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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of influenza pneumonia is described in which death occurred from persistence of the influenza infection and suprainfection with two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and another virus, Herpes simplex. Of additional interest were the observations that this overwhelming illness developed in a previously healthy person, that typical influenza virus particles were present in antemortem lung tissue, and that the patient died despite 6 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and corticosteroids.
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PMID:Fatal case of influenza pneumonia with suprainfection by multiple bacteria and Herpes simplex virus. 17 58

401 cases of viral pneumonia diagnosed between January 1973 and August 1975 were investigated serologically by the complement-fixation test. The percentage distribution of the responsible pathogenic organism in this series of cases was as follows: influenza virus A 45.9%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae 19.5%, Coxsackie B viruses 9.2%, cytomegalovirus 7.5% and Chlamydia psittaci 8.5%. The remaining 9.4% cases were caused by adeno, parainfluenza, measles, influenza B, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. Influenza virus was found mainly in elderly people (mean age 58.4 years), whilst pneumonia due to Mycoplasma occurred mainly in young adults (mean age 24.4 years). Infections with Coxsackie B viruses were almost entirely restriced to the warmer months; by contrast, the influenza virus was usually found in epidemic form and only during a few weeks in winter.
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PMID:[Aetiological studies on viral pneumonia (author's transl)]. 18 13

Viremia in parainfluenza was studied in 80 patients (35 children and 45 adults) in the time course of the disease during the springautumn period of 1969-1974. For the detection of viremia, the immunofluorescence procedure, namely, the detection of early stages of virus replication in the tissue culture cells infected with the blood from the patients, was used. The tests were performed with 204 blood specimens. The blood clot was diluted 1 : 1 with distilled water and followed the conventional method. Commercial FITZ-globulins with high antibody titres to parainfluenza virus type 1, 2, and 3, influenza A2 and B and adenovirus types 3 and 7, were used. The clinical manifestations of parainfluenza in the observed patients were typical of the disease. Complications developed in 60% of the cases. As a result of clinical and laboratory examinations, viremed early and late (up to 22 days) in the disease in patients of different age groups both at high and low fever; for longer periods and later in the disease it was observed in patients with complications (pneumonia, maxillary simusitis), but always in the presence of clinical manifestations of parainfluenza.
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PMID:[Determination of viremia in patients with para-influenza by immunofluorescence technic]. 18 59

The immunofluorescent procedure in examinations of the autopsy material from 304 fatal cases hospitalized for acute pneumonia permitted to diagnose influenza A2 in 29.0%, influenza B in 18.1%, parainfluenza in 3.5%, adenovirus infection in 9.2% and respiratory syncytial virus infection in 3.5% of the cases. In the period of a high incidence of acute respiratory infection, influenza A2 was detected by this method in 40.9% and influenza B in 50% of the cases. Simultaneous examinations of the material in the influenza epidemic period by virological and immunofluorescent methods (63 cases) in 13 cases positive results were obtained with both methods, in 6 cases where influenza viruses were detected the immunofluorescent test was negative, and in 28 cases the positive diagnosis by the immunofluorescent test could not be confirmed virologically. Among the cases examined, 33 were found by the immunofluorescence test to have a mixed respiratory infection, including influenza A2 with other forms of respiratory infection in 18, and influenza B with other respiratory infections in 19 cases. Serological examinations by the complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests on the blood from fatal cases irrespective of the time of examination, as a rule, revealed antibody in low titres which did not confirm the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Immunofluorescent method of studying autopsy material in acute pneumonia]. 19 64

Electron microscopical study of the lung tissue from a 75-year-old man who died of influenza pneumonia (A/Victoria/RI/76) demonstrated fibrillary inclusions in the nuclei of many alveolar lining cells, in bronchial epithelial cells, and also in endothelial cells. These inclusions were morphologically different from those previously reported in experimental animals. In view of previous experimental studies indicating the necessity of nuclear participation in the replication of influenza virus, these inclusions may be virus-induced structures. Also, possibly the presence of these inclusions in the nuclei of many endothelial cells might be indicative of endothelial damage of microvessels and may be a pathogenetically important factor in influenza pneumonia.
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PMID:Intranuclear fibrillary inclusions in influenza pneumonia. 20 27

