Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous immunoglobulins are stable pooled human IgG preparations for therapeutic use. Intravenous immunoglobulins are used for replacement therapy for patients with primary or secondary antibody immunodeficiency, and they are also beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonia and Varicella-Zoster; they may also have a synergistic effect with antibiotics in some bacterial diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulins have also been used successfully in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease and other autoimmune diseases such as Graves ophthalmopathy. Disadvantages of intravenous immunoglobulins include some frequent (10%) but usually not serious side effects and high cost; rarely has transmission of viral infections been reported.
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PMID:[Intravenous immunoglobulins. General features and the main clinical applications]. 146 94

Kawasaki disease (KD) often presents as an acute multisystem febrile illness which is most often self-limiting. During an 11-year period, 39 patients with KD, aged 11 weeks to 15 years (mean 2.5 years), were admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. Eighty-seven per cent of children were less than 4 years of age. There were 26 males (67%) and 13 females (33%) with a sex ratio of 2:1. A peak occurrence was observed in 1985 and the mean hospital stay of cases was 12.7 days. Treatment regimens included antibiotics in 36 patients (93%), aspirin in 32 (82%) and steroids in 3 (7%). Major complications were observed in 11 patients (26%), with these being gastrointestinal bleeding in 1, broncho-pneumonia in 3 and cardiac abnormalities in 7 (18%). Among the latter were abnormal proximal coronary arteries in 5 patients (2 with dilatation and 3 with aneurysms) and carditis in 2. Other complications included croup (1), hydrops of the gallbladder (2), paralytic ileus (1), and abnormal focal neurological signs in two patients. There were no deaths. Follow-up ranged between one month and four years. Although KD often presents as a benign self-limiting illness, it is extremely important to make a diagnosis early in the course of the illness, institute appropriate therapy and be on the alert for possible fatal complications.
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PMID:Outcome of Kawasaki disease in Barbados. 152 36

A male infant at 4 weeks of age with features of Kawasaki disease is described who died at the end of the second week of his illness in consequence of serious pneumonia. The diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests and post mortem histological examinations. The latter showed systemic vasculitis without any changes of coronary arteries.
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PMID:[Fatal outcome of Kawasaki syndrome in a 4-week-old infant]. 192 83

This study examined the differences in mortality rate among the three ethnic groups aged 35 to 69: 1) Japanese living in Kawasaki city, 2) Koreans living in Kawasaki city, 3) Koreans living in Korea. Three different measures were used for analysis: 1) mortality rate by sex and age, 2) Mantel-Haenszel Rate Ratio (MHRR), 3) Standardized Proportional Mortality Ratio (SPMR). Major findings were as follows: 1) In terms of mortality rate by sex and age, Koreans in both Kawasaki and Korea showed higher mortality rates than Japanese in Kawasaki for both sexes and for all of the age categories. Koreans living in Kawasaki and Koreans living in Korea showed nearly identical levels of mortality rate for both sexes and for all of the age categories. 2) Calculation of MHRR utilizing a mortality rate for Japanese living in Kawasaki as 1 yielded the following: For all causes of death, MHRR of Korean males living in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59 was 2.59, and 2.37 for ages 60 to 69. For females MHRR for those age groups were 1.91 and 2.06 respectively. All of these MHRRs were statistically significantly high (p less than 0.05). 3) Among the causes for the high MHRR for Korean males living in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59 compared in Japanese living in Kawasaki were the following: all Malignant neoplasms (ICD 9, 140-208), Malignant neoplasm of liver (155), Hypertensive disease (401-405), Ischemic heart disease (410-414), Pneumonia (480-486), Liver Cirrhosis (571). For males aged 60 to 69, causes were Tuberculosis (010-018), all Malignant neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of liver, Ischemic heart disease, Disease of the pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease (415-429), Cerebrovascular disease (430-438), and Liver Cirrhosis. In the case of females, Tuberculosis, Disease of the pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease, Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung were causes for high MHRR for Koreans in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59. All Malignant neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of liver, Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, Accidental causes of death except motor vehicle accidents (E800-807, E826-848, E850-949) were causes for females aged 60 to 69. 4) The mortality rates for ages 35 to 69 for both sexes are similar for both Koreans living in Kawasaki and in Korea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A mortality study of middle-aged and elderly Koreans in Kawasaki City in comparison with Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Kawasaki City]. 213 81

Intravenous immunoglobulins are stable monomeric pooled human IgG preparations for therapeutic use. Three intravenous immunoglobulins licensed in the United States are generally therapeutically equivalent. Intravenous immunoglobulin is the preferred agent for replacement therapy for most patients with primary or secondary antibody immunodeficiency because of the rapidity and ease of giving large quantities of IgG, even by self-administration. Disadvantages of intravenous immunoglobulins include frequent (approximately 10%) but usually not serious side effects, the need for venous access (often difficult in infants and young children), and high cost. Intravenous immunoglobulins are also beneficial in the prevention of certain viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonia and varicella; they may also have a synergistic effect with antibiotics in certain bacterial diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulin has also been used successfully in the management of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, Kawasaki disease, and certain autoimmune diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulin may also be of use in certain high-risk and premature newborns.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulins as therapeutic agents. 330 51

