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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In contrast to the uncertain role of mycoplasmas in genital disease, there is no doubt that they produce respiratory disease. The first mycoplasma isolated, M. mycoidesis is the aetiological agent of bovine pleuropneumonia, a disease now confined to parts of Africa and Australia. M. capri causes a similar disease in goats which is geographically more widespread. Enzootic pneumonia of pigs, seen in various parts of the world, is due primarily to M. suipneumoniae. Although some strains of M. hyorhinis also seem capable of causing disease. Not all strains of a mycoplasma species are equally pathogenic; only some strains of M. pulmonis produce severe respiratory disease in mice and rats. Further, concomitant infection with other agents may result in more severe disease; this is particularly seen in M. gallisepticum infections of poultry. Of those mycoplasmas which infect man, only M. pneumoniae is known to cause respiratory disease, mainly involving the younger age groups. Mycoplasmas spread by close contact so that disease is seen in family groups or where there is crowding or herding. Factors in resistance to respiratory disease caused by mycoplasmas have been poorly understood but the importance of local immunity is becoming more clear.
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PMID:The importance of mycoplasmas in respiratory infections. 109 79

A study was made of blood hydrocortisone content for a period of 24 hours in the patients with congenital diseases of the heart before and after the operation, in patients with acute respiratory disease, severe pneumonia, and also with acute laryngeal stenosis of influenzal etiology. It was revealed that under pathological conditions the adrenal cortex took part in the compensatory reactions of the organism at any time of the day. As a result of this hydrocortisone concentration is steadily maintained at a definite level in the course of the 24 hours. These changes depended on the intensity of the stressor and the severity of metabolic disturbances in the organism.
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PMID:[Glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in the course of a 24-hour day in pathological states]. 117 May 60

One hundred eighty children hospitalized for acute respiratory disease were studied in Cali, Colombia. In the majority of patients, pneumonia was the reason for hospitalization and remained the final diagnosis. Fifty-one cases of pneumonia of indeterminate etiology comprised the largest single diagnostic category, followed by 38 cases of pneumonia associated with measles, and 22 cases assocaited with serologic evidence of infection with other viral agents or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Etiologic diagnosis could be assigned with a reasonable degree of confidence in 116 of the 180 patients (64%). The laboratory procedure found most likely to provide the etiologic diagnosis in this series was paired sera specimens for demonstration of rise in antibody titer against the common viral respiratory pathogens. Those most frequently implicated serologically as etiologic agents in the cases studied were, in order of decreasing frequency, measles, influenza, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses.
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PMID:Etiology of respiratory tract infections in children in Cali, Colombia. 124 87

The clinical spectrum of cystic fibrosis is insufficiently appreciated. This disease may occur in adolescents or adults who had minimal or no symptoms in childhood. In three patients the diagnosis was made on the basis of respiratory disease (including bronchiectasis, pneumonia and chronic bronchitis), a family history of respiratory disease, and elevated concentrations of electrolytes in the sweat. Two of the patients had pancreatic insufficiency, but this feature was not considered necessary for the diagnosis. It is important to make the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in affected adults in order to prescribe appropriate therapy, avoid unnecessary operations, anticipate complications that are not common to other respiratory diseases, provide genetic counselling and initiate appropriate screening procedures to detect the disease in close relatives.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis in adults: the unsuspected pulmonary diagnosis. 125 48

Young dogs of two age groups, six weeks and 12 weeks respectively, were infected by aerosol with a strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica which had been isolated from a dog with pneumonia. Clinical respiratory disease characterised by coughing and in some cases purulent nasal discharge was induced in both groups of infected dogs and also in dogs kept in contact. B bronchiseptica was recovered from the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and lung parenchyma of infected and contact animals. At necropsy, masses of Gram-negative bacteria were found trapped in the cilia of the respiratory epithelia and there was an exudate containing neutrophils in the mucosae of the respiratory tract at all levels. A close similarity was noted between the lesions produced in the dog and those described in pertussis infection in man. Experimental respiratory disease in the dog due to B bronchiseptica may offer a model system for the study of the human disease.
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PMID:Experimental respiratory disease in dogs due to Bordetella bronchiseptica. 125 23

