Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The primary hypogammaglobulinemias, with onset of acute and recurrent bacterial infections in infancy and early childhood, consist of a heterogeneous group of largely genetically determined antibody deficiency states including that congenital sex-linked form, Bruton's agammaglobulinemia. Patients with panhypogammaglobulinemia require continuous gamma globulin therapy; in spite of this, they continue to develop infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the form of otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobranchitis, or pneumonia of a chronic and recurrent nature. The frequency and severity of these infections vary from patient to patient. These episodes all respond to antibiotic administration, often with a prolonged course. Many patients develop permanent pulmonary sequelae in the form of atelectasis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Most of these changes involve focal areas of the lower right middle and left lingular lobes. Occasionally, the patient may develop generalized bronchiectasis but without hilar lymphadenopathy. Management emphasizes early detection, early institution of gamma globulin treatment, and administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy at the earliest onset of infection. Good pulmonary toilet, nutritional care, emotional care, and a loving home environment are of utmost importance. These patients should be followed in a medical center with the joint effort of specialists in various disciplines.
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PMID:Respiratory complications of primary hypogammaglobulinemia. 7 Jul 74

Special physical examinations were made in order to find out the actual status of damages to health that had broken out in a factory collecting V2O5 from iron sand; and the following results were found: 1. Pharyngitis and bronchitis were found in 25% of the workers exposed to vanadium, but neither pneumonia nor hepatitis was observed. 2. Among the subjective and objective symptoms, respiratory irritation and discoloration of the tongue were frequent. 3. Black spot-like pigmentations gathering in a zonal form 1-2 mm wide in the transitional part and oral mucosa of the upper lip were found. Prevalence rate of this sign was 14.3% in the workers exposed to vanadium. 4. The mean valus of total serum protein and the serum cholesterol in the exposed workers were lower than those in the controls. The difference in the values between both groups is statistically significant. 5. Both the mean values of vanadium concentrations in vurine and its creatinine ratios in the exposed workers were twice to three times those in the controls; however, these parameters decreased to about one third in two months by improving the health and environmental control-measures. 6. Draft items to be checked in special physical examinations of workers handling vanadium have been proposed.
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PMID:[Results of the special physical examination of workers in a vanadium plant (author's transl)]. 47 Feb 10

Mycoplasmal pneumonia, tularemic pneumonia, Q fever pneumonia, psittacosis, and Legionnaires' disease are the most frequently encountered treatable atypical pneumonias. Mycoplasmal pneumonia, the most common, is often accompanied by nonexudative pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, or otitis. The nonproductive cough is characteristic. Tularemic pneumonia is characterized by substernal chest pain, bloody pleural effusion, and bilateral hilar adenopathy. Although the clinical presentation is mild, roentgenographic findings are impressive. Q fever pneumonia resembles psittacosis but is less serious; it may be accompanied by subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, or both. Psittacosis is characterized by prominent headache, bloody sputum, and relative bradycardia. Tetracycline is the drug of choice for either. In Legionnaires' disease, pneumonia is accompanied by prominent extrapulmonary symptoms. The most important diagnostic clues include diarrhea and mental confusion. Relative bradycardia and laboratory abnormalities are also helpful. Erythromycin is the drug of choice unless doubt exists as to the diagnosis.
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PMID:The atypical pneumonias: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. 47 55

Seven cases of adult Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections diagnosed by positive blood cultures are compared with cases previously reported in the English literature. Three patients had pneumonia, while the others had epiglottitis with meningitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, and endocarditis, respectively. Nonendocarditic manifestations of adult H parainfluenzae infection were reported in four other cases. In addition to the diseases of our patients, H parainfluenzae also has been isolated from cerebral abscesses. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Patients did well with antibiotic therapy and there were no deaths. Report of antibiotic sensitivity testing of 50 strains disclosed 6% of isolates resistant to ampicillin sodium, with all sensitive to chloramphenicol. If the antibiotic sensitivity of the organism is unknown, then chloramphenicol therapy should be instituted until adequate susceptibility studies have been performed. If the organism is sensitive to ampicillin, then this is the drug of choice.
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PMID:Adult bacteremic Haemophilus parainfluenzae infections. Seven reports of cases and a review of the literature. 47 36

