Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lincomycin (L), spectinomycin (S), and both (L-S) were evaluated in vitro and vivo against canine pathogens. In vitro, a wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity was achieved with L-S than with either L or S. The therapeutic effects of the antibiotics were investigated in 36 dogs inoculated with a mixture of the microbal agents. Tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, abscess formation, and necropsy findings were measured. The L-S combination was effective for the treatment of tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, and pneumonia in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of lincomycin and spectinomycin on canine pathogens. 12 73

In each of 11 experiments, four calves were exposed first to an aerosol of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1, virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and second to an aerosol of Pasteurella haemolytica. The interval between aerosols was three to five days. In two other experiments, calves were exposed only to a bacterial aerosol. Climate was controlled for all experiments from the day of viral exposure and for eight of the experiments it was also controlled for four to six days before the first aerosol. The concentration of infectious doses of virus in the aerosols and the number of bacteria in the aerosols of each calf were determined. Macroscopically recognizable rhinitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and pneumonia of lobar distribution in 42 lobes from 11 calves were seen in five experiments in which bacterial aerosol followed the viral aerosol by at least four days. One calf died with marked respiratory disease in each of four experiments within four days of exposure to the bacterial aerosol. Production of pneumonia was dependent on an interval between aerosols of at least four days but not on the condition of controlled climate on the environmental chamber either before or after the viral aerosol nor on the period of habituation allowed calves of some experiments.
 ...
PMID:Pneumonia in calves produced with aerosols of bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica. 21 Sep 12

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a new oral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 42 children with bacterial infections (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. 1. CFPZ was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at daily dosages ranging from 15.3 to 60.0 mg/kg to 42 patients (19 cases of acute tonsillitis and/or laryngitis, pharyngitis, 13 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases each of suppurative cervical lymphadenitis and UTI, and 1 case each of scarlet fever, acute otitis media, suppurative parotitis, impetigo contagiosa, furuncle and acute enteritis) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 24 cases, good; 14 cases, fair; 4 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 90.5% (Table 3). 2. MICs of CFPZ against 50 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 4. In 19 cases out of 28 cases examined, causative organisms were successfully eradicated and strain of Staphylococcus aureus was decreased in 1 case. 3. Diarrhea was observed in 2 cases (cases 8, 11). In case 8, the symptom disappeared spontaneously. Case 11 improved immediately after the administration of the drug was stopped. Among 39 children who went through laboratory tests, eosinophilia which seemed to be related to the administration of this drug was observed in 2 cases (cases 29, 38). Slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT were found in 1 case (case 22) (Table 7). 4. These data suggest that CFPZ is a safe and useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefprozil in children]. 128 80

Infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae were first described in 1985. The infection can cause common cold, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, fatigue and sometimes influenza-like illness. Examination can indicate serous otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The course can be long and relapsing. The recommended drugs for treatment are tetracycline or erythromycin for at least two weeks. Five verified cases are described in the article, four of them with symptoms from the upper respiratory tract only. It is concluded that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a not unusual cause of upper airway diseases. Up to now the diagnosis can best be verified by micro immunofluorescence. The authors call for a rapid and reliable test for use in physician's office. It is proposed that infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae be termed TWAR.
 ...
PMID:[TWAR infection is a common diagnosis in outpatient clinics]. 157 35

Among many causes of relapsing and chronic respiratory diseases in children the authors revealed gastrooesophageal reflux (GER) in 53 of 106 examined children, i.e. in 50%. Therefore examination of GER was included in routine examinations of all children admitted on account of the following diseases: laryngitis rec., bronchitis rec., bronchitis obstructiva rec., pneumonia rec., bronchiectasy, bronchitis deformans, asthma bronchiale. GER was detected in 208 children aged 6 months to 15 years. All children were subjected to an X-ray examination by contrast substance and to sonography of the cardia. In clinically serious cases manometric and pH metric examinations were made. When GER was detected the authors recommended conservative treatment: postural position, restricted fluid intake before going to bed, elimination of cocoa and chocolate, antacids. A favourable effect of conservative treatment in the course of 1-2 years was recorded in 60 of 76 children, who attended check-up examinations, i. e. in 79%. In children where serious complaints persisted, in particular rec. pneumonia, the development of deforming bronchitis and bronchiectasy or dyspnoic attacks, the authors indicated after completion of examinations and agreement with surgeons, a surgical approach. Fundoplication was performed in 22 children, i. e. in 10% of the patients where GER was revealed.
 ...
PMID:[Gastroesophageal reflux as the basis of recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases]. 189 35

