Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR). The results are summarized as follows. CPDX-PR was given via oral administration to each 2 children at a single dose of 3 mg/kg and to each of 3 children in a 100 mg tablet. After the oral administration, mean peak serum levels of CPDX obtained for the 2 dose levels were 1.86 +/- 0.35 micrograms/ml and 2.16 +/- 0.63 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively, and mean half-lives were 1.31 +/- 0.02 hours and 1.47 +/- 0.18 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate of CPDX was 32.8 +/- 1.0% in the first 12 hours after the oral administration of 3 mg/kg. When a dose of 100 mg tablet was given to each of the 3 children, urinary excretion rates in the first 12 hours were 43.5%, 48.6% and 24.8%, respectively. Treatment with CPDX-PR was done in 38 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 19 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of pharyngitis, 1 case of bronchitis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases of impetigo, 4 cases of UTI and 1 case each of phlegmone, subcutaneous abscess and balanitis. Results obtained were excellent in 23 cases, good in 15 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatric field]. 281 Jul 32

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of cefteram (CFTM) in which aminothiazol was also introduced into the 7 position of cephem nucleus, is a new oral cephem antibiotic. CFTM-PI was absorbed through the intestines and hydrolyzed to CFTM by esterases in the intestinal wall and existed in the body fluids as CFTM. A tablet form of this drug has been released in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. We have determined MICs of 5 drugs (CFTM, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), erythromycin (EM], against stock strains and MICs of 6 drugs (CFTM, CEX, CCL, ABPC, methicillin, cloxacillin) against fresh strains from patients received to CFTM-PI, with an inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml. A total of 149 strains included Gram-positive cocci i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (11), Streptococcus pyogenes (85), Streptococcus agalactiae (16) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), and Gram-negative rods i.e. Haemophilus influenzae (11), Bordetella pertussis (11), Escherichia coli (9), Proteus mirabilis (1) and Morganella morganii (1). The granular form of CFTM-PI was administered to 9 boys (age: 8 years 3 months approximately 10 years 10 months) to determine serum and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery rates using bioassay. Doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg were given orally 30 minutes after meal to 3 boys, respectively. Urinary concentrations and its urinary recovery rates of T-2525A, a main metabolite of CFTM, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 3.3 mg/kg divided 3-4 times a day (3 times: 133 cases, 4 times: 9 cases) was administered for 8 days on the average to a total of 142 cases with pharyngitis (22), tonsillitis (12), acute bronchitis (3), pneumonia (11), pleurisy (1), scarlet fever (28), acute purulent otitis media (16), impetigo (13), abscess (2), purulent lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (33). Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. With regard to Gram-positive cocci, MICs of CFTM against 11 fresh strains of S. aureus ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml except for 1 strain, thus CFTM was equally effective to CEX, but less active than the other drugs tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil granule in the pediatric field]. 281 Jul 62

An unusual case of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) pneumonia, complicated by the development of a pneumothorax, is reported in an IgG2/IgG4 deficient infant delivered by caesarean section. C. trachomatis was isolated initially from a throat smear and subsequently from pleural effusions. Serological examinations using the complement fixation test were negative in sera of both mother and child. However, using immunofluorescence the presence of an acute or recent infection was confirmed by IgM-antibodies in the serum of the infant and IgA-antibodies in the serum of the mother. At the age of 7 months the girl suffered from impetigo contagiosa which was partially resistant to antibiotic treatment. IgG-subclass deficiency was diagnosed after the onset of this disease and the girl was then treated by immunoglobulin transfusion.
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PMID:Unusual course of a Chlamydia pneumonia in an infant with IgG2/IgG4-deficiency. 292 Jul 49

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC). The results are summarized as follows. SBTPC was given by oral administration to 2 children in a single dose at 5 mg/kg and to 3 children in a single dose at 10 mg/kg. After the oral administration, mean peak serum levels of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) obtained for the 2 dose levels were 1.91 +/- 1.34 and 2.06 +/- 1.06 micrograms/ml and 2.43 +/- 0.68 and 2.96 +/- 0.77 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively, and mean half-lives were 0.80 +/- 0.10 and 0.98 +/- 0.46 hour and 1.57 +/- 0.57 and 2.01 +/- 0.70 hours, respectively. SBTPC was given to 2 children in a single dose at 15 mg/kg. After oral administration, the mean serum levels of ABPC and SBT at 30 minutes were 6.55 +/- 1.63 and 6.00 +/- 1.00 micrograms/ml, and the mean half-lives were 0.90 +/- 0.13 and 0.82 +/- 0.16 hour. SBTPC was given to 1 child at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. The peak serum levels of ABPC and SBT were 11.3 and 8.64 micrograms/ml, and the half-lives were 0.87 and 0.92 hour. Mean urinary excretion rates of ABPC and SBT were 38.4 +/- 2.7 and 34.6 +/- 4.7%, 43.0 +/- 3.6 and 41.6 +/- 5.8%, 47.7 +/- 5.2 and 51.6 +/- 3.5% in 6 hours and 66.1 and 59.2% in 8 hours after oral administration of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with SBTPC was made in 34 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 2 cases of pharyngitis, 19 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 3 cases of impetigo, 2 cases of staphylococcal skalded skin syndrome, 4 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of pneumonia and scarlet fever. Results obtained were excellent in 20 cases, good in 13 cases and poor in 1 case. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of sultamicillin in pediatric field]. 324 65

Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a combined drug of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) which is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase, in a clinical form of tosylate with equivalent molecules in ester linkages. A tablet form of this combined drug has been released since July, 1987 in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. Hence, the granular form of SBTPC was administered to 6 boys (age: 8 years 5 months-11 years 5 months) to determine plasma and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery-rates. The dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg was given orally just after meal to 3 boys. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 27.1 mg/kg divided 2-4 times a day was administered for 9 days on the average to a total of 57 cases with pharyngitis (5), tonsillitis (5), laryngitis (1), bronchitis (1), pneumonia (8), scarlet fever (1), typhoid fever (1), impetigo (16), furuncle (2), abscess (6), lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (10) except 2 cases which were unevaluable for clinical effects. MICs of 7 drugs (SBTPC, ABPC, SBT, methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalexin and cefaclor) against 12 of 22 strains isolated from patients with infections of skin and soft tissue were determined with inoculum-sizes of 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml to study beta-lactamase producing activities. Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients including dropped-out cases. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of ABPC and SBT were observed at 1 hour after administration in both of the 10 mg/kg and the 15 mg/kg groups with values of 2.34 and 5.57 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 1.87 and 4.66 micrograms/ml for SBT, respectively. Mean concentrations of SBT were lower than those of ABPC in both groups and individuals. Dose-responses in plasma levels and AUCs were observed in both groups. Mean half-life values of ABPC and SBT in the 2 groups were 1.93 and 1.12 hours for ABPC and 1.97 and 1.22 for SBT, respectively. Mean half-life values for ABPC and SBT were similar in each group and this tendency was also seen among individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin granule in the pediatric field]. 324 72

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out regarding the use of cefotiam (CTM) in the treatment of infections in newborn infants. Absorption and excretion: CTM was administered by bolus intravenous injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 9 newborns ranging in age from 1 to 28 days (gestational age, 34-40 weeks; birth weight, 2,000-3,380 g) and 6 infants aged 30 to 87 days (gestational age, 33 approximately 40 weeks; birth weight, 2,100-3,600 g) and its serum concentration and urinary excretion were determined. In the newborns, mean serum concentrations were 43.3 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 36.7 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 27.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 17.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 8.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, and in the infants, they were 44.5 micrograms/ml, 31.2 micrograms/ml, 19.1 micrograms/ml, 7.6 micrograms/ml, 2.2 micrograms/ml and 0.7 micrograms/ml at the above sampling times, respectively. Mean half-lives were 1.92 hours for the newborns and 0.96 hour for the infants, and mean urinary recoveries within 6 hours were 41.2% and 50.1% for the newborns and the infants, respectively. Taking individual differences into account, serum peak levels (at 1/4 hour) in newborns were very similar to each other irrespective of age (days after birth), and did not appear to be greatly different from those in infants. Half-lives, however, became shorter with aging, and the half-life of the serum CTM level in infants of about 1 month old should be close to those in young children or school-age children. From these observations, it is suggested to establish a standard regimen in which CTM is administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg once or twice a day to newborns within 3 days after birth, twice or 3 times a day to those aged 4 to 7 days, and 3 or 4 times a day to those aged 8 days or older. Clinical study: The CTM was administered to 11 patients with acute pneumonia, 2 patients each with suspected septicemia and with bullous impetigo, 1 patient with purulent lymphadenitis, 3 patients with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and 1 patient with pneumothorax, and its clinical effect was investigated. Excellent responses were observed in 12 of the 15 evaluated cases,good responses in 2, and a poor response in 1, thus an overall clinical effectiveness was 93.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study on the use of cefotiam in neonates]. 346 85

