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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The AA. present the results obtained determining by the F.C. test the antibodies for respiraotry viruses and for Mycoplasma pneumoniae over 1112 patients, of which 742 affected with pathological respiratory processes, during the period 1971-1975. 104 patient have shown a significant correlation between respiratory disease and antibody movement for M. pneumoniae. They have been classified according to their clinical-radiological properties as follows: 38 affected with pneumonia; 37 affected with pleuritis; 29 affected with tracheobronchitis. Particularly interesting is the range of occurrence of the disease: we have noticed a high incidence in the period 1971-1972, followed by an almost complete disappearance of pathological instances in the period 1973-first semester of 1975, and signs of a new recrudescence in the second semester of 1975. These data have been confirmed also by investigations carried out among healthy people. It has also to be pointed out the possibility of family's epidemicity, and the AA. report two epidemic cases under personal observation.
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PMID:[The "mycoplasma pneumoniae" in pathological respiratory processes. Serological disease (author's transl)]. 103 80

From 1967-1973, a total of 54 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from patients suffering from different acute respiratory diseases, with an average positive isolation rate of 4.7%. Most mycoplasmas were isolated from patients aged 40-60, and with pneumonia of primary atypical pneumonias. The highest frequency of isolation was found in sputum collected 4-8 days after onset of illness. Colony formation on PPLO medium usually occurred 7-12 days after incubation. Serological tests were methods of choice for diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia. In the 6 years period, 163 patients were diagnosed: 74 were positive only by metabolic inhibition test (MIT), 55 were positive only by cold agglutination test (CAT), and 34 gave positive by both tests. Of the above 2 tests, the CAT is nonspecific, but the MIT appears to be more sensitive and specific. Of the 94 sera positive by MIT, 42 (48.2%) were also positive by CAT; of those negative by MIT, 45 of 507 (8.8%) were positive by CAT. Of 45 sera with positive mycoplasma isolation, 37 (82.2%) were also positive by MIT, but only 22 (48.9%) showed the rises of CAT titers. Clinical features of mycoplasmal pneumonia were almost similar to those described by the other investigators. The chief symptoms were fever, coughs, chills, rales, malaise, sore throat headache and chest pain. The sedimentation rate of erythrocytes was accelerated. White count was normal in most cases. Both leucocytosis and leucopenia were found in 10% of the cases. Seasonal variation in incidence of mycoplasmal pneumonia was not obvious, however the lowest incidence occurred during summer. A roentgenogram of the chest was necessary for diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia, and the lung infiltration was mainly located on right side (57.1%), segmentally, and limited to one lobe, especially the lower lobe.
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PMID:Mycoplasmal pneumonia in Chinese veterans. 103 86

Intranasal inoculation of M. pulmonis in mice and M. pneumoniae in hamsters results in pneumonia characterised by peribronchiolar and perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes. Thymus-dependent lymphocytes were depleted in mice by thymectomy and X-irradiation or treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS), and in hamsters by treatment with ALS. These procedures caused a reduction in the severity of pneumonic lesions in infected animals compared with infected immunologically normal animals. In addition, the organisms were present in slightly greater numbers in the lungs of the immunosuppressed animals. These results indicate the importance of thymus-dependent lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma-induced pulmonary disease. However, the role that these cells play in resistance to infection is not known and it may be that local secretory antibody is also important. Results of preliminary experiments involving hamster tracheal organ cultures infected with M. pneumoniae indicate that there is a factor present in lung washings from immune hamsters that protects against loss of ciliary activity brought about by M. pneumoniae.
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PMID:The part played by cell-mediated immunity in mycoplasma respiratory infections. 107 93

A boy, 2 years old, developed a HUS after a pneumonitis. He was treated with Heparin, salicylates and recurrent peritoneal dialysis and recovered slowly. The course of the disease was complicated by myocarditis, gastric hemorrhage and severe neurologic disturbances. 7 days after unset of hemolysis a cold agglutinin titer of 1:256 was detected. This fact arises the question whether infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the presence of cold agglutinins in serum could be involved in the development of HUS. The possibility of a viral etiology for this disease is discussed.
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PMID:[The presence of cold agglutinins in hemolytic uremic syndrome (author's transl)]. 108 69

Cattle that recover from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, the disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides, are usually immune to reinfection. Prohylactic inoculation against the disease has been practiced for over a century and utilizes the fact that even virulent strains of M. mycoides inoculated subcutaneously into fully susceptible cattle only very rarely produce pneumonia, but instead produce subcutaneous lesions which may or may not kill the animals depending on various factors including the site of the inoculation and virulence of the strains. Animals that survive are immune to further local infections or to the natural disease. The most successful vaccines at present consist of live attenuated strains of M. mycoides which produce a slight local reaction at the site of inoculation. It appears that vaccines made from inactivated organisms are poorly immunogenic and may even sensitize the animals thereby causing them to react more severely to subsequent challenge.
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PMID:Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia-protection following natural infection and vaccination. 109 78

