Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite significant advances in obstetric and pediatric health care, group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GBS) remains one of the most prevalent and devastating pathogens in peripartum women and their newborn infants. It may cause urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis and endometritis, bacteremia, and cesarean wound infection in the peripartum period. Moreover, GBS accounts for nearly 50% of serious neonatal bacterial infections. Approximately three in every 1,000 children born in the United States acquire pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis from GBS, with combined mortality and morbidity exceeding 50% despite appropriate antibiotic and supportive therapy. Estimates indicate that more than 10,000 infants are affected annually, at a cost of more than $300 million. Neonatal disease is divided into early- and late-onset syndromes: The illness emerging after six days of age differs in terms of GBS serotype, clinical manifestations, and outcome from the disseminated process seen in earlier onset. We describe two infants infected with GBS and discuss risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and options for disease prevention in the peripartum woman and her infant.
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PMID:Group B streptococcus infection in mother and child. 174 82

Enteroviral infections late in pregnancy are common, especially during periods of high prevalence of community infection. Most of these infections, however, are not associated with significant maternal or neonatal disease. Conversely, as many as 65 per cent of women who give birth to infants with proven enteroviral infection have symptomatic disease during the perinatal period. Maternal echovirus or coxsackievirus B infections are not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions, but stillbirths late in pregnancy have been described. Although a slightly increased risk for congenital heart defects and urogenital anomalies has been reported for the offspring of women who seroconverted to the group B coxsackievirus during pregnancy, these data are highly tentative. Transmission of enteroviruses from mother to infant is relatively common (30-50 per cent) and may occur through contact with maternal secretions during vaginal delivery, blood, or upper respiratory tract secretions. Intrauterine transmission has been documented, but its frequency is unknown. Postnatal transmission from maternal or nonmaternal sources also occurs regularly. Neonatal disease may range from inapparent infection to overwhelming systemic illness and death. Common clinical syndromes associated with neonatal enteroviral infections are meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, and hepatitis. The severity and outcome of perinatally acquired enteroviral infection is influenced by several factors, including the virus strain involved, mode of transmission, and presence of passively acquired serotype-specific maternal antibody. Newborn nursery outbreaks of nonpolio enteroviral infections usually coincide with seasonal peaks of enteroviral disease in the community. These outbreaks have been due mostly to echovirus 11 or group B coxsackievirus serotypes 1 to 5 and are associated with attack rates of up to 50 per cent.
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PMID:Perinatal echovirus and group B coxsackievirus infections. 283 56

A nulliparous woman presented at 21 weeks' gestation with a 72-h history of a rash on her left arm. Initially isolated to the forearm, it had quickly spread, becoming multiple itchy fluid-filled blisters. Blood tests showed mild neutrophilia and raised CRP. Skin swabs demonstrated the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) DNA. There was no history of previous HSV1 exposure. There is scant literature on uncomplicated cutaneous HSV1 since the majority is oral/genital. The incidence of transmission varies and is dependent on site of infection and immunological status. Type-specific serological testing is recommended to identify a primary first episode infection due to the 30-60% vertical transmission rate. Infection is associated with morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus including maternal encephalitis, acute retinal necrosis, pneumonia and hepatitis. Neonatal disease can be congenital (cutaneous lesions, microcephaly, hydranencephaly, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, microphthalmia and optic nerve atrophy) or acquired (skin, eyes and mouth disease or central nervous system disease or disseminated disease). Prophylactic aciclovir reduces the number of women with active genital lesions at the time of delivery. If primary infection occurs outside of the first trimester and active genital lesions are present, then vaginal delivery should be avoided. If infection has occurred in the first trimester, vaginal birth can be attempted even in the presence of active lesions. There is no available guidance on prophylactic treatment of non-genital HSV1 in pregnancy.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex 1 virus infection in pregnancy. 2868 Apr 63