In the course of two years (1974-76) four outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in the premature children's ward of a Prague hospital were studied virologically and clinically. RS virus (RSV) was found to be the aetiological agent. The highest isolation rate of RSV was achieved when using two heteroploid cell lines (L-132 and HEp-2 cells) simultaneously. Of the 30 children examined, 60% showed a severe course of disease (pneumonia and/or bronchiolitis) while in 40% of the children the disease had the form of rhinitis with striking abundance of whitish foamy secretions. In one of the outbreaks under study, two nurses with mild afebrile pharyngitis were detected as the source of RSV infection.
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PMID:Incidence of RS virus infections in premature children's ward. 57 97

We retrospectively reviewed the manifestations of influenza A2 in 83 hospitalized young children. Our purpose was to define the spectrum of clinical illness in this age group. Findings included fever (91%), vomiting or diarrhea (49%), pharyngitis (34%), pneumonitis (29%), otitis media (24%), conjunctivitis (13%), croup (13%), and bronchiolitis (6%). Neuromuscular manifestations occurred in 16 patients (19%) and included seizures, apnea, opisthotonos, and myositis. Three children had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Children younger than 3 months of age had fever less often and gastrointestinal symptoms more often than older children. Threee children died of progressive pneumonitis. We conclude that influenza A2 may cause a wide range of respiratory and neurologic findings in infancy and early childhood.
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PMID:Type A2 influenza viral infections in children. 62 60

Sera from 103 fasting individuals 3 to 76 years of age and free of clinical infectious disease and sera from 183 patients with infectious disease were assayed for serum total non-esterfied fatty acids (tNEFA) and compared. Data were also separated into five groups according to age of donor: 3--7, 8--19, 20--35, 36--60, and 61--76 years. The mean group serum levels of tNEFA increased with age. Among patients with infectious diseases sixty-five were diagnosed as having hepatitis, 41 with infectious mononucleosis, 18 with cellulitis, 12 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 11 with non-pneumococcal pneumonia, 9 with pneumococcal pneumonia, 8 with pharyngitis, 6 with pyelonephritis, 6 with aseptic meningitis, 4 with Gram-negative sepsis, and 3 with encephalitis. The sera from 23 non-fasting patients with gonorrhea were also tested. The serum tNEFA levels were found to be altered, in fact depressed from normal group values, only in patients with pneumonia or tuberculosis. This depression may be related to aberrant pulmonary metabolism during pneumonia.
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PMID:Reduced level of non-esterified fatty acids in sera from patients with infectious respiratory disease. 69 41

A total of 102 studies were conducted on 89 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy while on a protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program. Major infections occurred during 22 studies. The majority of both minor and major infections originated during the first five weeks after the patients entered the protected environment units. The frequency of infectious complications was inversely related to the circulating neutrophil count. The majority of infections were cases of cellulitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia and septicemia. Most of the infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli. The majority of organisms causing infection had persisted in the patients after their entry into the protected environment units despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics.
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PMID:Infections in cancer patients on a protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program. 81 21

Acute bacterial infections are a common cause of pediatric visits to the emergency department. The diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis, otitis media, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, acute bacterial lymphadenitis and gastroenteritis are reviewed. The authors propose the use of a limited number of antibiotic agents including penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephalexin, a sulfonamide and tetracycline to improve efficiency and quality of care and to allow physicians to become familar with the drugs' characteristics, indications, dosage and side effects.
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PMID:Common childhood bacterial infections. 93 94

Inability to accurately diagnose infection in granulocytopenic patients is a major cause for morbidity and mortality, and prompted this study of 344 infections (pharyngitis, skin infection, pneumonia, anorectal infection, and urinary tract infection) in a select group of cancer patients. Strikingly similar alterations in clinical presentation were found for all infections that developed in profoundly granulocytopenic patients. Physical findings of exudate, fluctuation, ulceration or fissure, local heat, swelling, and regional adenopathy were all less prevalent in the granulocytopenic patient, while fever was much more common. Only erythema and local pain or tenderness were present in practically all patients regardless of site of infection or level of granulocyte count. A better understanding of how granulocytopenia affects the presentation of infection should lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis and potentially to more successful therapy.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of infection in granulocytopenic patients. 105 68


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