Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine cases of the combination of coarctation of the aorta and mitral stenosis were evaluated over a seven-year period. Symptoms did not usually cause distress in infancy, but began subtly with pneumonia or cardiac failure at about 2 years of age. Important clues were differences in blood pressure between the arms and legs, paroxysmal dyspnea, congestive heart failure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial enlargement. Cardiac catheterization studies showed elevated right ventricular and main pulmonary artery wedge pressures. These features in patients with coarctation of the aorta should suggest associated mitral valve disease. The importance of demonstrating associated valvular lesions, particularly mitral stenosis, is emphasized. Two of our children had successful repair of the coarctation of the aorta and mitral stenosis simultaneously. In a third child, resection of the coarctation was followed in six years by mitral valve replacement.
 ...
PMID:Associated coarctation of the aorta and mitral valve disease: nine cases with surgical correction of both lesions in three. 12 22

Light and electronmicroscopic changes in lung biopsies were studied in six patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, aged 20 to 37 years, of varying duration, and with severe haematologic (blood eosinophil count of 3,600 to 18,200 per mm3), and respiratory changes. On light microscopy the main pathologic reaction consisted of large mononuclear cells and eosinophils in and around the alveoli and blood vessels, and proliferated reticulin. Fine structural changes probably being described for the first time, included the presence of many alveolar macrophages characterised by abundant cytoplasm, irregular or stunted microvilli, increased phagolysosomes with ingested debris, and depletion of other organelles. Eosinophils bearing typical old and young granules, were encountered in and around the alveoli and blood vessels in all case, and collagenosis around alveolar cells in a few. Subacute pneumonitis producing compression and disorganisation of alveoli and blood vessels, and lack of normal apposition of air and blood spaces, appear responsible for the respiratory disability. The detection of mycobacteria, cocci or chlamydia-like bodies in two specimens and of intranuclear virus-like particles in another, could either indicate secondary infection or have an immunogenic significance, in the absence of detection of filarial elements in any of the specimens. Lung biopsies from two additional patients (aged 13 & 32) who had mitral stenosis probably due to rheumatic heart disease, and secondary pulmonary hypertension, were studied as "control" specimens. Both at light and electronmicroscopy these specimens did not show any eosinophils or neutrophils, and fewer macrophages in the lung parenchyma. In contrast to tropical eosinophilia and, as expected, there was considerably more fibrosis of the lung parenchyma, especially in the alveolar subepithelial region and in the vessel walls. This, together with fibroblasts full of endoplasmic cisterns, noted particularly in the younger patient with shorter duration, probably represented an earlier change in this condition.
 ...
PMID:The lung in tropical eosinophilia compared to that in pulmonary hypertension. Fine structural basis of respiratory disability. 161 Jul 62

In this clinical study, one normal subject, one patient with primary interstitial pneumonia, one patient with segmental pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, one patient with post-operative esophageal carcinoma, and two patients with mitral stenosis were studied. Dynamic CT scan images under continuous injection of low osmotic contrast medium were analyzed in series, in an attempt to evaluate vascular permeability quantitatively. The following results were obtained: 1) Subtraction CT scan image 10 minutes after the start of contrast medium injection in two patients with pneumonia, showed a reduction of pulmonary vascular permeability following therapy. 2) Subtraction CT scan image of the patient with post-operative esophageal carcinoma treated with 25 Gy radiation showed a discrepancy between pulmonary vascular permeability and other findings. 3) In hemodynamically stable patients with mitral stenosis, subtraction CT images demonstrated that pulmonary vascular permeability was not affected by pulmonary congestion, irrespective of its severity.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical application of subtraction CT imaging for evaluation of pulmonary vascular permeability]. 177 Jun 85

As an overview of cardiovascular disease in the aged, 3657 autopsy cases were analyzed for the frequency and age-wise incidence of cardiovascular disease. The three major categories, ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, and aortic aneurysm and dissection were described. 1. The incidence of overall cardiovascular disease increases sharply between the ages of 60 and 75. Prevention and treatment could be effectively directed at this age group. 2. The incidence of organic cardiovascular disease was: myocardial infarction 19.8 percent; valvular disease 10.0 percent; arteriosclerosis obliterans 3.5 percent; aortic aneurysm and dissection 3.3 percent; pericarditis 2.1 percent; cardiomyopathy 1.6 percent; cor pulmonale 1.4 percent; congenital heart disease 0.7 percent; and others 0.8 percent. 3. As coronary sclerosis progresses, death from ischemic heart disease increases; however, 7 out of 10 patients with 3 vessel disease still die of causes other than ischemic heart disease (pneumonia, malignancy etc.). The general management of infection and malignant neoplasms is important in addition to treatment of cardiovascular disease. 4. Except for mitral stenosis, valvular heart disease, the etiology of which is mostly non-rheumatic, increases with advancing age. 5. In aortic aneurysm, the rupture rate is relatively high in the thoracic aorta; however, this may be caused by the successful surgical repair of abdominal aneurysms. An aneurysm below 6 cm in diameter is not absolutely safe from rupture. 6. In aortic dissection, the interval from onset to the death of the patient is often too short to consider surgery.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular disease in the aged: overview of an autopsy series. 341 67

