Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

I found the recent increase during the past eight years of the incidence of respiratory infections caused by Branhamella catarrhalis. Namely, I experienced 74 cases (93 episodes) of the respiratory infections; 5 pneumonia, 14 acute bronchitis, 1 lung abscess, 36 chronic bronchitis, 7 chronic bronchiolitis, 21 bronchiectasis and 9 chronic pulmonary emphysema with infection. In 65 of 93 infectious episodes, Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated as a pure culture and in 28 episodes it was associated with other organisms, 13 Haemophilus influenzae etc. In all the cases, a positive correlation was found between beneficial clinical results and disappearance of the organism from the sputum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the representative beta-lactam and other antibiotics against 104 strains were determined. All of these strains were obtained during last four years from 1980 to 1983 from the purulent sputa as the main pathogen. Annually, this organism has significantly acquired resistance to beta-lactams. By 1983, 74% of Branhamella catarrhalis isolated from the purulent sputa became a beta-lactamase producers. And the failure cases of Branhamella catarrhalis infections treated with beta-lactams have increased during the last two years. These results have clearly showed also the importance of Branhamella catarrhalis as the common pathogen for respiratory organ.
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PMID:Clinical significance of respiratory infection caused by Branhamella catarrhalis with special reference to beta-lactamase producing strains. 300 26

Severe inflammatory lung disease resulting in severe unilateral pulmonary pathology necessitating pneumonectomy is still encountered in third world populations. A retrospective study of the last 64 patients undergoing pneumonectomy was performed. The underlying lung pathology was: destroyed lung due to tuberculosis in 33 patients; severe bronchiectasis in 25; necrotizing pneumonia in 4; lung abscess in 1 and hypoplastic lung in 1 patient. The perioperative management of these patients is outlined. Perioperative complications included respiratory failure in 4, secondary haemorrhage in 2 and post-pneumonectomy empyema in 5 patients. There were 2 mortalities (3.1%), both due to contralateral spillage with fulminant respiratory failure. Excellent results were achieved in 89% of the patients.
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PMID:Pneumonectomy for severe inflammatory lung disease. Results in 64 consecutive cases. 327 10

Eight patients with haematologic malignancies contracted fatal invasive aspergillosis during an outbreak. Five patients were neutropenic. Bronchofiberoscopic examination with microbiology specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage yielded Aspergillus fumigatus in only 2/5 patients examined. The specific diagnosis reached during lifetime in 5 patients was based on a combination of invasive procedures (lung biopsy in 2, percutaneous lung puncture in 1), the presence of a lung abscess (3 patients), seroconversion (1 patient), and purulent maxillary sinusitis caused by A. fumigatus together with repeated abundant growth of A. fumigatus in the sputum (1 patient). Six patients received amphotericin B. The infection was temporarily controlled only in 2 bone marrow transplant recipients whose granulocyte counts recovered. In 3/8 patients the pneumonia was of polymicrobial aetiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2 patients), Pneumocystis carinii (1 patient), and Legionella pneumophila (1 patient) being the other microbes involved. 3/4 bone marrow transplant recipients with aspergillosis had been transplanted for chronic myeloid leukaemia, supporting the previously reported association of bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia and the risk of invasive aspergillosis. Improved diagnostic methods for earlier definitive diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis as well as more efficacious and less toxic antifungal agents are needed to allow early treatment.
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PMID:Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Clinical experience with eight haematologic patients. 332 14

