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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of experimental and clinical study of infections with the aerosol mechanism of infection there was revealed a relationship between the fractional-dispersive composition of the microbial aerosol, the porta of infection and the clinico-pathogenetic peculiarities of the course of the disease. On the example of tularemia, plague and other nosological forms it was demonstrated that coarse-dispersive aerosol caused development of oculo-bubonic and anginous-bubonic form of the disease, whereas the high-dispersive aerosol led to the appearance of primary pneumonia. In experimental aerosol infection with the causative agents in which the infection under natural conditions is not air-borne (botulism, American horse encephalo-myelitis, etc.) specific disease as a rule develops without any primary affection of the respiratory organs.
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PMID:[Effect of the site of microbial aerosol application on the pathogenesis and clinical picture of aerosol infection]. 18 56

A bulging fissure sign was noticed on chest roentgenogram in a patient with H influenzae pneumonia. This sign is usually associated with Klebsiella pneumonia and has also been seen in pneumococcal and plague pneumonia, tuberculosis, mass lesions of the lung, and large lung abscesses. This is thought to be the first report of a bulging fissure sign associated with pneumonia due to H influenzae.
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PMID:Bulging (sagging) fissure sign in Hemophilus influenzae lobar pneumonia. 30 60

Quantitative blood cultures were obtained from 42 patients with acute Yersinia pestis infection to determine whether the concentration of bacteria in blood influenced the clinical severity and outcome of illness. In 17 bacteremic patients, colony counts in blood cultures ranged from less than 10 to 4 X 10(7)/ml. Three of five patients with colony counts of greater than 10(2)/ml died, and two patients survived episodes of hypotension. Results from plasma limulus tests were positive at the time of admission in three of 10 patients tested, and these three patients had bacteremia with colony counts of greater than 10(2)/ml. Meningitis developed in three patients and pneumonia in two patients; these five patients a-l had buboes in the axillary region. Endotoxin was detected with the limulus test in the cerebrospinal fluid in the three patients with meningitis. Ten patients randomly assigned to receive streptomycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole survived. Those treated with streptomycin had a shorter median duration of fever and a lower incidence of complications than did the patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
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PMID:Yersinia pestis infection in Vietnam. II. Quantiative blood cultures and detection of endotoxin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis. 126 15

The clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic features of 119 cases of plague in cats from 1977 to 1988 in New Mexico were reviewed. Fifty-three percent were bubonic, 10% were pneumonic, 8% were septicemic, and 29% with neither buboes nor pneumonia were unclassified (but presumed septicemic). Three quarters of the lymphadenopathy was submandibular, and almost half of this was bilateral. One third of all cats had the triad of lethargy, anorexia, and fever in addition to buboes; one quarter had this triad plus abscesses. The overall mortality rate was 33%, with the greatest risk of death in pneumonic cases. For confirmatory diagnosis with a single laboratory test, fluorescent antibody was most frequently used (39% of cases). Cultures and passive hemagluttination titers were also used for confirmation. Gross and histologic findings depended on the type of plague, with Yersinia pestis organisms visualized in buboes of cats with bubonic plague and in the alveolar spaces and respiratory tubules of cats with pneumonic plague.
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PMID:Clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic features of plague in cats: 119 cases (1977-1988). 175 74

Influenza is a modern day plague. In the young, the clinical picture is classical, but in the elderly, the disease may go unsuspected until complications such as pneumonia develop. Influenza A and B viruses are responsible, and these viruses mutate with great regularity. Antibodies to the HA and NA surface antigens of influenza viruses, both naturally and vaccine induced, are protective. The earliest influenza vaccines were crude, toxic, and ineffective. With modern purification techniques, the egg-grown viruses have been turned into safe, immunogenic, and effective killed-virus vaccines--whole virus and split virus. Surveillance permits the correct virus strains to be incorporated into each new vaccine. Those who have been experiencing the worst effects of influenza have been identified. These individuals need to be immunized each year. In the future, live influenza virus vaccines may offer the benefits of ease of administration and longer-lasting protection. Synthetic peptides, genetically engineered antigens, and even nonantigen (anti-idiotype) vaccines are possible, but such vaccines will require adjuvant enhancement. For the present, greater efforts must be made to use existing influenza vaccines.
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PMID:Now and future influenza vaccines. 240 75

