Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A steady and long-term increase of the endogenous serotonine concentration in the lungs, spleen, and brain achieved by administration of nontoxic doses of indopan, an inhibitor of monoamineoxidase, caused a significant decrease of resistance of animals to influenza virus in acute infection. After natural route of inoculation with 20 LD50 of the allantoic influenza A3/WSN (HON1) virus strain in the animals treated with indopan the area of lung affection with specific influenza pneumonia increased, the virus concentration in the lungs and spleen rose sharply, the titre of IgM antibody in the blood decreased; the animal mortality in this group also increased. The level of serotonin in the blood and organs of latently infected animals became normal 6 weeks after virus inoculation. In some of these animals, however, indopan caused a greater increase of serotonin level in the lungs than in intact mice of the same weight and age. Without changing the amine levels in the spleen and the brain, indopan caused 4-16-fold increase in the titer of specific antihemagglutinins in the blood, mostly of IgM fraction, as compared with the controls. In latent influenza infection the balance of serotonin metabolism in the lungs in unstable.
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PMID:[Acute and latent influenzal infection in mice with altered endogenous serotonin metabolism]. 91 2

Three chemotherapeutic drugs active against type A influenza virus (amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin) were tested as therapeutic agents against established infections with influenza virus in mice. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally or as aerosols either from 6 hr to four days or from three to seven days after infection. Small-particle aerosols were administered continuously 24 hr per day. Continuous dissemination of aerosols was superior to intraperitoneal administration, as evidenced by higher survival rates at 21 days. Rimantadine, amantadine, and ribavirin were effective when treatment was delayed for three days. Ribavirin was the most efficacious if therapy was initiated as an aerosol 6 hr after infection. In contrast to amantadine, ribavirin given in samll-particle aerosols at 6 hr prevented the development of pneumonia and decreased titers of virus in lung.
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PMID:Small-particle aerosols of antiviral compounds in treatment of type A influenza pneumonia in mice. 93 1

Relative to a particular level of female mortality, male mortality is lower than expected, currently and historically, in Northwestern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and Tropical Latin America; it is higher than expected in Western-Central Europe and in the Far East. The geographical pattern of differentials is attributable primarily to variation in the masculinity of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and influenza/pneumonia/bronchitis. Over time, male mortality has increased relative to a particular level of female mortality, and these same causes of death are principally responsible. In the 1960's, high masculinity of mortality was associated independently with low proportions in primary activities, high proportions hiring in large cities, and with high discrimination against females in school enrollment combined with poor nutritional standards. The former two variables once again operate primarily through cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and the respiratory diseases, whereas the discrimination-nutrition interaction appears to operate through infectious diseases. Variations in levels of economic modernization are capable of accounting for a substantial portion of the regional differences, although certain constitutional factors such as physiotype are also plausibly implicated, and they are also congruent with trends in sex mortality differentials.
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PMID:[Causes of death responsible for international and intertemporal variation in sex mortality differentials]. 93 40

A complex scheme of prophylaxis of exacerbation and progression of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children was developed. It included the use of bicillin, stimulating therapy, desensibilizing drugs, vitamins, proteolytic enzymes, physiotherapy, physical excercises, massage, sanation of the chronic infection foci and interferone administration during influenza. 466 patients were subjected to the active prophylaxis for a period of 1-3 years. No exacerbation of progressing of chronic pneumonia was observed in 81.3 per cent of the children subjected to bicillin prophylaxis for 3 years. The number of the bronchial asthma attacks in the group of the patients with the infectious allergic form of bronchial asthma decreased 3-4 times per year under the effect of complex prophylactic therapy, the attacks became shorter and their elimanation with broncholitics was easier.
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PMID:[Bicillin in a complex scheme for the active prophylaxis of exacerbations and the progression of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children]. 94 97

Pulmonary epithelial cell destruction in mice infected with PR8-A influenza virus has been studied with light and electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry, and correlated with pulmonary surfactant activity. All epithelial cell types were infected by the virus, resulting in destruction, pneumonitis, and atelectasis by seven to ten days. Pulmonary surfactant activity decreased progressively following onset of infection, and was minimal by seven to ten days. Before types 1 and 2 alveolar pneumocytes regenerated, the regenerating bronchial cells grew peripherally into some of the denuded alveolar ducts and alveoli to form epithelial nodules. Eventually the types 1 and 2 pneumocytes regenerated to cover the alveolar surfaces that were not invaded by bronchial epithelium. This regeneration was associated with increased surfactant activity in the postinfluenzal lesions, suggesting that the type 2 pneumocytes are a source of surfactant.
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PMID:Epithelial and surfactant changes in influenzal pulmonary lesions. 94 2