Pediatric patients with serious infections are usually hospitalized for parenteral antibiotic treatment. We studied prospectively 74 pediatric patients with community-acquired serious infections and used once daily intramuscular ceftriaxone. Seventeen patients (23%) were initially hospitalized and 57 (77%) patients were treated entirely as outpatients. An initial intramuscular dose of 75 mg/kg was followed by daily doses of 50 mg/kg (maximum, 1.5 g). Infections treated included periorbital/buccal cellulitis, other cellulitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, mastoiditis, suppurative arthritis and orbital cellulitis. Organisms were recovered from cultures of 37 (50%) patients and 6 (8%) patients were bacteremic. Bacteria included Gram-positive (mostly Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (mostly enteric bacilli and Haemophilus influenzae organisms). No serious side effects were observed. Of 74 patients 72 (97%) were cured and improvement was usually observed within 24 hours. Two patients did not improve: one with chronic Pseudomonas mastoiditis; and one with lung abscess. Based on previous experience it is estimated that 376 hospitalization days were saved. All 72 successfully treated patients and their parents resumed normal activity within 72 hours of starting therapy. Our data suggest that ceftriaxone can be used for outpatient treatment of some infectious diseases.
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PMID:Outpatient treatment of serious community-acquired pediatric infections using once daily intramuscular ceftriaxone. 332 38

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are now causing severe clinical infection on a worldwide basis. Pulmonary infection due to MRSA although widely reported is poorly documented. We report the predisposing factors, underlying diseases, treatment and outcome in 4 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with empyema thoracis, 1 patient with pneumonia and empyema thoracis, 1 patient with pneumonia plus lobectomy wound infection and 2 patients with lung abscess. Vancomycin was highly effective in treatment, a finding compatible with experience treating other severe MRSA infections.
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PMID:Pulmonary infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 340 69

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) is a new oxacephem with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. We used FMOX for treatment of 13 patients with respiratory tract infections including 4 cases of pneumonia, 5 of lung abscess and 4 of exacerbation of the chronic airway diseases. FMOX showed excellent in vitro antimicrobial activities against clinical isolates including 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and each one strain of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clinical responses were excellent in 3 cases, good in 7 and fair or poor in 3. No side effect was observed, but abnormal laboratory findings caused by FMOX administration were found in 2 cases; hypertransaminasemia and eosinophilia. However, neither of them was severe. From the above results, it is considered that FMOX will be useful for treatment of patients with respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on flomoxef in respiratory tract infections]. 344 21

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a new carbapenem antibiotic and a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in a joint study in the pediatric field by a study group consisting of investigators at 16 institutions. The results were summarized below. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of MK-0787/MK-0791 were 27.7-190.0/28.3-216.4 micrograms/ml at doses of 10/10-50/50 mg/kg administered by a 30 or 60-minute drip infusion. The above findings proved that dose response was clearly observed. Over a period of 6 or 7 hours, the urinary excretion of MK-0787 and MK-0791 totaled 54.2-88.0% and 53.6-89.0% of the dose administered, respectively. Plasma half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in the beta-phase were 0.87-1.05 hours and 0.59-0.95 hour, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of MK-0787 in patients with purulent meningitis were 2.0-14.4 micrograms/ml; however, the penetration rate of the drug into the CSF was relatively poor in patients with normal meninges. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 283 patients. In 112 patients the daily dosage ranged from 30/30 mg/kg to 59/59 mg/kg, and in 138 patients it ranged from 60/60 mg/kg to 99/99 mg/kg. The maximum dose administered was 222/222 mg/kg. The drug was administered either 3 or 4 times per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% among 187 patients with identified etiologic pathogens. The drug was effective in 3 out of 4 patients with purulent meningitis and in 7 out of 10 patients with septicemia. The clinical efficacy rate was 96.7% in 90 patients with respiratory tract infection (pneumonia, lung abscess, etc.), 96.5% in 57 patients with urinary tract infection, 90.9% in 11 patients with SSTI. The clinical efficacy rate in those with no identified etiologic pathogen was 97.0% among 101 patients. Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for S. aureus was 87.9% of 33 isolates. Comprehensively, the eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.7% of 75 isolates. The eradication rate for P. aeruginosa was 87.5% of 8 isolates. Including these strains, the eradication rate for Gram-negative bacteria was 90.3% of 134 isolates. The MK-0787/MK-0791 exhibited an eradication rate of 91.9% among a total of 211 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for Imipenem/Cilastatin Sodium]. 346 85