Mortality rates and the prevalence of disease were assessed in 115 flocks of traditionally managed sheep and goats in two Divisions of the North West Province of Cameroon by means of a questionnaire to the owners. The mortality rate was significantly higher in sheep than in goats and also higher in young stock than in adults. Tethering the animals during the day resulted in significantly lower mortality in both adult and young sheep and also in kids. Disease problems of small ruminants, identified on the basis of signs reported by their owners, included intestinal parasitism, especially helminthiasis, tick infestation and associated diseases, pneumonia, goat plague (peste des petits ruminants) and Oestrus ovis infestation. Treatment of sick animals was only practised on a very small scale, often by possibly ineffective traditional methods. The owners identified tick infestation and diarrhoea as common causes of death. Recommendations are made on control measures suitable for application in this area.
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PMID:Disease and mortality in small ruminants in the North West Province of Cameroon. 279 46

Within a 2 month period 131 Ethiopian immigrants were admitted for treatment at a general hospital in Jerusalem. There were 52 patients with malaria, 13 with typhoid fever, 24 with pneumonia, seven with tuberculosis, nine with shigella and 11 with campylobacter. Over three-quarters of these patients were anaemic. In the majority of cases anaemia was normocytic and was most probably secondary to malaria and other intercurrent infections. The prevalence of diffuse non-toxic goitre was 7% in children and 19% in adults with a male to female ratio of 4:13. A positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test was found in 4% of sera tested and a positive HBsAg in 13%. IgG antibodies to HBc antigen were found in 75% of subjects. All patients with infectious diseases responded to therapy and, despite their poor condition at arrival, there were no fatalities and no late sequelae. The high HBsAg carrier state calls attention to the risk of vertical transmission by infected mothers and underlines the need for active immunization of infants at risk. The high prevalence of untreated tuberculosis and malaria poses a potential public health hazard, but with the current systematic screening of this population leading to identification and effective treatment of affected subjects, chances for the practical eradication of malaria and tuberculosis are excellent. Finally, the large scale transfer of a population from rural Africa to a modern and largely urban society presents a unique opportunity for a prospective study of the impact of environment on the emergence of diseases which plague modern society such as diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer.
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PMID:Medical problems in Ethiopian refugees airlifted to Israel: experience in 131 patients admitted to a general hospital. 346 61

After one week of nonspecific symptoms, pneumonia and an extremely tender and enlarged cervical lymph node developed in a 12-year-old girl who lived in an area of New Mexico known to have plague-infected rodents. Cultures from an aspirate of the node, her sputum, and blood all showed growth of Yersinia pestis. She was treated successfully with aminoglycosides and tetracycline. As the pneumonia resolved, areas of consolidation were replaced by cavitary lesions.
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PMID:Multiple lung cavities in a 12-year-old girl with bubonic plague, sepsis, and secondary pneumonia. 372 14

We review the cases of 19 successfully treated plague patients, with emphasis on the clinical and epidemiologic features of the disease. Proper staining and culturing of bubo aspirates; prompt institution of streptomycin, chloramphenicol or tetracycline therapy in presumptive cases, and supportive care are the crucial factors in the treatment of plague. This disease should be considered in patients in a toxic condition who have lymphadenitis, pneumonia or septic shock and who have been in endemic areas within the past ten days.
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PMID:Nineteen cases of plague in Arizona. A spectrum including ecthyma gangrenosum due to plague and plague in pregnancy. 401 79

Primary plague pneumonia occurred in a 47-year-old South Lake Tahoe woman shortly after face-to-face exposure to her plague pneumonia-infected cat. Both died. Field investigation revealed a recent plague epizootic in squirrels and chipmunks around the patient's home. Control measures included active surveillance and chemoprophylaxis of 197 contacts to the victim, a community alert on methods of self- and pet protection, and application of insecticide to reduce rodent flea populations. No secondary cases occurred.
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PMID:Primary plague pneumonia contracted from a domestic cat at South Lake Tahoe, Calif. 669 94


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