nasopharyngeal secretion IgM was detected in average amounts of 11.3 +/- 9.7 mg/100 ml. In 13 of the children in the course of 1-2 years after the first examination the IgM values in the nasopharyngeal secretion doubled or increased several times (20-50 mg/100 ml). The values in saliva at the age of 5-9 years were in seven of these children lower than the mean physiological values of SIgA in saliva (34.3 +/- 15.9 mg/100 ml). In 12 children in the course of 5-9 years chronic respiratory disease developed--obstructive bronchitis. In six children, where during school age in saliva mean SIgA values lower than normal were recorded, more frequent relapses and complications were recorded (pneumonia, sinobronchial syndrome, otitis media). Elevated values of SIgM in the nasopharyngeal secretion of infants and toddlers with acute and relapsing bronchitis can be considered a risk factor for the development of chronic disease, in particular in case of a permanently reduced SIgA formation also in saliva.
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PMID:[Relation between chronic respiratory diseases in children and secretory IgA and IgM]. 220 59

The authors analyze the findings of epidemiological and virological surveillance of ARD in Bohemia during the season 1986/1987. In all, 57.5% of the Czech population was affected by acute respiratory disease (ARD). There were 5,950,832 cases reported, 124,444 complications (2.1% of the overall morbidity rate) and 5,374 deaths due to influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia and chronic pulmonary affection. The influenza epidemic commenced during the 48-th calendary week (CW) and lasted 5 weeks till the 52-nd CW. The epidemic was due to an influenza virus strain of the subtype A(H1N1) antigenically related to the drift variant A (Singapore) 6/86. Within an extremely short period of the epidemic, 1,094,865 influenza cases were reported and 22,313 cases of complications. 10.7% of the CSR population were affected during the epidemic in whose etiology noninfluenza respiratory viruses were significantly implicated, especially adenoviruses (41.7%) and the RS virus (26.9%). There was no excessive mortality in the course of the epidemic. The authors discuss the atypical nature of this particular influenza epidemic and the etiological role of respiratory viruses.
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PMID:Epidemiological analysis of acute respiratory disease (ARD) and characteristics of the influenza epidemic in Bohemia during the season 1986/1987. 221 37

Blacks in the US experience increased mortality (1113 versus 745 per 100,000 males; 631 versus 411 per 100,000 females) and decreased life expectancy (63.7 years versus 70.7 years for males; 72.3 years versus 78.1 years for females); compared to Whites. In an effort to determine if the excess mortality among Black Americans might be explained by differences in access or quality of health care services, we performed a race-specific analysis of conditions for which mortality is largely avoidable given timely and appropriate medical care. Using methodology proposed by Rutstein and Charlton, mortality due to 12 causes was evaluated including tuberculosis, cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, acute respiratory disease, pneumonia and bronchitis, influenza, asthma, appendicitis, hernias and cholecystitis. In the US, during 1980 to 1986, an average of 17,366 deaths and 286,813 years of potential life (YPLL) before age 65 were lost each year due to all 12 sentinel causes combined. Of these causes, hypertensive heart disease, pneumonia and bronchitis, cervical cancer and asthma accounted for the greatest number of deaths. The mortality rate for all 12 causes combined among Blacks was 4.5 times that of Whites. The highest relative rates among Blacks compared to Whites were observed for tuberculosis, hypertensive heart disease and asthma. The overall mortality rate in the District of Columbia for the selected causes was 3.7 times the national rate. Compared to national rates, statistically significant elevated rates in the District were observed for tuberculosis, hypertensive heart disease and pneumonia and bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Black/white comparisons of deaths preventable by medical intervention: United States and the District of Columbia 1980-1986. 226 53

During a 3-year survey of 805 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) who were admitted to three hospitals in Buenos Aires, 31 fatal cases were recorded--a fatality rate of 3.8%. Of the 31 children who died, 77% were less than 1 year of age, 48% were boys, 58% were malnourished, 29% had previous respiratory disease, and 22% had previous congenital disease. All children who died had clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (71%) or bronchiolitis (29%). Autopsies were performed in 14 of the cases. Viral etiology was determined by both cell culture and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay of either nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) or lung tissue and bacterial etiology was determined by isolation of organisms from blood, lung tissue, and/or pleural fluid. NPA was examined for Bordetella pertussis by IIF. Pathogens were identified in 65% of fatal cases. Seven cases were bacterial; seven cases were viral; and six cases resulted from mixed infections. Lung tissue yielded positive etiologic results in 10 of 13 cases. Histopathologic examination performed on specimens from the 14 autopsied children revealed necrotizing bronchiolitis with intranuclear inclusions (n = 5) and multifocal pneumonia (n = 9).
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PMID:Etiologic, clinical, and pathologic analysis of 31 fatal cases of acute respiratory tract infection in Argentinian children under 5 years of age. 227 Apr 6

In a 6.5 year period starting January 1982, 121 patients (74 male, 47 female; 1.6:1) with complicated gastroesophageal reflux referred to Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, required a Nissen fundoplication at a mean age of 35.5 months (range 3 weeks to 18 years). The median age of onset of symptoms was less than 1 month. Symptoms and indications for surgery included regurgitation (88%), failure to thrive (52%), reflux-associated pulmonary symptoms and aspiration (48%), biopsy evidence of esophagitis (35%) with heartburn (17%), dysphagia (18%), hematemesis (17%), anemia (13%), and hypoproteinemia (22%). Sixty-four percent of the patients had a syndrome or chromosomal abnormality, respiratory disease, or neuromuscular disorder. The barium contrast upper-gastrointestinal radiographic series, performed in all patients, identified structural [gastric outlet obstruction (2%), esophageal stricture (11%), erosive esophagitis (9%)], and functional abnormalities [gastroesophageal reflux (90%), barium aspiration (8%), esophageal hypoperistalsis (30%), delayed gastric emptying (4%)]. Barium contrast upper gastrointestinal radiographic series identified gastroesophageal reflux with a sensitivity of 90% (compared to history), was 50% sensitive and 92% specific for erosive esophagitis (compared to biopsy), was 59% sensitive and 74% specific for esophageal dysmotility (compared to esophageal manometry), and there was a significant (p less than 0.01) association between barium aspiration and prior evidence of aspiration pneumonitis. Esophageal manometry demonstrated a significantly (p less than 0.001) lower esophageal sphincter pressure in patients compared with controls, but no significant correlation with failure to thrive, aspiration pneumonia, biopsy evidence of esophagitis, or parameters of the 24-hour esophageal pH study. Twenty-four hour pH monitoring showed significantly (p less than 0.05) more reflux episodes than in asymptomatic controls and there was significant (p less than 0.05) correlation between the percentage of time pH was less than 4 and the presence of hypoalbuminemia, and biopsy-proven erosive esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopic appearance was 91% sensitive and 60% specific for esophagitis when compared to biopsy. Nissen fundoplication was completely effective at resolving gastroesophageal reflux in 83%, and associated with marked improvement in 15%. No patient died as a result of fundoplication. Major complications included: recurrence of symptoms requiring reoperation (2%), subsequent mechanical bowel obstruction (8%), wound infection or pneumonia (12%).
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PMID:Investigation and outcome of 121 infants and children requiring Nissen fundoplication for the management of gastroesophageal reflux. 227 17


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