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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diseases of the lung are among the work-related conditions most widely recognized among nonspecialists and the lay public. Five pulmonary conditions for which occupational or environmental exposures are not typically emphasized are reviewed here in their clinical-pathologic context. These are diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, lipoid pneumonitis, granulomatous lung disease, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and pulmonary vascular disease.
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PMID:Unusual occupationally related disorders of the lung: case reports and a literature review. 149 26

Pulmonary involvement in scleroderma is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Although bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) may be associated with a variety of connective tissue diseases and their treatment, there are only rare reports of bronchiolitis associated with scleroderma. We describe 2 patients with scleroderma and rapidly evolving pulmonary infiltrates, which upon biopsy showed histologic findings of BOOP. Each patient had severe restrictive lung disease and markedly diminished diffusion capacity. Treatment with high dose prednisone showed a good response in one patient. The rapid course of pulmonary findings in these patients differs from the usual course of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Although BOOP is a rare finding in scleroderma, our findings suggest that rapid pulmonary decompensation or atypical findings for pulmonary fibrosis should prompt consideration for an open lung biopsy. Finding a potentially steroid responsive disorder in an otherwise steroid unresponsive disorder has important clinical implications.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and scleroderma. 151 74

A 59-yr-old man with bullous lung disease developed a refractory bronchopleural fistula involving the right upper lobe. Despite independent lung and high-frequency jet ventilation, a large air leak persisted. Following the introduction of a bronchial blocker into the right upper lobe bronchus via the tracheal lumen of a left-sided endobronchial tube, oxygenation and ventilation improved, and the airleak was reduced by 90%. The presence of pneumonia led to an inexorably downhill course with death from overwhelming sepsis.
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PMID:Lobar bronchial blockade in bronchopleural fistula. 154 1

Acute, noninfectious, eosinophilic pneumonia with respiratory failure has been described in adults. This new form of eosinophilic lung disease differs from the previously described types of eosinophilic pneumonia. Patients with this entity develop rapid progressive respiratory failure, which seems to respond to corticosteroid therapy. Eosinophilia in lung biopsy specimen, or in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid seems to be a common denominator. We present the first pediatric case of this new, distinct form of eosinophilic lung disease and review the pertinent literature.
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PMID:Acute eosinophilic pneumonia with respiratory failure: a new syndrome? 154 55

Cigarette smoking has significant detrimental effects on both the structure and function of the lung; it is the single most important risk factor for the development of COPD. Uncertainty remains concerning the mechanisms by which smokers develop obstructive lung disease. It is speculated, however, that an imbalance between proteolytic and antiproteolytic forces in the lung or an increase in heightened airways responsiveness is responsible. Population-based studies have documented lower levels of FEV1, accelerated loss of ventilatory function, and increased respiratory symptoms and infections among smokers compared with nonsmokers. Data from both prospective and retrospective studies have consistently shown increased mortality from COPD, pneumonia, and influenza among cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers.
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PMID:The health consequences of cigarette smoking. Pulmonary diseases. 154 66

Thoracic disease in the HIV negative immunocompromised host is most frequently caused by infection. Patterns of involvement produced on the chest radiograph include (1) lobar or segmental consolidation, (2) nodules with rapid growth and/or cavitation, and (3) diffuse lung disease. The lung also may be directly involved by lymphoma, metastases, drug reactions, radiation pneumonitis, or nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. The lung is a frequent target organ for opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, particularly of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis. Computed tomography may be particularly helpful in these patients in the detection of early disease and in the characterization of patterns and extent of involvement as well as complications.
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PMID:Thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. 157 Mar 94

Polymyositis-dermatomyositis (PM-DM) is an inflammatory disease of muscle and skin mediated by autoimmune and cellular events. Most typically, muscle weakness is the usual presentation. This review emphasizes that often the systemic components of this disease may mask the usual presentation and actually may be the presenting and only manifestations; more often than not they are the causes of increased morbidity and mortality. In particular, the cardiopulmonary manifestations may dominate the disease course. Cardiac complications include congestive heart failure resulting from a primary cardiomyopathy, disrhythmias and atrioventricular conduction disturbances, sick sinus syndrome, and cor pulmonale either secondary to interstitial lung disease (ILD) or primary pulmonary artery hypertension. Recurrent aspiration pneumonia results from pharyngeal muscle involvement by the myositic process. Several histologic patterns of ILD can emerge with varying outcomes and responses to immunosuppresive therapy. Involvement of the muscles of respiration can lead to hypercapnic respiratory failure, diaphragmatic dysfunction, hypostatic pneumonia, and restrictive lung disease.
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PMID:Pulmonary and cardiac manifestations of polymyositis-dermatomyositis. 157 25

Despite the generally salutary experience in recent years of managing suppurative pleuropulmonary disease, empyemas and lung abscesses have persisted and increased in incidence in hospitals such as Queens Hospital Center that serve large numbers of the socioeconomically disadvantaged. This study documents the etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and treatment results of suppurative pleuropulmonary disease at Queens Hospital Center, which serves a large segment of the urban poor, many of whom are black. Results indicate that contributory or antecedent etiologic factors include a history of prior disease (specifically pneumonia, lung abscess, obstructive lung disease, pulmonary neoplasia, and tuberculosis); a predisposition to constitutional or immunologic deficiencies (specifically, alcoholism, anemia/malnutrition, drug abuse, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]); conditions contributing to tracheobronchial aspiration (specifically, alcoholism and seizure disorders); and a miscellaneous group such as prior surgery, cardiovascular disease, and sepsis syndrome. The patients in this study were young with maximal incidence occurring in the third to fifth decades of life. Patients were predominantly male (75%) and black (66%). There were 18 deaths (23%), with sepsis being the cause in 10 (56%). Most surgical interventions were conservative, ie, bronchoscopies (48), thoracenteses (43), and tube thoracotomies (39). Thirty-one open thoracotomies were performed for drainage, decortication, or pulmonary resection. The surgical mortality was three cases or 5% of the patients who underwent surgery. The designated incidence of proven AIDS in this series (29%) was low, undoubtedly because many patients refused testing, and the multiple gram-positive and gram-negative infections that were seen did not conform to the Centers for Disease Control criteria for diagnosis and case reporting for AIDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of surgery in treating pleuropulmonary suppurative disease--review of 77 cases managed at Queens Hospital Center between 1986 and 1989. 160 13

Abscess formation is uncommon in eosinophilic lung disease. In this paper we present a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia in which bronchofiberoscopy revealed scattered small abscesses in the large airways. Pathological examination revealed the presence of inflammatory cells with eosinophilic infiltration in both the bronchial mucosa and lung parenchyma.
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PMID:Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with small abscesses in the tracheo-bronchial mucosa and lung parenchyma. 161 Nov 93

The disease concept of idiopathic BOOP has emerged from a study of many open lung biopsy cases of diffuse infiltrative lung disease. The histopathologic features of idiopathic BOOP have several components: bronchiolitis obliterans, organizing pneumonia, accumulation of foamy cells in the peripheral air spaces, and interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells. These pathologic findings are nonspecific and many conditions show such a BOOP pattern. Idiopathic BOOP has been discussed in the context of bronchiolitis obliterans, organizing pneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia. While clinically idiopathic BOOP has a relatively broad spectrum of manifestation, BOOP stands as a clinicopathologic disease entity among diffuse infiltrative lung diseases of unknown etiology.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. 162 10


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