The occurrence of respiratory disease at two Meat and Livestock Commission bull performance test centres over a period of three years is assessed. During this period a change in the system of testing was introduced so as to allow younger bulls to enter the centre and also to increase their throughput. This resulted in an increase in the incidence of pneumonia of more than five times. The management at one centre was changed to counteract this disease problem and the level of pneumonia was greatly reduced. Most respiratory disease occurred within the first month of entry to the centres. There was more infection during the second half of the year and especially in the October to December quarter. There appeared to be some relationship between the time bulls were weaned prior to entry to the centres and the incidence of pneumonia.
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PMID:Factors affecting the incidence of pneumonia in growing bulls. 126 96

Parenteral immunization of C3H mice with viable Mycoplasma pulmonis organisms protected them from pneumonia induced by intranasal inoculation of these organisms. Spleen cells obtained from immunized mice were ineffective in preventing syngeneic recipients from developint respiratory disease. In contrast, convalescent-phase serum enhanced the clearance of mycoplasmas from the respiratory tract of mice challenged with a small number of organisms. Further, although 'immune' serum had no detectable effect on the number of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of mice challenged with a large number of organisms, such animals did not develop pneumonia. Since the pneumonia appears to be the results of the host's immune response to the mycoplasma, it is suggested that the transferred 'immune' serum may act by suppressing the immune response so that mice develop less severe lung lesions. This suggestion is supported by the observation that the complement-fixing antibody response of passively immunized mice was suppressed.
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PMID:Effects of active and passive immunization on Mycoplasma pulmonis-induced pneumonia in mice. 127 33

In order to investigate the potential involvement of pseudorabies virus (PRV) in swine respiratory disease, nine week old pigs were intranasally inoculated with the PRV strain 4892. Two doses of infection were used: 10(4.5) median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50)/pig and 10(3.5) TCID50/pig, with ten pigs per group. In the group of pigs inoculated with 10(4.5) TCID50, seven out of ten pigs died within six days after inoculation. The mortality rate in the group of pigs inoculated with the lower dose was only two out of ten and, there were several pigs in this group that showed signs of respiratory distress besides some mild nervous signs. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from various tissues collected postmortem, including alveolar macrophages. Virus localization in tissues was also detected by in situ hybridization. The histopathological examination of the respiratory tract tissues revealed a pathological process that was progressing from mild pneumonia to severe suppurative bronchopneumonia. The isolation of virus from alveolar macrophages provides support to the hypothesis that replication of PRV during the course of infection produces an impairment of the defense mechanisms in the respiratory tract.
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PMID:Study of the potential involvement of pseudorabies virus in swine respiratory disease. 131 99

Investigation of Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) antibodies in paired sera of 120 patients with various respiratory diseases revealed a prevalence of 4.2% of IgG seroconversion. IgG antibody without seroconversion was found in 83.3%. Sera of ten patients showed titers as high as 512-1024 or above. Children with no respiratory disease and blood donors in Budapest had specific IgG in 46.5% and 75.2% respectively. Prevalence of IgG antibody in children from the rural areas of Hungary was about 50% lower than in children in the capital. The high prevalence of persistent IgG, indicating earlier infection, suggests that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection may be endemic in Budapest. The small number of the serologically confirmed acute infections in hospitalized patients with pneumonia leads to the conclusion that the majority of patients with chlamydial pneumonia responds to the therapeutic regimen administered by the general practitioner and referral to hospital rarely becomes necessary.
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PMID:Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in Hungary. 142 23

By using enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescence antigen detection techniques on sputum specimens, four of 260 patients with pulmonary infection resident in tropical Queensland were found to be infected with Chlamydia. All four chlamydial infections were community-acquired and there was no history of close contact with birds by any of the four patients. One woman was deemed to be suffering with Chlamydia pneumonia, while the role of the organism in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in the other three patients was indeterminate. At present, the incidence of pulmonary chlamydial infection in the population of tropical Queensland does not warrant routine testing, but investigations for these organisms should be undertaken in patients who present to their physicians with atypical pulmonary infection or whose clinical conditions are refractory to penicillin/ampicillin therapy.
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PMID:Community-acquired pulmonary infection due to Chlamydia in tropical Queensland. 152 67


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