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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibiotic sensitivity of 486 strains of grampositive and gramnegative organisms isolated from patients with purulent infections was studied in vitro. Gentamicin was shown to be highly active as compared to kanamycin and other antibiotics against the main causative agents of purulent inflammatory infections including multiresistant E. coli, Proteus, Ps. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus. High efficiency of gentamicin in therapy of peritonitis, septic conditions, purulent postoperative wounds, infections of the urinary tract, pneumonia, etc. (197 patients) was shown. Positive results were obtained in 87.4 per cent of the cases. Side effects, such as albuminuria, hyperthermic reaction, rash, pruritus were registered in 3 per cent of the patients.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of gentamicin sulfate in suppurative-inflammatory processes of varying localization]. 32 51

The study on sensitivity of clinical strains of the causative agents of purulent infections to carbenicillin showed that 34.6% of the staphylococcal strains, 48.1% of the E. coli strains and 40.3% of the Proteus strains were sensitive to the antibiotic. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa were characterized by moderate sensitivity to carbenicillin. The MTC for most of the isolates ranged within 25-128 microgram/ml. High therapeutic efficacy of carbenicillin in treatment of cases with purulent inflammatory processes of various localization was shown. Positive results were obtained in 82.5% of the adults and 76.2% of the premature infants treated with carbenicillin. A satisfactory therapeutic effect was observed in the cases with sepsis, diffuse purulent peritonitis and abscessing pneumonia treated with carbenicillin in combination with gentamicin.
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PMID:[Clinical effectiveness of carbenicillin in suppurative inflammatory processes of varying localization]. 38 Apr 55

Sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is especially effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. It has a bactericidal action. Although sisomicin is similar to the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, there is not complete cross-resistance to them. Our own pharmacokinetic investigations showed that a dose of 2--3 mg/kg body weight of sisomicin twice daily is necessary in the neonatal period. Infants should be given 2.5 mg/kg body weight three times daily, and school children 1.5--20 mg/kg body weight, likewise three times daily. Excretion of sisomicin in the urine is lower in children than in adults, amounting within 24 hours to only 10--20% in newborns, and 30--40% in school-children. Sisomicin induces excretion of some enzymes in higher quantities from the tubular part of the kidneys, especially alaninaminopeptidase. A report is given on 58 patients, especially newborns and prematures, who were treated for about seven days with sisomicin. The results obtained with a wide variety of infections (such as omphalitis, aspiration of amniotic fluid with broncho-pneumonia, phlegmons of the galea, and also pyelonephritis and mucoviscidosis with pulmonary complications) can be described as good, with a success rate of 85%. On only seven occasions were insignificant transitory side-effects, such as slight increase in transaminases, toxic-allergic exanthema and pain in the region in injection, observed.
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PMID:[Experience with sisomicin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 38 23

Clinical efficacy of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, sisomicin, was evaluated in 14 patients with acute chest infections (12 cases with pneumonia and 2 with bronchitis). They were selected taking into account the isolation of sisomicin-sensitive Gram-negative bacilli in a sputum specimen collected prior to therapy. Local predisposing factors were present in 4 patients whereas general predisposing factors were present in 4 patients whereas general predisposing factors were recognizable in 9. Klebsiella was isolated in 5 cases, E. coli in 5 cases, Proteus in 4 cases, P. aeruginosa in 2 cases, Ct-trobacter and Providencia each in one. In all patients the bacteriological finding was negative after the cycle of therapy; clinical outcome was uniformly favourable (11 patients healed, 3 got better). No significant adverse effects due to the antibiotic was noted.
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PMID:[Results of the use of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, sisomicin, in gram negative bacterial respiratory infections]. 49 51

In this study, 154 cases of suspected bacterial urinary tract infection were examined bacteriologically. Urine cultures yielded, E. coli in 84 patients Citrobacter in 22 (C. freundii: 9, C. diversus: 9) Proteus in 21 (P. vulgaris: 6, P. morgani: 4, P. rettgeri: 2. P. mirabilis: 4, lactose fermenting strains: 5), Pseudomonas in 12 (P. aeruginosa: 5, other strains of Pseudomonas: 7), Klebsiella in 9 (K. aerogenes: 3, K. pneumonia: 6) and Enterobacter in 6 patients (E. aerogenes: 1, E. cloacae: 5). In vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that gentamicin, nalidixic acid, bactrim and gantrisin were the most effective antibacterial agents respectively. Multiple resistances was found in 39 strains of E. coli out of 84. In other species multiple resistance was found in varying degrees. It is concluded that. Every measure should be taken to eradicate the causative organisms in the urinary tract in children.
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PMID:[The role of enteric bacteria in childhood urinary tract infections and their in vitro response to antimicrobial agents]. 55 89