In contrast to the uncertain role of mycoplasmas in genital disease, there is no doubt that they produce respiratory disease. The first mycoplasma isolated, M. mycoidesis is the aetiological agent of bovine pleuropneumonia, a disease now confined to parts of Africa and Australia. M. capri causes a similar disease in goats which is geographically more widespread. Enzootic pneumonia of pigs, seen in various parts of the world, is due primarily to M. suipneumoniae. Although some strains of M. hyorhinis also seem capable of causing disease. Not all strains of a mycoplasma species are equally pathogenic; only some strains of M. pulmonis produce severe respiratory disease in mice and rats. Further, concomitant infection with other agents may result in more severe disease; this is particularly seen in M. gallisepticum infections of poultry. Of those mycoplasmas which infect man, only M. pneumoniae is known to cause respiratory disease, mainly involving the younger age groups. Mycoplasmas spread by close contact so that disease is seen in family groups or where there is crowding or herding. Factors in resistance to respiratory disease caused by mycoplasmas have been poorly understood but the importance of local immunity is becoming more clear.
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PMID:The importance of mycoplasmas in respiratory infections. 109 79

Inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine produced antibody responses that reached protective levels in most individuals. These were almost equivalent to natural infection in amount and duration, and they persisted more than a year. Adverse effects were inconsequential. At Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, where the annual rate of mycoplasma pneumonia varied from 20 to 50 per 1000 since 1959, protection studies were conducted in 21, 199 men in 1964-1966 and in 13, 892 men in 1969-1971. This produced a 36 percent reduction in bronchitis and a 45 percent reduction in pneumonia due to all etiologies in the frist study and 37 percent and 48 percent respectively in the second study. The protective efficacy of the second vaccine was 87 percent for acutebronchitis and 66 percent for pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Persons who developed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in spite of vaccination did not experience more severe illnesses.
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PMID:Efficacy of inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine in man. 112 87

The mycoplasmas constitute a group of microorganisms placed between bacteria and virus. The name, Mycoplasma, is derived from the mycelial morphology of the organisms. The minimal reproductive unit, the elementary body, measures 0.2-0.5 mum. Unlike bacteria, mycoplasmas are not confined by a rigid cell wall, but just by a thin membrane. For their cultivation, though common bacteriological technique is adequate, especially enriched media are required. Antibiotics, as a rule penicillins, are added to the medium for inhibition of bacteria. Up to the present, 5 porcine species of mycoplasma are known: Mycoplasma suipneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma flocculare, and Acholeplasma granularum. The 4 species first mentioned are very common among swine in Denmark. A. granularum has not been demonstrated so far. Occasionally, other species of mycoplasma are found in swine. M. suipneumoniae is by far the most important porcine mycoplasma, being to-day regarded as the primary etiologic agent in porcine enzootic pneumonia. A pure mycoplasma infection usually results in only weak clinical signs of pneumonia, but the disease may be aggravated by secondary factors as bacteria, parasites, and bad housing conditions. Enzootic pneumonia is usually prevalent only in fattening units, where it tends to persist indefinitely. The mycoplasma infection is practically incurable. Control of the disease is attempted by the SPF-program launched by the Danish Meat Research Institute, Roskilde. In this connexion the high sensitivity of mycoplasmas to physico-chemical influence is of advantage, because it results in a low rate of survival of the organisms outside the host. A further advantage is afforded by the fast that M. suipneumoniae is a definitely swine-specific organism. The rest of the porcine mycoplasmas are of far lesser importance. Yet, M. hyorhinis may produce a sero-fibrinous inflammation of serous cavities and joints in pigs less than 10 weeks old, and M. hyosynoviae may produce arthritis in fattening pigs.
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PMID:[Mycoplasms of the swine--A review]. 115 79

The glycoproteins in the normal pig bronchial gland are identified by the combined Alcian Blue (AB)-periodic acid Schiff (PAS) technique, with the use of sialidase digestion and AB staining either at pH 2-6 or at pH 1-0. In enzootic pneumonia (produced experimentally by infection with Mycoplasma hyorhinis) the bronchial gland hypertrophies, mucous and serous cells both increase, in number and size; hence the total glycoprotein content of the gland increases. The distribution of glycoproteins in the hypertrophied gland differs from that in the normal. Quantitative analysis of the mucous cells shows that in the hypertrophied gland the acid glycoprotein is increased relative to the neutral. There is also a relative change in the amounts of sialidase-sensitive sialomucin and sulphomucin; both are significantly increased at the expense of the sialidase-resistant sialomucin. Qualitative analysis of the serous cells shows that in the normal gland most of the glycoprotein is neutral and that the small amount of acid glycoprotein is sialidase-resistant sialomucin. In the hypertrophied gland there is relatively more acid glycoprotein which is either sialidase-resistant sialomucin or sulphomucin; in addition, in pigs with enzootic pneumonia there is an increase in the height of the bronchial epithelium and a depletion in both goblet cell number and glycoprotein content, which latter has more neutral glycoprotein and less acid glycoprotein.
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PMID:Histochemical identification of glycoproteins in pig bronchial epithelium: (a) normal and (b) hypertrophied from enzootic pneumonia. 115 72

Nine strains of mycoplasmas were isolated from the lungs of 5 pigs with clinical signs of naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was isolated from the lungs of 1 pig and M. hyorhinis from the lungs of 4. An unidentified mycoplasma, which utilized arginine, grew rapidly in broth culture and produced centred colonies on solid medium, was isolated from the lungs of 4 pigs. The pathogenicity of the isolated strain of M. hyopneumoniae was determined by inoculation of pigs from an enzootic pneumonia-free herd. Enzootic pneumonia was produced in the lungs of all 5 pigs inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with broth cultures of the organism isolatied by limit dilution techniques. Enzootic pneumonia was produced in 3 of 6 pigs inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae purified by the passage of colonies on agar blocks. M. hyopneumoniae was isolated in pure culture from the lungs of all pigs with induced pneumonic lesions.
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PMID:Isolation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and its association with pneumonia of pigs in Australia. 116 68


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