Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured serum levels of IgG subclasses in 100 healthy adult humans and 64 patients with respiratory infections by utilizing the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were composed of 18 patients with acute bacterial pneumonia and bacterial infection of 9 patients with pulmonary emphysema, 27 patients with chronic bronchitis and 10 patients with bronchiectasis. In healthy adults, serum levels of IgG1 subclass decreased in proportion of age increase. Serum levels of IgG2 rose after 30 years of age. Serum levels of IgG3 and IgG4 showed no remarkable changes by age. In patients with respiratory infectious disease, serum levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 decreased significantly but IgG3 increased significantly. We also measured serum levels of IgG subclasses in 10 patients with acute bacterial pneumonia and bacterial infection of 5 patients with pulmonary emphysema, 12 patients with chronic bronchitis and 4 patients with bronchiectasis at both infected and convalescent phases. The serum levels of IgG2 in patients with pneumonia and pulmonary emphysema at convalescent phase were significantly lower than those in the patients of infected phase. Other subclasses showed no significant change. We summarized that IgG2 was consumed at the infected phase by protecting against bacterial infections. IgG2 probably has an important role of protecting against bacterial respiratory infections among all IgG subclasses.
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PMID:[Serum levels of healthy adult humans and changes of IgG subclass levels between infected and convalescent phase in respiratory infections]. 188 Apr 47

Late diagnoses of foreign body aspiration were defined as occurring beyond 3 days between the aspiration of the foreign body, or onset of symptoms, and correct diagnosis. We reviewed a total of 210 children with late diagnosis of foreign body aspiration. The causes creating late diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in children were as follows: (1) parental negligence (106/210, 50%); (2) misdiagnosis by the fellow professionals and pediatricians (39/210, 19%); (3) the normal chest roentgenographic findings (29/210, 14%); (4) lack of typical symptoms and signs (26/210, 12%); (5) mismanagement (8/210, 4%); and (6) a negative bronchoscopic finding (2/210, 1%). The most common complications encountered were obstructive emphysema (77/186, 41%), mediastinal shift (63/186, 34%), pneumonia (43/186, 24%), and atelectasis (33/186, 18%) in 186 patients who underwent a chest roentgenographic examination. The incidence of major complications was 64% (48/75) in the children who were diagnosed within 4 to 7 days; however, the complication rate was 70% (39/56) in those with a delay in diagnosis of 15 to 30 days, and 95% (20/21) in the cases with a delay in diagnosis of over 30 days after aspirating the foreign bodies.
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PMID:The causes and complications of late diagnosis of foreign body aspiration in children. Report of 210 cases. 189 18

A case is reported of adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) combined with barotrauma due to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy. The patient was a 32-year-old woman with fulminant hepatitis, type B, who died of ARDS 22 days after the onset of the illness. The autopsy revealed extraordinary heavy lungs (left: 923g, right: 985g) with edema in the peripheral part and marked emphysematous changes in the central part near the hili. Histologically, scattered foci of intra-alveolar organization and interstitial fibrosis with hemorrhage were observed, which might have been the result of the proceeding pneumonia. The emphysematous lesion seen in this case was peculiar and not like any type of of ordinary pulmonary emphysema. Judging from the strange, sharply demarcated emphysematous lesion with marked destruction of alveolar structure, and the good preservation of the alveolar structure in the edematous lesion, the emphysematous lesion might be barotrauma which was induced by PEEP therapy on top of pneumonia.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with peculiar histopathological features modified by a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) therapy]. 189 64

The clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) was investigated in pulmonary infections in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Out of 58 cases collected, 54 were evaluable for utility of CPFX including 20 with pneumonia, 34 with chronic bronchial infection. CPFX was given orally at 200 mg 3 times per day. In 20 cases of pneumonia, the mean age was 62.0 years underlying diseases were chronic bronchitis 9, bronchiectasis 6, inactive pulmonary tuberculosis 4, and diffuse panbronchiolitis 1. The efficacy rate of CPFX in this group was 90.0%. In 34 cases of chronic bronchial infection, the mean age was 59.8 years, underlying diseases included bronchiectasis 10, chronic bronchitis 8, inactive pulmonary tuberculosis 7, diffuse panbronchiolitis 5, and pulmonary emphysema 4. The efficacy rate of CPFX in this group was 70.6%. The overall efficacy rate in the entire cases was 77.8%, and we consider CPFX to be effective in the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ciprofloxacin in pulmonary infections in the patients with chronic respiratory diseases]. 192 Aug 9

Fifty six children with a birth weight of less than 1500 g and gestational age less than 34 weeks were studied at a mean age of 7.7 years. All had required mechanical ventilation, 36 suffered from hyaline membrane disease, 17 from atelectasis and three from pneumonia. Of these patients 37 developed broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The study included skin prick test, measurement of ciliary beat frequency, chest X-ray, whole-body plethysmography and histamine challenge. Eight patients suffered from recurrent pulmonary infections up to the age of 4 years. Eleven children had a positive skin prick test. Three suffered from allergic asthma and six from hay-fever. The family history of atopy in these premature infants was no different from that of the general population. Ciliary beat frequency was normal in all cases (frequency: 11.8 +/- 1.8 Hz). In 34 patients X-rays showed minimal changes (peribronchial thickening n = 6, mild emphysema n = 28). Pulmonary function was normal except for an increase of thoracic gas volume which was correlated to grade of BPD according to Northway. There was a significant correlation between oxygen-score and radiological stage of BPD (r = 0.7). Histamine challenge showed hyperresponsiveness in 53% of the children. Eight patients showed a threshold similar of mild asthma (less than 1000 micrograms histamine per ml). The degree of airway hyperreactivity was correlated to the grade of BPD (r = 0.7; p less than 0.01) and the oxygen-score (r = -0.63; p less than 0.05). The oxygen-score may be considered a predictor of hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary outcome in later childhood.
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PMID:[Pulmonary sequelae of long-term ventilation of very low birth weight premature infants. Results of a follow-up study of 6-to-9-year-old children]. 194 44