From January 1986 to December 1987, 596 children less than 5 years of age with lower respiratory tract infection (LRI)--manifested as laryngitis, croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia--were studied for evidence of infection with respiratory tract viruses Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Of the 596 children in the study, 315 were ambulatory and 281 were hospitalized. Virologic studies included isolation and rapid diagnosis of virus from specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and serologic studies of blood samples. Cultures of NPA for C. trachomatis were performed for children less than 6 months of age who had pneumonia. Of the LRI cases, 45% were associated with viral infections of the respiratory tract and 12.1% were associated with C. trachomatis. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounted for 45.2% of infections with viral agents and was associated with acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Parainfluenza type 3 virus was the most common virus found in conjunction with laryngitis and croup. The incidence of infections due to RSV peaked in July and August, while that of infections due to parainfluenza viruses peaked in February and March; influenza viruses and adenoviruses were isolated throughout the year.
 ...
PMID:A study of nonbacterial agents of acute lower respiratory tract infection in Thai children. 212 59

Bacterial tracheitis, previously referred to as nondiphtheritic laryngitis with marked exudate, was commonly discussed in pediatric textbooks before 1940. It seemed to disappear as a clinical entity after that time, but it has been recorded with increasing frequency in the pediatric literature since 1979. We describe eight new cases and review 110 previously described cases. The clinical course consists of a prodromal upper respiratory illness with stridor, fever, and a variable degree of respiratory distress. Unlike patients with croup, patients with bacterial tracheitis do not respond to aerosolized racemic epinephrine. Most patients require endotracheal intubation; some require tracheostomy. Reported complications include pneumonia, pneumothorax, formation of pseudomembranes, toxic shock syndrome, and cardiopulmonary arrest. Bacterial tracheitis is a secondary bacterial infection following a primary viral respiratory infection. The most common preceding viral infection is parainfluenza. Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae are the predominant causes of bacterial tracheitis. Secondary bacterial infection may occur as a result of tracheal mucosal injury or impairment of normal phagocytic function due to viral infection.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial tracheitis: report of eight new cases and review. 223 9

Admissions and readmissions of children with asthma to the Paediatric Department, Sentralsykehuset i Akershus, increased from 197 in 1986 to 318 in 1988. The hospitalization period for children under two years of age with more than one admission has increased, which may indicate more severe asthma within this age group. Admissions for pneumonia have increased from 35 to 90, while admissions for bronchiolitis and laryngitis have remained stable. The distribution of number of admissions per 1,000 of the population is irregular. The frequency of admissions is no higher for the large communities around Oslo, exposed to motorways, traffic and heavy industry, than for the more rural communities. This may suggest that air pollution is not the major cause of the observed increase in the numbers of admissions to our department.
 ...
PMID:[Rising admission of children with asthma]. 225 32

We have carried our laboratory and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221). The results were summarized as follows. CDZM was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 2 children at a single dose of 10 mg/kg and to 2 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg and to 3 children at a single dose of 40 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, mean serum levels of CDZM obtained for the 3 dose levels were 76.16 +/- 5.52 micrograms/ml, 170.49 +/- 16.70 micrograms/ml, 270.01 +/- 50.44 micrograms/ml at the end of injection, respectively, and serum half-lives were 2.03 +/- 0.78 hours, 2.03 +/- 0.38 hours, 2.28 +/- 0.30 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate of CDZM were 83.3 +/- 22.3%, 73.1 +/- 13.9%, 51.1 +/- 8.5% in the first 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with CDZM was made in 28 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 5 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 10 cases of pneumonia, 6 cases of enteritis, 3 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of maxillary sinusitis and laryngitis. Results obtained were excellent in 13 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 2 cases, poor in 6 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed except one case of thrombocytosis and 2 cases each of elevated GOT and elevated GOT and GPT.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatric field]. 226 65

Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences.
 ...
PMID:[Overall clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil against infections in pediatric fields]. 268 63


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>