An 8-month-old infant with severe pneumonia and massive pleural effusions was found to have concurrent infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and influenza A virus. This was proved by the isolation of both agents from the pleural fluid. We believe this is the first case of isolation of an influenza virus from pleural effusions.
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PMID:Pneumonia and pleural effusion. Association with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus. 96 45

Several prospective methods for surveillance of influenza were compared for the speed and efficacy with which they identified cases of influenza in metropolitan Atlanta during 1972-1975, a period in which two outbreaks of influenza occurred. In a large city-county hospital's outpatient clinics, systematic collection of pharyngeal cultures for virus isolation provided a rapid means for discovering the presence of influenzal illness and for monitoring the extent of the outbreak. Both obtaining cultures and determining the percentage of patients with respiratory complaints indicated an outbreak 3-5 weeks before epidemic disease was confirmed by a rise in the number of deaths due to pneumonia and influenza. Antigenic analysis of influenza A strains isolated during this three-year period showed that influenza A strains recovered in Atlanta in 1973-1974 (a non-epidemic year) were identical to the strains recovered in the 1974-1975 epidemic. Why no epidemic occurred in 1973-1974 in the presence of the epidemic strain of the virus is unknown, and the lack of an epidemic suggests that the role of virus persistence in the epidemiology of influenza requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Influenza detection: a prospective comparison of surveillance methods and analysis of isolates. 96 91

An attempt was made to determine the frequency of lung cancer occurrence in different inflammatory processes in the bronchi and pulmonary tissue. 100 cases of lung cancer were studied according to case reports and autopsy finding, the main tumor node and metastases were explored histologically. The data obtained indicated that in 2.2% of cases the development of cancer was preceded by influenza with residual phenomenon such as purulent bronchitis or pneumonia, in 2.3% of cases cancer occurrence was found to be dependent on chronic pneumonia. In 12.1% of cases cancer has arisen in fibrous-focal or cirrhotic tuberculosis with the presence of old caverns; in 14.7% of cases its development was related with pneumosclerosis and bronchiectases, and in 17.8% of cases it developed against the background of purulent bronchitis.
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PMID:[Lung cancer in chronic inflammatory processes of the bronchi and pulmonary tissue]. 96 40

Ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is an effective antiviral agent against type A influenza infection of mice. Therapy was most effective when administered as a small-particle aerosol early in the infection. Treatment was also effective by either the intraperitoneal or aerosol route in mice with histological evidence of pneumonia. Ribavirin increased the percent survival, lowered lung virus titers, and decreased the development of lung pathology when therapy was initiated at 6 h as a small-particle aerosol. There was no evidence of pulmonary toxicity or immunosuppressive effects.
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PMID:Therapeutic effects of ribavirin given by the intraperitoneal or aerosol route against influenza virus infections in mice. 98 96

A pathomorphological study of antiviral chemotherapeutic activity of benaphthon was carried out in tests involving intranasal inoculation of mice with influenza A2 (Hong Kong) 68 viruses (infection doses of 1 DL75 and 10 DL75) and of rabbits with herpetic keratitis, provoked by the herpes simplex virus (strain Ela-5699). A single prophylactic introduction of bonaphthon with subsequent 4-day treatment of experimental influenzal pneumonia of mice was found to produce a significant diminution in the frequency of the pneumonia development in experimental animals, a reduction in the number of severe and lethal forms of the malady and, by preventing the development of morphologically grave forms, to improve the prognosis. The use of bonaphthon in experimental herpetic keratitis of rabbits, irrespective of the mode of its administration (locally or by mouth) cuts down the period of the keratitis cure almost in half, contributes to a speedier epithelization of the ulcerated surface and to the disappearance of inflammatory manifestations in the very substance of the cornea.
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PMID:[Pathomorphological study of antiviral chemotherapeutic effectiveness of bonaphthon under experimental conditions]. 102 19


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