Between 6/88 and 8/89 61 critically ill patients (sepsis, ARDS, pneumonia, multiple trauma, etc.) underwent elective percutaneous endoscopic tracheostomy (PET). Following dilation up to 36 Fr. a number 6-10 tracheostomy tube was introduced. The patients were ventilated 17 (2-68 days) before and 28 (4-160) days after PET. One patient died from cardiac arrest, and in 4 patients, because of tube obstruction or cuff defect, reintubation was necessary. Additionally 2 significant infections and a minor bleeding and a emphysema occurred. Elective percutaneous tracheostomy performed in the ICU seems to be a simple and cost-effective procedure.
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PMID:[Percutaneous endoscopic tracheostomy]. 198 39

Between 50 to 60% of all polytraumatized patients have a thoracic injury with a mortality of 30 to 60%. The first diagnostic steps involving symptoms such as in- or expiratory pain, emphysema of the skin, flail chest or sipping noise lead via clinical examination to first and often definitive therapeutic procedures, i.e. intubation, artificial respiration and insertion of chest tube. X-ray of the chest, computed tomography as well as ultrasonic screening and monitoring of arterial blood gases are important in in-door technical diagnosis. The decision for emergency room thoracotomy or a regular or delayed operation has to be made at times. Complications (20%) to consider are pneumo- and haematothorax, pleural rind, pneumonia, broncho-pleural fistula and most of all pleural empyema.
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PMID:[Lung injuries: diagnosis and surgical strategy]. 198 16

Between 1980 and 1989, 69 children underwent lung resection in our department. 45 of them (25 boys, 20 girls, age 0-9 years) presented with atelectatic areas of the lung parenchyma, which had been demonstrated preoperatively in only 76%. Resections were performed for bronchial malformations (n = 7), sequestration (6), cysts (6), aspiration (1), pyocele following pulmonary artery ligation (1), upper lobe torsion (1), chronic pneumonia and/or bronchiectasis (14) and lobar emphysema with lung compression (10). The overall mortality was 4/45. Indications are discussed with special reference to the persistent or recurrent atelectasis.
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PMID:[Chronic atelectasis--an indication for lung resection in early childhood?]. 198 67

Between December 1983 and April 1989, 222 combined heart and lung transplant operations were performed for treatment of pulmonary vascular disease and parenchymal lung disease at Harefield Hospital. Seventeen of these patients had emphysema, and 11 of them were followed up for a minimum of 1 year. There were nine male and two female patients. Their mean age was 39 (range, 32 to 54) years. Seven had alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Six patients were receiving continuous oxygen therapy, and two patients were dependent on a ventilator. Postoperatively, the patients' lungs were ventilated for a median of 3 days (range, 24 hours to 2 weeks). Two patients subsequently required further periods of ventilation. Immunosuppression consisted of azathioprine and cyclosporine. Three patients also received low-dose oral steroids. There was one early death, which occurred on the second postoperative day. The remaining patients were followed up for 12 to 53 (mean, 22) months. One patient had cytomegalovirus pneumonitis 6 weeks postoperatively that responded to treatment. There was one late death at 14 months after reoperation for treatment of obliterative bronchiolitis. The overall survival was 91% at 1 year. All survivors achieved an excellent level of rehabilitation. It is concluded that the medium-term results of heart and lung transplantation for treatment of emphysema are good and that patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency may undergo transplant procedures without substitution therapy.
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PMID:Medium-term results of combined heart and lung transplantation for emphysema. 200 66

Thirty consecutive patients undergoing lung resections were randomized into two groups: Group A (n = 15) received minitracheotomy postoperatively and group B (n = 15) were control patients. Postoperative respiratory course was monitored by serial clinical assessments, chest x-ray examination, arterial blood gases, sputa bacterial cultures, and the patient's requirement and response to chest physiotherpy. The two groups were similarly matched in age (mean 58.5 years), smoking habits, pulmonary functions, and surgical procedures. Postoperative pulmonary complications of collapse/consolidation developed in 11 patients (two in group A and nine in group B) (p less than 0.03). Four patients (all in group B) required nimitracheotomy in addition to antibiotics and chest physiotherapy to treat their pneumonia. Chest physiotherapy requirement was less in group A than in group B, with a mean number of sessions of seven in group A and eight in group B and a mean total time of 92 minutes in group A and 112 minutes in group B. The mean duration of minitracheotomy was 4.13 days. Minor temporary symptoms resulted from the minitracheotomy in eight patients (42%) and included discomfort, voice changes, subcutaneous emphysema, and stridor. There was one case of long-term morbidity (5%)-skin scarring from wound infection at the site of the minitracheotomy. No postoperative deaths resulted. We conclude that the prophylactic use of minitracheotomy is safe and effective in decreasing postoperative respiratory complications in patients undergoing lung resections.
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PMID:Prophylactic minitracheotomy in lung resections. A randomized controlled study. 202 47


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