Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From April 1977 through March 1978, 28 presumptive cases of Legionnaires' disease were identified among 432 consecutive candidates having paired sera or tissue samples submitted to the Massachusetts Public Health Laboratories. Among the subgroup of 209 candidates with documented diffuse pneumonia and temperature of 39 degrees C or above, 24 (11.5%) had Legionnaires' disease whereas the diagnostic yield was only four of 223 (1.8%) among the remainder. The case-fatality rate was two of 28 (7%). Patients with Legionnaires' disease when compared to the entire group of candidates were similar in mean age (49 versus 48 years) and frequency of immunosuppressant therapy (15% versus 12%) but were more often male (64% versus 47%) with underlying chronic illness (46% versus 22%). Complement fixation tests against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (whole organisms) showed seroreactivity in 81% of Legionnaires' disease (LD) cases (22 to 27) compared to 13% of non-LD cases; conversely, 29% of all cases seropositive for M. pneumoniae (22 of 75) were seropositive for the LD bacterium compared to only 1% (five of 357) of the remainder. The coincidence of seroreactivity for M. pneumoniae and the LD bacterium is unexplained but suggests that M. pneumoniae seropositive cases should be evaluated for the possibility of Legionnaires' disease.
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PMID:Relation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae seroreactivity, immunosuppression, and chronic disease to Legionnaires' disease. A twelve-month prospective study of sporadic cases in Massachusetts. 43 45

The known mechanisms of pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae are discussed. In addition, evidence is provided for the participation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae disease. In a working hypothesis the stimulation of a protective and/or a reactive immune response is postulated, depending on the predisposition of the host, the infecting dose, the frequency of contact and the virulence of the organisms. Because well studied animal models are available, the Mycoplasma-Pneumonia is well suited to investigate the pathogenesis of infections caused by bacteria and the defense of the host.
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PMID:[The mycoplasma-pneumonia. A model for the study of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases (author's transl)]. 45 87

Pathological and microbiological studies were conducted on lesions in the lungs of 194 calves from mass rearing facilities. Macroscopically, the lesions were classified into six forms: nonlesion, atelectasis, mild pneumonia, moderate pneumonia, advanced pneumonia, and advanced pneumonia accompanied with abscess. Histopathological examination revealed bronchopneumonia in most of the calves. Lesions more advanced than moderate pneumonia were complicated with desquamation, severe exudation, and necrosis. Bacteriologically, Pasteurella sp. was isolated often in combination with Staphylococcus sp. from about a half of the atelectatic cases. With the development of pneumonic lesions, Pasteurella sp. was isolated at a high frequency in combination with Haemophilus sp., Streptococcus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. Prominent necrosis was more often seen in cases with Pasteurella haemolytica isolated than in cases with only Pasteurella multocida isolated. Mycoplasma sp. and Ureaplasma sp. were isolated from distinctly pneumonic lesions. Advanced pneumonic lesions were observed in many calves over 30 days of age. The importance of environmental and managerial improvement was also emphasized, since calf pneumonia tended to break out in facilities under unsatisfactory conditions in the present work.
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PMID:Pathological and microbiological studies on calf pneumonia occurring in mass rearing facilities. 52 91

Cloned cultures of 16 strains, representing nine different species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma, were inoculated intratracheally into gnotobiotic calves. Strains of M bovirhinis, M canadense, M verecundum, A axanthum and A modicum did not produce visible pneumonic lesions and were not reisolated from the lungs. Strains of M alkalescens and M arginini colonised the lower respiratory tract but failed to produce visible pneumonia. M bovigenitalium (strain M991/70) and M dispar (strain Gri226) both colonised the respiratory tract and induced pneumonic lesions estimated to involve up to 8 per cent (M bovigenitalium) and 17 per cent (M dispar) of the lung. Histologically M bovigenitalium produced a cuffing pneumonia and M dispar produced a interstitial alveolitis.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of some Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species in the lungs of gnotobiotic calves. 52 12

Pigs aged 6 to 9 weeks from enzootic pneumonia-free herds were inoculated intranasally with a suspension of pneumonic lung containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae or were placed in contact with such inoculated pigs. All the inoculated pigs had gross lesions of enzootic pneumonia when killed 27 to 42 days after inoculation. The culture methods described enabled M. hyopneumoniae to be isolated from all 29 inoculated pigs. Of 45 pigs in contact with inoculated pigs 35 had gross lesions of enzootic pneumonia when killed 28 to 71 days later and M. hyopneumoniae was isolated from 33. Another 9 had lesions, detected only microscopically, and M. hyopneumoniae was recovered from 3 of these when killed 75 to 98 days after contact began. In a separate experiment M. hyopneumoniae isolated from experimentally infected pigs, and adapted to the culture medium after 6 passages, caused gross lesions of enzootic pneumonia in 1 of 4 pigs inoculated intranasally.
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PMID:Isolation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from lesions in experimentally infected pigs. 53 86