The present measles problem in the United States, an estimated 918,500 cases in 1977, is attributed to the failure of the 14-year vaccination program to immunize enough children to prevent continued circulation of the virus and recurrent outbreaks. A new strategy for rapidly overcoming this problem is recommended. There appears to be no current congenital rubella syndrome problem against which the rubella vaccination program in the United States is directed. However, the continued annual infection of an estimated two million children conceivably could again bring fourth a rubella virus with a greater capacity for producing congenital rubella syndrome, and a modification of the present program is recommended. About 80 to 90% of the annual 60-70 million cases of severe enough to confine the victim to bed influenza are not caused by the influenza viruses. Except for the few thousand additional deaths directly attributed to influenza A virus during the epidemic years, mortality rates for pneumonia, heart diseases, chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, and other former "high-risk" conditions have continued to decrease in recent years, and have not risen during the 12-month periods of epidemic years. A re-evaluation of the current influenza vaccination policy is recommended. Prospects for hepatitis B and varicella-zoster vaccines are discussed.
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PMID:Overview and horizons in prevention of some human infectious diseases by vaccination. 21 Jun 52

Virological investigations were carried out on 4 151 patients with respiratory disease hospitalized between May 1966 and April 1972. The groups examined were Black and White children and Black miners. Influenza viruses were more common among malnourished Black children and tended to cause more severe disease. This was also true of adenovirus and Herpesvirus hominis type 1 infections. Adenoviruses appear to be secondary invaders, frequently after a measles or influenza attack. A generalized epidemic of adenovirus type 7 occurred in 1967, the longest, coldest and most humid winter during the survey. The season of peak occurrence for respiratory syncytial (RS) virus is autumn, not winter as found elsewhere. The parainfluenza viruses differ from each other, types 1 and 2 being commoner in older children (12--48 months), mainly causing laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB), whereas type 3 is commoner in younger children (0--23 months), mainly causing pneumonia. The miners showed a preponderance of influenza A infections. The miners' origin from remote villages and high turnover rate create a situation where a given strain will persist at a moderate level for long periods, unlike in the general population where an outbreak lasts for only about 6--8 weeks. As opposed to other closed communities, adenovirus infections were rare. The reason for this is obscure.
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PMID:Respiratory viruses in hospital patients on the Witwatersrand. A 7-year study. 21 51

Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by an increase of alveolocapillary permeability, due to different etiologies: fat embolism, multiple trauma, septic shock, influenza pneumonia, aspiration syndrome... Chest radiographs exhibit interstitial and/or alveolar pattern, severity of injury is assessed by the magnitude of intra-pulmonary shunting. Pulmonary wedge pressure is normal, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance is sometimes evidence in prolonged evolutions, especially in fatal cases. Treatment consists in the suppression of hypervolemia, and ventilation with positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP). Extra-corporeal membrane lung oxygenation remains since now rather unsuccessful.
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PMID:[Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (author's transl)]. 22 Jul 23

From October 1976 to June 1977 virological researches have been carried out on 5 subjects with influenza, on 302 children hospitalized in pediatric departments for respiratory illness and 94 children hospitalized in the same departments for other (non respiratory) diseases. The incidence of influenza was moderate and restricted to small epidemic episodes in school and preschool children. The isolated viruses resulted of A type, substantially similar to the prototype strains appeared from 1972 to 1975. Among children hospitalized for respiratory diseases Adenoviruses (6.8%) and, with decreasing frequency, Enteroviruses, paraifluenza viruses and RS have been also isolated. The incidence of isolation of RS virus is significantly related to bronchopneumonia cases in infants under on year of age. The incidence of significant increases of FC antibodies against influenza (A and B) viruses, RS and Myc. pneumoniae in children with bronchitis and broncho-pneumonia is also considerable. The drawing of pharyngeal swabs at different intervals from the entry to the hospital has shown that the shedding of respiratory viruses is generally very short and that hospital cross-infections may occur.
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PMID:[Virological research in acute respiratory diseases in 1976--1977 (author's transl)]. 22 5

Specificity of cytotoxic T-cell function was investigated for a range of different influenza viruses. T cells from mice immunized with A or B strain influenza viruses, or with vaccinia virus, showed reciprocal exclusion of cytotoxicity. Extensive cross-reactivity was, however, found for lymphocyte populations from mice infected with a variety of serologically distinct influenza A viruses, though serum antibodies did not cross-react when tested in a radioimmunoassay using comparable target cells as immunoadsorbents. This apparent lack of T-cell specificity was recognized for immune spleen cells generated after intraperitoneal inoculation of high titers of virus, and for mediastinal lymph node populations from mice with pneumonia due to infection with much less virus. The phenomenon could not be explained on the basis of exposure to the chicken host component, which is common to A and B strain viruses. However, not all of the virus-immune T-cell clones are cross-reactive. Competitive-inhibition experiments indicate that a considerable proportion of the lymphocyte response is restricted to the immunizing virus. Even so, the less specific component is significant. Also, exposure to one type A virus was found to prime for an enhanced cell-mediated immunity response after challenge with a second, serologically different A strain virus.
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PMID:Generation of both cross-reactive and virus-specific T-cell populations after immunization with serologically distinct influenza A viruses. 23 1


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