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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 52-year-old man had a prolonged history of nondeforming migratory polyarthritis and a short episode of pericarditis preceding the onset of bilateral vitreitis and retinitis. The clinical course was characterized by progressive deterioration of vision, increasing lethargy, and dementia, leading to coma and death from pneumonia (21 months later). No intestinal manifestations were recorded. Both eyes, which were removed postmortem, disclosed numerous PAS-positive macrophages throughout the inner retina and vitreous. Electron microscopic studies of the macrophages displayed intracytoplasmic, degenerating, rod-shaped bacteria and membranous structures identical to those seen in the intestine, brain, heart, and other tissues of patients with Whipple's disease. Clinicians should include Whipple's disease, and reticulum cell sarcoma, in the differential diagnosis of patients with bilateral retinitis and vitreitis, especially if these disorders are associated with CNS manifestations.
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PMID:Ocular involvement in Whipple's disease: light and electron microscopic observations. 7 12

Prospective studies demonstrated variable phenotypic expression of the X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome (X.L.R.L.S.) in three brothers: (1) hypogammaglobulinaemia and subclinical Epstein-Barr-virus (E.B.V.) infection with antibody response to E.B.V.; (2) E.B.V. infection with defective immune response to E.B.V., fatal infectious mononucleosis (I.M.), and immunoblastic lymphoma; and (3) histiocytic lymphoma. Hypogammaglobulinaemia and measles pneumonitis had preceded infection with E.B.V. The diverse phenotypic expressions probably resulted from the varied immune response to E.B.V. Recombination of X chromosomes was documented by Xg-blood-group studies in a survivor. E.B.V. can induce fatal I.M. and malignant lymphoma in X.L.R.L.S., but an immune response to E.B.V. can be protective.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus infections in the X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. 8 16

We report a case of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in a 3 1/2-year-old boy. The patient developed reticulum cell sarcoma primarily in the brain; a biopsy specimen was obtained, and treatment with irradiation and chemotherapy was begun. Computerized tomography performed after three months of therapy showed remarkable regression of tumor. When the patient died five months postoperatively, no viable tumor was present; death was the result of pneumonia and sepsis. Only two previous cases of lymphoreticular neoplasm confined to the brain and associated with this syndrome have been described. We discuss the relationship between immunodeficiency and the occurrence of neoplasia in this syndrome.
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PMID:Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Report of a case. 33 30

An association between chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma previously has not been reported in adults. We describe a woman with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia documented by chest roentgenogram, elevated total eosinophil count, and transbronchial biopsy demonstrating eosinophilic pneumonitis. The illness was controlled with corticosteroids for ten months after which time lymphadenopathy appeared and diffuse, histiocytic lymphoma was diagnosed.
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PMID:An association between chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and histiocytic lymphoma. 38 91

A retrospective review of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease or other malignant lymphomas between 1953 and 1988 revealed 10 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Nine had Hodgkin's disease whereas one had diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Ages of the 10 patients ranged from 11 to 54 years, although nine were less than 30-years old. Spontaneous pneumothorax was observed only in patients who had received mantle or mini-mantle radiation therapy (RT). Five patients had concurrent severe parenchymal pulmonary disease including chemotherapy-induced interstitial fibrosis, Varicella pneumonia and severe radiation pneumonitis. Pneumothorax in these patients tended to be severe, bilateral and/or recurrent. All five required chest tube placement. Three of the five also required thoracotomy. RT dose ranged from 3000-7500 cGy, exceeding 4700 cGy in three patients who required a second course of RT which included the involved lung apex. In comparison, the five who did not have concurrent severe lung disease had milder episodes of pneumothorax. Only one required chest tube placement, whereas none required thoracotomy. Pulmonary apex RT dose ranged from 3672-4257 cGy. For Hodgkin's disease patients treated by RT, the frequency of spontaneous pneumothorax in the absence of concurrent pulmonary disease was 2.2%. Limiting analysis to patients in the peak age population of 10-30 years raised the frequency to 3.0%. No RT dose-response effect could be demonstrated, although spontaneous pneumothorax was not observed in patients who received less than 3000 cGy. Spontaneous pneumothorax was not more frequent among patients who also received chemotherapy as compared to those treated only by RT. Exploratory thoracotomy in three cases with severe pulmonary disease revealed subpleural apical blebs and/or dense pleural fibrosis. Unusual aspects in the medical histories of other cases suggest the possibility that patients who develop pneumothorax may have unusually dense pulmonary and/or pleural fibrosis compared to the majority of patients who receive RT for Hodgkin's disease or other malignant lymphomas.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax in patients irradiated for Hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas. 229 22