In a 9-month prospective study conducted in an urban emergency room, 15 children with rectal temperature greater than 41.1 degrees C (106 degrees F) were evaluated. Seven of the 15 patients were admitted to the hospital. Two children who were discharged home required subsequent admission, and six were managed on an ambulatory basis. Eight (53.3%) children had serious disease: two bacterial meningitis, two bacteremia without meningitis, two pneumonia, one pericarditis with effusion, and one Kawasaki disease. In four, the final diagnosis indicated a much more serious illness than was considered initially. The laboratory studies did not correlate reliably with the final diagnosis or need for admission. Children with a rectal temperature greater than 41.1 degrees C are at high risk for a life-threatening illness and should be evaluated for sepsis and meningitis.
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PMID:Association of temperature greater than 41.1 degrees C (106 degrees F) with serious illness. 396 27

Four cases of Kawasaki disease hospitalized in Haadyai Hospital, Songkla, during 1978-1983 are summarized. All four patients had clinical features, the principal signs and symptoms set forth in the guidelines for the diagnosis of mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (Kawasaki disease) including other associated features such as diarrhea, arthritis, mild jaundice, pneumonia, subconjunctival hemorrhage, proteinuria and leukocytosis. All four patients survived the acute illness, without evidence of cardiac complications. The cases were followed-up for over one year.
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PMID:Kawasaki disease in Songkla, Thailand. 402 99

Cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was administered to 21 pediatric patients, 1 year and 1 month to 9 years of age, with moderate or severe infections. CTT was intravenously administered 3 times a day at daily doses of 26.5 to 120 mg/kg for 2 to 14 days, and 0.75 to 31.0 g of the drug were totally given. Total of 21 cases, 12 cases of respiratory tract infections (each 1 case of acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and asthmatic bronchitis, 6 cases of acute pneumonia, 1 case of lung fibrosis and 2 cases of primary atypical pneumonia), 2 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of acute appendicitis, 1 case of perianal abscess, 2 cases of sepsis, 1 case of MCLS, 1 case of ReYE's syndrome and 1 case of meningoencephalitis, were received CTT. Five cases were excluded for the evaluation of clinical efficacy, and good response were obtained in 11 cases (effective rate of 68.8%), fair in 1 and poor in 4. Out of 3 strains of causative organisms isolated before the treatment, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae were disappeared after the CTT treatment, S. faecalis which was resistant against CTT persisted. Neither adverse effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 1 case of eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 32

A clinical study was made of cefpiramide (CPM) a new cephem-type antibiotic for injection and the following results were obtained. Blood level of CPM, after 20 mg/kg administration by drip infusion over a period of 1 hour, reached its peak of 86 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion and declined to 19.8 micrograms/ml at 4th hour after infusion with the half-life value of 3.02 hours. Its urinary recovery rate up to 9 hours was 29.2% and the urine concentration from 0 to the 3rd hour was 820 micrograms/ml and from the 3rd to the 5th hour 650 micrograms/ml. In another case of the same dose with intravenous administration, the blood level at the end of the first 1 hour reached 56 micrograms/ml and by the 4th hour it had fallen to 20.6 micrograms/ml and by the 6th hour to 13.6 micrograms/ml. The half-life value was estimated as 2.44 hours. CPM was administered in 2 or 3 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 41.7 to 62.5 mg/kg by intravenous injection or by 1-hour drip infusion to 6 patients (3 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of purulent cervical lymphadenitis) and the following clinical results were obtained; "markedly effective" 3 cases, "effective" 2 cases, and "ineffective" 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 83.3%. No side-effects or abnormal laboratory findings were found in any of the 7 patients including 1 patient who was excluded from the efficacy evaluation because of Kawasaki's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. 665 46

Kawasaki disease (KD), first described in Japan in 1967 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, is an acute multi system vasculitis of infancy and early childhood characterised by high fever, rash, conjunctivitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes, erythematous induration of the hands and feet and cervical lymphadenopathy. Synonyms for Kawasaki disease include "Kawasaki syndrome" and "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome" (MCLS, MLNS, MCLNS). Kawasaki disease was initially presumed to occur only in Japan; but now this disease is known in the whole world. The first cases in the United States were reported in Hawaii in 1976. In poland 5 cases were recognized, and first time described in 1981. The etiology of Kawasaki disease remains unknown. Toxic, allergic and immunologic causes have been suspected, but most investigators favor an infectious cause or an immune response to an infectious agent. Among classes of microorganism suspected of causing Kawasaki disease were bacteria, leptospires, fungi, rickettsiae and a number of viruses. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the possibility, that Kawasaki disease is caused by RETROVIRUSES. Although the disease is generally benign and self-limited, about 20% of children develop coronary artery aneurysms. In 5% of cases, giant aneurysm/more then 8 mm/develop, predisposing the patient to acute coronary artery thrombosis, myocardial infarction and sudden death. This is the most serious complication of KD. Other manifestations of hearth involvement, include pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial failure and mitral regurgitation. Besides this many other clinical findings are commonly noted in KD; such as: pneumonia, diarrhea, arthritis, aseptic meningitis, otitis media, obstructive jaundice, hydrops of gallbladder and others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Kawasaki disease]. 754 22


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