Diagnosis of esophageal-pleural fistulae may be difficult in the absence of mediastinitis. To determine the value of CT in establishing this diagnosis and in detecting mediastinal involvement, CT findings in seven patients with esophageal-pleural fistulae were studied retrospectively. The fistulae were secondary to surgery (five patients), esophageal dilatation (one patient), and esophageal carcinoma (one patient). CT findings included barium, air, and fluid in the pleural space and pneumonia. These abnormalities seemed to distinguish an esophageal fistula from other pathologic processes, such as aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary emboli, and bronchopleural fistulae, and they documented a lack of inflammatory reactions in the mediastinum associated with the fistula. The latter finding is important, because patients with esophageal-pleural fistulae without mediastinitis have a less severe clinical course and respond better to conservative treatment. CT is useful for patients with normal findings on esophagrams when suspicion of esophageal-pleural fistulae remains high and when satisfactory esophagrams cannot be obtained.
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PMID:CT of esophageal-pleural fistulae. 349 Jan 62

Clinical evaluation and kinetics in serum of cefoperazone (CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been conducted as a multicenter trial participated by 20 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 8 months from October 1984 to May 1985. Mean serum CPZ levels up to 4 hours following the end of intravenous infusion of either 1 or 2 g CPZ remained higher than the MIC80 of CPZ against major causative organisms of lower respiratory tract infections such as H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae. Serum half-lives of CPZ following intravenous infusion were prolonged in the elderly and in patients who showed moderate liver or kidney dysfunction, but did not exceed twofold of normal value. Clinical efficacy rates of CPZ were 82.9% (34/41) against pneumonia, 80% (4/5) against lung abscess, 88.9% (32/36) against acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 66.7% (2/3) against panbronchiolitis, 100% (1/1) against acute bronchitis, and 85.7% (12/14), 64.3% (9/14) and 70.0% (7/10) against infections concurrent to chronic respiratory diseases, pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 81.5% (101/124). Bacteriological eradication rates against P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were 60% (6/10), 88.9% (8/9) and 100% (3/3), respectively. The overall eradication rate including polymicrobial infection was 67.5% (27/40). The clinical efficacy rate of CPZ in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumoconiosis, etc. was not significantly different from the efficacy rate in patients without these underlying diseases. Of 20 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 13 were effectively treated by CPZ. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.7% (11/164) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash, fever, diarrhea and loose stool. Laboratory abnormalities were seen in 5 patients during the study. These included elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, eosinophilia and neutropenia. CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections because of its excellent clinical efficacy and rare incidence of abnormal accumulations in sera following the recommended 2-4 g/day administration even in the elderly.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 354 33

A group of 306 patients with acute pulmonary hemorrhage were evaluated by means of bronchial arteriography and treated with transcatheter embolization. Specific causes for bleeding included lung abscess, chronic pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and bronchiectasis. In 120 patients the hemoptysis was massive, with volumes exceeding 500 ml/day. The majority (n = 225) were treated during peak hemorrhage. Embolization was performed with one of three methods: particulate embolization with polyurethane or velour, obturation with the angiographic catheter combined with peripheral embolization by means of infused albumin macroaggregates, and regional infusion of sclerosing agents. Effective hemostasis was obtained initially in 278 patients (90.8%), including 87.5% of those treated during peak hemorrhage. In 26 of 28 cases without initial response, the pulmonary artery was the source of bleeding. Recurrent bleeding, within 1-4 days, requiring surgery was observed in 39 patients with initially successful hemostasis. Of 158 patients who were treated without surgery, subsequent episodes of hemoptysis occurred in 36. Combined methods of embolization may improve the efficacy of treatment of operable and inoperable patients with lung disease complicated by hemorrhage.
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PMID:Transcatheter embolization in the management of pulmonary hemorrhage. 356 15


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