The pathologico-anatomic and even more the histological pattern of experimental Haemophilus parahaemolyticus pleuropneumonia in specific-pathogen-free piglets was found to be characteristic in the peracute, acute, and subacute-chronic stages of the disease. It is an infection which can be morphologically differentiated from other forms of pneumonia in swine primarily by three factors, localisation of the changes, inflammation, and a typical cell response. Changes following experimental Haemophilus parasuis infection were found to occur irregularly on serous skins and, in continuation, in the lung and joints. These were not characteristic and failed to exhibit morphological peculiarities.
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PMID:[Contribution to the experimental hemophilus infection (Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Haemophilus parasuis) in SPF piglets. 2. Comparative pathology and histology]. 56 49

We examined the lipid content of bronchoalveolar (BA) washes from both mice and rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis, an etiological agent of murine pneumonia. During a 30-day period after intranasal inoculation, the total lipid content from infected and control rats (in milligrams per animal) remained relatively equal and unchanged. The saturated, unsaturated, and total lecithin contents in infected rats (in milligrams per animal) all increased. The maximum lecithin values were detected at 7 to 10 days after infection; later, the levels fell to control values. There was essentially no change in any lecithin value from uninfected animals. Although in BA washes from infected animals the mass of disaturated lecithins increased, the percentage of this fraction in the total lecithin pool decreased. The fatty acids of the lecithins from BA washes of infected mice had significantly less palmitic and significantly more oleic and linoleic acids than the lecithins isolated from the BA washes of control animals. Both the relative decrease in the mass of disaturated lecithins in the BA washes and the increase in the percentage of esterified unsaturated fatty acids in the lecithins may be directly related to the reduced lung function reported to occur during the course of murine M. pulmonis pneumonia.
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PMID:Lecithin changes in murine Mycoplasma pulmonis respiratory infection. 58 13

In a control scheme for enzootic-pneumonia-free herds, 43 herds developed enzootic pneumonia, as judged by non-specific clinical and pathological criteria over 10 years. Material for cultural examination was obtained from 32 of these outbreaks, and Mycoplasma suipneumoniae was identified in 28 of them. The four failures occurred before 1971 at a time when the cultural techniques were clearly inferior. Since 1971 M suipneumoniae has been isolated from all the 17 outbreaks sampled for this purpose. Two of the outbreaks from which M suipneumoniae was not recovered, and three further outbreaks, were closely connected with outbreaks from which M suipneumoniae had been isolated (to make 33 out of 35). The remaining eight outbreaks (in which isolations of M suipneumoniae were not attempted) were clinically and pathologically consistent with the pattern of the others. Hence, there is reason to believe that during this period the outbreaks of respiratory disease simulating enzootic pneumonia in the control scheme have probably all been associated with the presence of M suipneumoniae.
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PMID:Apparent re-infection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: specificity of diagnosis. 59 85

The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye by neutrophils from 379 patients with infectious diseases and 268 controls has been examined. The mean NBT score was 29.8% (72.3% positive tests) in the 231 patients with non-tuberculous bacterial infections, 9.7% (28.1% positive tests) in the 135 patients with viral infections 5.3% (1.5% positive tests) in the controls. Positive tests were demonstrated in 1 of 7 patients with tuberculosis and in 4 of 6 with mycoplasma pneumonia. Patients with urinary tract infections or septicemia had the highest percentage of positive tests, particularly when the infections were caused by gram-negative bacteria. In acute bacterial infection, the 176 patients who had not received any antibacterial therapy prior to testing had a significantly higher mean NBT score and proportion (77.8%) of positive tests than the remaining 55 pretreated patients (54.5%). Recent antibiotic treatment seriously invalidates the NBT test results. In acute viral infection, 29 of the 38 positive tests were obtained from patients with acute hepatitis (mean score 20.0%) or infectious mononucleosis (mean score 9.3%). When evaluating the test results, special attention should be paid to patients with hepatitis. Endotoxin stimulated NBT tests disclosed normal enhancement of NBT reduction by neutrophils from the patients and the controls. Cautiously interpreted, the NBT reduction by neutrophils from the patients and the controls. Cautiously interpreted, the NBT test results may be useful as an adjunct in the differential diagnosis of major bacterial and viral infections.
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PMID:Nitroblue tetrazolium test in bacterial and viral infections. 60 20

Thin sections of lung tissue from dogs with pneumonia induced by endobronchial inoculation of Mycoplasma cynos were examined by electron microscopy. Mycoplasmas were observed extracellularly in lumen of bronchus and in alveoli in the earlier stages of the infection. The infection also resulted in degenerative changes in the bronchial epithelial cells, including in particular destruction and loss of cilia.
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PMID:Experimental mycoplasmal pneumonia in dogs: electron microscopy of infected tissue. 60 6


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