Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were indentified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis.
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PMID:Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. II. A trachoma-LGV-specific antigen. 5 83

To learn if Chlamydia trachomatis causes in young infants a distinctive penumonia characterized by chronic, afebrile course, diffuse lung involvement and elevated serum immunoglobulins G and M, 47 black infants four to 24 weeks of age were examined for nasopharyngeal shedding of C. trachomatis and serum immunofluorescent antibody to lymphogranuloma venereum Type I. Nasopharyngeal C. trachomatis was found in 18 of 20 with the pneumonia syndrome, two of 15 with various other illnesses and 10 of 12 with inclusion conjunctivitis but without lower respiratory illness. Chlamydial antibody titers of infants with the pneumonia syndrome were significantly elevated (geometric mean-1, pneumonia vs. conjunctivitis = 24,833 vs. 1024 P less than 0.001). No other commonly recognized respiratory pathogens were consistently associated with the pneumonia syndrome. We believe these findings demonstrate an association between the distinctive pneumonia syndrome and C. trachomatis. This, in turn, is a particular facet of a more general event consisting of frequent colonization of the respiratory tract by C. trachomatis in natally acquired infection.
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PMID:Respiratory-tract colonization and a distinctive pneumonia syndrome in infants infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. 83 Nov 28

Chlamydiae are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of human disease. The known geographical distribution of lymphogranuloma venereum and the role of chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases are reviewed. The presence of chlamydiae in the urethra and the cervix, and their etiological relationship to genital infections, first recognized in connexion with ocular infections, have been proved in a number of studies in selected populations in a few countries. Chlamydiae appear to be the most important agent of nongonococcal urethritis, which in some cases appears now to be more frequent than gonococcal urethritis. In addition to their association with cervicitis, chlamydiae appear also to be fairly frequent in the cervix of apparently normal, asymptomatic, and sexually active women. The role of chlamydiae as agents of other human diseases still requires to be clarified. The organisms have been found in association with pelvic inflammatory disease, neonatal pneumonia, pharyngitis, and otitis. There is need for additional studies in view of the fact that effective chemotherapy is available. An outline is given of laboratory methods that may be useful for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections.
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PMID:Chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases. 108 7

Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), E4, L1-4, and L1-24, to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis were identified that neutralized in vitro the infectivity of members of the B- and C-related complex as well as the mouse pneumonitis strain. MAbs L1-4, L1-24, and E4 gave a strong signal in an indirect immunofluorescence assay and/or Western immunoblot with all serovars of the lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma biovars and a weak signal with the mouse biovar. In addition, C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae were also weakly recognized by MAbs L1-4 and L1-24. As determined by the technique of pneumoniae were also weakly recognized by MAbs L1-4 and L1-24. As determined by by the technique of overlapping peptides, all three MAbs showed reactivity to variable domain (VD) IV of MOMP. While all three MAbs had different recognition patterns, all strongly bound to the peptides TLNPTI and LNPTIA within the species-conserved region of VD IV. MAb E4 also recognized the peptide SATAIF in the subspecies region of VD IV. Peptides corresponding to VD IV of MOMP were synthesized and used in competitive inhibition experiments to determine the functional location of the epitope recognized by these three MAbs. Both the serological and neutralizing activities of MAb E4 were inhibited by the peptides ATAIFDTTTLNPTIAG and FDTTTLNPTIAG; however, none of the peptides made to the VD IV region blocked the neutralizing activity of MAbs L1-4 and L1-24. Therefore, the neutralizable domain of the epitope recognized by MAb E4 is contiguous and may be an important candidate for inclusion in a subunit vaccine.
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PMID:Functional and structural mapping of Chlamydia trachomatis species-specific major outer membrane protein epitopes by use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. 171 70

The gene encoding the major outer membrane protein of the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar was sequenced and the amino acid sequence deduced. The primary structure of this protein is similar to that of the lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma biovars in that it consists of four variable domains interspersed with five constant domains. This protein may be an ideal candidate for a vaccine in chlamydia-infected mouse experimental models.
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PMID:Sequence of the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein of the mouse pneumonitis biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis. 193 36

Members of the bacterial genus Chlamydia are responsible for widespread disease among humans and animals, including endemic trachoma in developing countries, venereal disease in developed countries, and a variety of other diseases such as infantile pneumonia and lymphogranuloma venereum. Although there is little genetic relatedness between and large antigenic diversity between and among the two chlamydial species, one antigenic determinant has been preserved among all serovars: the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope. In this report, the tools of molecular genetics, monoclonal antibodies, and analytical and synthetic chemistry have been combined to determine the structure of this epitope. This epitope is attributed to the presence of a trisaccharide of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) of the sequence KDOp-(2----8)-KDOp-(2----4)-KDO. The structure includes a unique linkage of two KDO residues through a 2.8-linkage.
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PMID:Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia. 243 32

Chlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen that causes ocular disease (trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis), genital disease (cervicitis, urethritis, salpingitis, and lymphogranuloma venereum), and respiratory disease (infant pneumonitis). Respiratory chlamydioses also occur with infection by avian strains of C. psittaci or infection by the newly described TWAR agent. Diagnosis of most acute C. trachomatis infections relies on detection of the infecting agent by cell culture, fluorescent antibody, immunoassay, cytopathologic, or nucleic acid hybridization methods. Individual non-culture tests for C. trachomatis are less sensitive and specific than the best chlamydial cell culture system but offer the advantages of reduced technology and simple transport of clinical specimens. Currently available nonculture tests for C. trachomatis perform adequately as screening tests in populations in which the prevalence of infection is greater than 10%. A negative culture or nonculture test for C. trachomatis does not, however, exclude infection. The predictive value of a positive nonculture test may be unsatisfactory when populations of low infection prevalence are tested. Tests that detect antibody responses to chlamydial infection have limited utility in diagnosis of acute chlamydial infection because of the high prevalence of persistent antibody in healthy adults and the cross-reactivity due to infection by the highly prevalent C. trachomatis and TWAR agents. Assays for changes in antibody titer to the chlamydial genus antigen are used for the diagnosis of respiratory chlamydioses. A single serum sample that is negative for chlamydial antibody excludes the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum.
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PMID:Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections. 265 Aug 58

The microbiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of infectious diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci are reviewed. Chlamydial genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. C. trachomatis plays an important role in nongonococcal urethritis, postgonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and possibly proctitis. Proper treatment of genital infections caused by C. trachomatis is important to prevent severe sequelae such as epididymitis and pelvic inflammatory disease, both of which may lead to sterility. Infected pregnant women should be treated to prevent transmission of chlamydial infections to their infants. Chlamydial conjunctivitis is the most common eye infection in the first month of life. C. trachomatis also causes pneumonia in infants. Lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma are important diseases in developing countries. C. psittaci, transmitted by birds, causes psittacosis in humans; this disease is rare in the United States. Diagnosis is a problem because chlamydial genital infection can be asymptomatic and because the organism is difficult to isolate. Culture remains the diagnostic method of choice, but recently marketed direct-detection assays provide qualitative results within hours after specimen collection. Tetracyclines and erythromycin are the drugs of choice for treating chlamydial infections in adults. An antimicrobial with activity against both C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae is preferred because both organisms are often present concurrently in patients with sexually transmitted disease. Chlamydial infections in pediatric patients often respond to systemic erythromycin therapy; tetracyclines are equally effective but are contraindicated for children less than nine years of age. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections in patients and their contacts is important to limit the spread of disease.
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PMID:Recognition and treatment of chlamydial infections. 354 50

A brief review is given of the properties, occurrence, and public health significance of chlamydiae in man and animals and of the diagnosis and control of chlamydial infections. Chlamydiae occur naturally in a large number of avian and mammalian species. Man is the primary host of chlamydiae causing trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, genito-urinary tract infection, and lymphogranuloma venereum. In animals chlamydial infections have been recognized as a cause of pneumonia, encephalitis, abortion, arthritis, diarrhoea, and conjunctivitis. Chlamydial infections have been recognized in a wide range of avian hosts. Sporadic psittacosis/ornithosis in man is associated with close exposure to birds and may occur as an occupational disease. Transmission studies suggest that mammalian chlamydial strains are not very host-specific and that diseases and even chains of infection may develop in secondary hosts. There are a few well-documented cases of human infection with chlamydiae of mammalian origin. Although various chlamydial isolates have specific antigenic components, no routine test for identifying different serotypes has been generally accepted. Further investigation of the host range of chlamydiae and of their antigenic properties is essential for a more accurate assessment of the potential danger of chlamydia-infected animals to human health. The frequent occurrence of inapparent or latent infections makes it imperative to establish adequate laboratory facilities for the effective surveillance and control of chlamydial infections.
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PMID:Chlamydiae as agents of human and animal diseases. 454 57

Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide range of infections in adults and conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates. The complement fixation test for chlamydial antibody is broadly reactive, but possesses low sensitivity, whereas the microimmunofluorescence test is highly sensitive, but technically difficult to perform. A simple, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis. Wells of microtiter plates were coated with Renografin-purified elementary bodies (serotype L2) grown in cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells, and serum antibody was detected with peroxidase-labeled goat antihuman IgG and IgM antibody. Of 41 sera tested from patients with lymphogranuloma venereum, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, or urethritis there was a 90 and 63% correlation of positive results for IgG and IgM, respectively, by microimmunofluorescence and ELISA. Of the positive correlates, ELISA titers were up to 128 times higher than microimmunofluorescence titers for IgG and IgM. The ELISA detected no false-positive results, but missed two positive results for IgG. Both of these sera were reactive against serotypes C and J, suggesting that the ELISA with LGV L2 antigen may not measure antibodies to serotypes within the C serogroup. The IgM ELISA detected 7 negative and 4 positive results not detected by the microimmunofluorescence test. Of four paired sera examined by ELISA, three showed a fourfold rise in IgG antibody titer, and one showed a twofold rise. Further evaluation of this ELISA will be required to determine how useful it will be in seroepidemiological studies and as a diagnostic tool.
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PMID:Detection of antichlamydial immunoglobulin G and M antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 635 31


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