Of 611 prospectively studied patients in a surgical intensive care unit, 177 developed hospital infections (29%): urinary tract infections (37.2%), pneumonia (22.5%), sepsis (19.7%), wound infections (9.6%), etc. The commonest pathogens were Pseud. aeruginosa, E. coli, Staph. aureus, enterococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. In preventing and combating hospital infections in intensive care units, priority should be given not to antibiotics but to hygiene in the hospital. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis prevents neither hospital-contracted pneumonia, sepsis nor urinary tract infections. There is an urgent need for controlled studies on the necessity and selection of locally active antibacterial and antimycotic substances to prevent germ ascension in vein and bladder catheters.
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PMID:[Antibiotic prophylaxis in intensive care]. 72 86

In contrast to the findings in newly caught babboons in Africa, the leading cause of death in captivity in America was a pneumonia and enteritis complex. Bacterial species such as Proteus morgani, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas paracolon, pathogenic Escherichia coli and cocci have been isolated in association with a pneumoenteric syndrome of 35 newborn baboons, including neonates. The majority of these animals died with pulmonary factors such as anoxia and pneumonia.
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PMID:A review of 105 necropsies in captive baboons (Papio cynocephalus). 80 67

Since fosfomycin has behaved in vitro as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, an attempt has been made to evaluate this behaviour in controlled clinical study carried out at different Spanish hospitals. A total of 959 patients were treated for some of the following infectious clinical processes: gonococcal urethritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, chronic otorrhoea, septicaemia, meningitis, peritonitis, surgical and suppurative infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngoamygdalitis, burns, endometritis, ocular infection, whooping cough and nasal carriers of S. aureus. The results obtained as a function of the microorganism isolated in these clinical processes in percentage of clinical and bacteriological success have been 96% of the S. aureus infections, 95% of the Streptococcus sp. including S. pneumoniae, 90% of the N. gonorrhoeae infections, 94% of the E. coli infections including enteropathogenic E. coli, 90% of the S. marcescens infections, 76% of the Proteus sp. infections, 72% of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter infections, 66% of P. aeruginosa infections and 78% of the S. typhi infections.
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PMID:Bacteriological evaluation of fosfomycin in clinical studies. 83 23

Intrapulmonary antibacterial activity in normal mice and mice with viral pneumonia was determined after continous exposure to the pure tobacco smoke component, acrolein. After inhalation challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis, exposure to 1 to 2 ppm of acrolein significantly suppressed the intrapulmonary killing of the organisms in normal mice compared to control mice not exposed to acrolein. Sendai virus pneumonia depressed pulmonary antibacterial defenses in a virus dose-related fashion. Exposure of the mice infected with virus to acrolein resulted in a further suppression of intrapulmonary bacterial killing to the extent that, in most instances, the bacteria proliferated in the lungs. These data demonstrate that the cigarette smoke component, acrolein, not only depresses pulmonary bactericidal activity, but can also act as a stressor in aggravating an underlying disease process, resulting in an additional impairment of pulmonary antibacterial defenses.
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PMID:Adverse effect of a cigarette smoke component, acrolein, on pulmonary antibacterial defenses and on viral-bacterial interactions in the lung. 83 91

Ampicillin introduced in 1961 has been administered in the treatment of diverse infections by both oral and parenteral means. Oral infections of the upper airways such as otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia have responded with high success rates since the microorganisms involved have remained sensitive to ampicillin. Similarly, out-patient urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and enterococci are cured. Typhoid fever may yet be treated with ampicillin, but shigellosis has become refractory with the development of resistant strains. Ampicillin has assumed a prominent role in the treatment of gonorrhoea. Parenteral ampicillin is still a mainstay of the treatment of Hemophilus meningitis, but the recent appearance of ampicillin resistant strains may become a serious problem. A number of derivatives and analogues of ampicillin have been developed. Among the compounds, hetacillin, metampicillin and pivampicillin which hydrolyze in the body to yield ampicillin, only pivampicillin appears to offer advantage over the parent compound. Blood levels are twice those of a comparable dose of ampicillin. However, more comparisons with ampicillin in clinical situations are needed. The other analogues of ampicillin are epicillin, cyclacillin and amoxicillin. Epicillin has no superiority to ampicillin, and the cyclacillin data do not show clear superiority over ampicillin in spite of initially high blood levels, since the compound is less active and so rapidly cleared from the body. Amoxicillin, on the other hand, has been shown to have it vitro activity equal to ampicillin and to produce higher blood levels for a longer period of time. Clinical studies have substantiated efficacy in treatment of otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and urinary tract infections at doses half those of ampicillin. It has been effective in gonorrhoea and typhoid, but not in shigellosis. It would seem that to date only pivampicillin and amoxicillin, particularly the later, should be considered as replacements of ampicillin in oral therapy.
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PMID:Aminopenicillins - clinical pharmacology and use in disease states. 109 2


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