Rheumatic mitral valve stenosis is an important nonobstetric complication of pregnancy in an African country. Between January 1965 and September 1985 41 closed mitral valvotomies with a Tubbs dilator were performed in 39 pregnant women (two first trimester, 22 second trimester, and 17 third trimester). All patients experienced symptomatic improvement from New York Heart Association Class 3.01 (average) preoperatively to 1.22 postoperatively. There were no deaths related to the operation and delivery. Fetal deaths were due to postoperative spontaneous abortion in two cases (4.9%) or premature labour in three cases (7.3%), for an overall survival of 36 babies (87.8%). Fetal morbidity was due to prematurity or dismaturity in three infants, all of whom survived. Thirty-three normal infants were delivered at term. Nine patients needed subsequent surgical procedures for mitral valve restenosis 5 to 17 years (mean 10.2 years) after the initial closed valvotomy: Repeat closed valvotomy was performed in three patients after 5, 8, and 10 years (the first two during subsequent pregnancies), an open procedure was performed in one after 6 years, and five patients underwent subsequent mitral valve replacement after 11 (two), 12 (two), and 17 (one) years. Two late deaths occurred; one after 10 years, as a result of pneumonia and meningitis, and the other after 12 years, before a mitral valve replacement for restenosis could be performed. None of the remaining patients has required further surgical procedures, but two have moderate symptoms. Closed mitral valvotomy gives satisfactory results in pregnant patients with severe mitral stenosis. When indicated during pregnancy, it should be performed at any stage of the pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:The feasibility of closed mitral valvotomy in pregnancy. 357 80

We report an 18-year-old patient with severe mitral stenosis complicated by right lower lobe pneumonia, sepsis, and shock. Intractable low cardiac output led to an emergency percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in a patient, resulting in immediately improved hemodynamic parameters. We are unaware of another report of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy performed in a patient with sepsis and shock. This case supports previous isolated reports of the benefit from emergency percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in critical situations where thoracotomy is not possible due to coexisting medical problems.
 ...
PMID:Emergency percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy in a patient with septic shock. 763 2

We reviewed 116 chest radiographs done in 70 adult asthmatic patients who were admitted to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January to December 1989. The chest radiographs were abnormal in 23% of cases. Twelve percent showed hyperinflation and 7% had pneumonia. Eight patients diagnosed clinically to have pneumonia had normal chest radiographs. Seven patients had radiographic findings of conditions which were unsuspected clinically. These included two cases of pneumonia, one case each of fibrosing alveolitis, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, mitral stenosis with left ventricular failure and right pleural effusion. In conclusion, we found that significant chest radiograph abnormalities in adult patients admitted for asthma were uncommon although chest radiographs were helpful in detecting complications or coincidental conditions. Chest radiograph is therefore an important investigation in adult asthmatic patients who are admitted. However, considering the cost and the risk of radiation, it should be done only in selective cases rather than as a routine procedure.
 ...
PMID:The value of routine chest radiographs in acute asthma admissions. 793 14

In 1923 Elliot Carr Cutler, in conjunction with his cardiology colleague, Samuel Levine, performed a closed transventricular mitral commissurotomy with a tenotomy knife on a 12-year-old patient dying of rheumatic mitral stenosis at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. This operation was carried out after several years of experimentation regarding resuscitation of the heart, appropriate incisions, and the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis. The interest in mitral stenosis was rampant at the time because of the huge number of patients suffering from this public health problem. The patient survived and went on to die of pneumonia 4 years postoperatively. Subsequent to this, Cutler performed seven more operations using his new cardiovalvulotome, which was to create controlled mitral regurgitation. Unfortunately, this concept did not promote long-term success and a moratorium for these operations was called in 1929. Nevertheless, this pioneering effort in 1923 was the first successful operation to treat valvular heart disease by a surgical technique.
 ...
PMID:The first successful surgical treatment of mitral stenosis: the 70th anniversary of Elliot Cutler's mitral commissurotomy. 823 28

We report a case of a mitral endocarditis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a 48 year old man diagnosed with moderate mitral stenosis and liver cirrhosis. The clinical features were fever with penicillin-sensitive pneumococcal bacteremia, meningitis and pneumonia. Only transesophageal echocardiography could confirm the presence of vegetations. In spite of vancomycin therapy, the patient required mitral valve replacement, with good results. Some clinical aspects of this uncommon cause of infective endocarditis are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Austrian's syndrome (endocarditis, meningitis and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae). Apropos of a rare case]. 992 54

The pregnant woman is susceptible to a variety of respiratory complications. When a pregnant patient presents with an abnormal chest x-ray or a pulmonary complaint, an understanding of the pathophysiology of pregnancy will guide the clinician in establishing a diagnosis. Pregnancy brings about many changes to a woman's body. One of the more intriguing is a decrease in the T helper cells, resulting in a state of relative immunosuppression. Despite this, the prevalence of infectious pneumonia is not increased in pregnancy. Complications from pneumonia, however, are increased in the pregnant host. Most notably are increases in both mortality related to influenza infection and the risk for dissemination of coccidioidomycosis. Other physiologic changes predispose the pregnant woman to certain disease processes. Hypercoagulability associated with pregnancy results in a marked increase in the incidence of thromboembolic disease. Although rare, pregnancy is also associated with other embolic phenomena including amniotic fluid embolism, air embolism, and trophoblastic embolism. Because of the increases in intravascular volume and cardiac output that occur in pregnancy, women with underlying structural heart disease will frequently present for the first time or have an exacerbation of their disease. This is especially true of mitral stenosis. Peripartum cardiomyopathy also can occur, and for the majority of patients, the heart remains damaged for life. Finally, although uncommon, lymphangioleiomyomatosis will often present or become exacerbated during pregnancy. Patients with this disorder need to be counseled concerning the increased risk associated with pregnancy. This paper reviews the various respiratory complications associated with pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory complications of pregnancy. 1177 30


1 2 3 Next >>