Fourteen patients with large cell lymphocytoma were studied. They presented with solitary or small numbers of grouped nodules on the trunk or head and neck region, which histologically consisted of diffuse and nodular dermal aggregates of lymphoid cells. A proportion of these cells were large with clear cytoplasm and a varying degree of nuclear atypia. An infiltrate of small mature lymphocytes surrounded and extended between the zones of larger cells. Mitotic figures and pleomorphic cells were frequent and, on the basis of this histopathology, an initial diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma had frequently been made. There were eight male and six female patients with a mean age at presentation of 40 years (range 14-71) who were followed up for a period of between 4 and 31 years (mean = 14.6). Thirteen of the 14 are alive and well, and there has been no evidence of systemic involvement in any of the patients; one patient died of chronic renal failure and pneumonia. Monoclonal antibody studies on paraffin sections showed the presence of lymphoid cells of B and T cell lineage in large cell lymphocytoma. We believe that these patients have a variety of cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrate, large cell lymphocytoma, which has characteristic clinical and histological features and is important to recognize because of its benign course. Large cell lymphocytoma has been used to describe a nodular lymphoid infiltrate of the skin composed principally of large follicular centre cells. Often these lesions had been diagnosed as reticulum cell sarcoma but, on follow-up, all the patients were alive and well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Large cell lymphocytoma--a clinicopathological study. 259 Oct 76

We report our experience with seven cases of eosinophilic granuloma in which unusual and/or confusing features were encountered. These features include: histologic confusion with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, eosinophilic pneumonia; cysts filled with air and/or fluid; radiographic onset in the eighth decade of life; intratracheal mass; and focal parenchymal consolidation.
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PMID:Histiocytosis X. Unusual-confusing features of eosinophilic granuloma. 348 46

A kindred with five affected maternally related male members showed variable phenotypic expression of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. In one of the children, agammaglobulinemia developed following infectious mononucleosis. His brother had aplastic anemia in infancy and 21/2 years later died of overwhelming pneumonia resulting from ornithosis. A third brother died of reticulum cell sarcoma. Two maternally related male cousins died of reticulum cell sarcoma of the neck.
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PMID:X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. A new kindred with variable phenotypic expression. 388 47

Legionellae are important etiological agents of pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila (predominantly serogroup 1) is detected in most cases of legionellosis; other species only occasionally cause infections, predominantly in immunocompromized patients. Aquiferous technical systems are the primary source of infection (air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, showers, whirlpools, springs, taps, moisturizing equipment, medical nebulizers, and swimming pools). Legionellae are present in the water in these systems, within the amoebae, flagellates, and ciliates in which they replicate. After inhalation of contaminated aerosols, the bacteria multiply intracellularly within alveolar macrophages. The ability to multiply within monocytic host cells is usually considered to correspond to pathogenicity. The mechanisms of intracellular replication have been only partially characterized. Analysis of the molecular pathogenesis of Legionella infection, both in the pathogen itself and in the host cell, is the subject of current research and may lead to new options in prophylaxis and treatment. We have established the human Mono Mac 6 cell line (MM6) instead of the previously used histiocytic lymphoma cell line U 937 or the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 to investigate the intracellular replication of legionellae and the molecular pathogenesis of Legionella infection within human monocytic host cells. MM6 cells represent a more mature macrophage-like cell line that expresses phenotypic and functional properties of mature monocytes and that does not need to be stimulated by phorbol esters or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. A good correlation between the prevalence of a given Legionella species and its intracellular multiplication in MM6 cells could be demonstrated.In addition to Legionella, MM6 cells were found to support the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, two other important bacterial agents involved in induction of pneumonia. Therefore, the MM6 model might be adaptable to investigations of the molecular pathogenesis of other intracellular bacteria that can replicate within human monocytes and induce disease.
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PMID:Intracellular multiplication of Legionella species and the influence of amoebae on their intracellular growth in human monocytes: mono mac 6 cells and Acanthamoeba castellanii as suitable in vitro models. 1515 26