Fundamental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 granules were carried out in the pediatric field. BRL 25000 is a formulation comprising 1 part of clavulanic acid (CVA) and 2 parts of amoxicillin (AMPC). The MICs of BRL 25000 and AMPC were assessed against 24 clinically isolated strains of S. aureus (including 23 beta-lactamase producing strains), 22 S. pyogenes, 20 E. coli (8 beta-lactamase producing strains), 24 K. pneumoniae (24 beta-lactamase producing strains), 20 H. influenzae (6 beta-lactamase producing strains). BRL 25000 showed MIC80 (cumulatively 80% of strains were inhibited) at 6.25 micrograms/ml against S. aureus, less than or equal to 0.10 micrograms/ml against inst S. pyogenes, 12.5 micrograms/ml against E. coli, 6.25 micrograms/ml against K. pneumoniae and 0.39 micrograms/ml against H. influenzae. BRL 25000 showed no improvement in MIC terms against beta-lactamase nonproducing strains compared with AMPC. However, BRL 25000 was markedly more effective against beta-lactamase producing strains. Thus BRL 25000 was up to 8 fold more active against S. aureus, 2 to 64 fold against E. coli, 4 to 128 fold against K. pneumoniae, 4 to 16 fold against H. influenzae than AMPC. Following oral administration of BRL 25000 granules (at a dose level of 12.5 mg/kg) to 2 children aged 9 and 11 years, the mean peak serum concentrations of AMPC and CVA were 8.33 +/- 2.43 micrograms/ml and 4.44 +/- 1.65 micrograms/ml respectively 1 hour after dosing. The half-lives of AMPC and CVA were 1.35 +/- 0.42 hours and 0.91 +/- 0.05 hour, respectively. The urinary excretion was 48.21 +/- 3.83% for AMPC and 16.90 +/- 7.06% for CVA in the first 6 hours after administration. In clinical studies, 23 pediatric patients aged 2 months to 12 years with bacterial infections were treated with BRL 25000 granules and the clinical effectiveness, bacteriological response and side effects were evaluated. The clinical response was assessed in 23 cases, 3 with acute rhinitis, 6 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pneumonia, 3 with impetigo, 1 with furunculosis and 1 with periproctal abscess. Results were excellent in 13 cases, good in 7, fair in 3 and hence the efficacy rate (excellent and good cases) was 87.0% (20/23). In particular the clinical response in 9 cases with infections due to beta-lactamase producing organisms was excellent in 6, good in 2, fair in 1 and the efficacy rate was 88.9% (8/9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the pediatric field]. 384 22

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new penicillin for injection, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 29 children with bacterial infection (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. MICs of ASPC to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to 4 out of 13 strains of H. influenzae were higher than 6.25 micrograms/ml. MICs to 5 strains of S. pneumoniae were lower than 0.78 microgram/ml and 1 out of 3 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of E. coli showed higher MICs than 100 micrograms/ml. ASPC was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 21 to 98 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous injection to 29 patients (16 cases of pneumonia, 8 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 1 case of impetigo) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 11 cases, good; 11 cases, fair; 3 cases, poor; 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 85% (Table 3, 4). No clinical side-effects were observed in any of the patients. Leukopenia was noted in 1 case. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was noted in 2 cases, and minimal elevation of GOT was observed in other 2 cases (Table 5). These data suggest that ASPC is an useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infection and may be used as the first choice antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children]. 385 58

Ceftazidime (CAZ), developed by Glaxo U.K., was used in pediatric patients with acute infections, and the following results were obtained. The mean blood concentrations of CAZ in 2 children were 142, 70.3, 46.9, 35.7, 16.2, 5.82 and 2.36 micrograms/ml at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively, after start of 5 minutes' intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg, with the half-life of 1.25 hours. CAZ was administered to 19 pediatric patients with acute infections. Out of them, 15 patients, i.e., 3 with acute tonsillitis, 1 with acute bronchitis, 5 with bronchopneumonia, 2 with pertussis accompanying pneumonia, 2 with Salmonella enteritis, 1 with impetigo staphylogenes and 1 with subdural abscess, were adopted for the evaluation, and the other 4 were excluded from the evaluation because of inadequate indications. The efficacy rate in these 15 cases was 93.3%. The doses used in 14 out of the evaluated 15 cases ranged from 31 to 50 mg/kg/day, the frequency of dosing was twice daily in 8 cases and 3 times daily in 7 cases. One shot intravenous injection was used in 6 cases, intravenous drip infusion in 8, and combination of these, in 1 case. The duration of treatment was 2 days in 3 cases, 3 days in 3, 4 days in 4, and 5 days in 3 cases. Patients with severe infections were generally given large doses for long-term. No clinical adverse event was observed in any case. In laboratory examinations, slight elevation of S-GPT alone was observed in 1 case. From the above results, CAZ was considered to be a highly useful drug in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Clinical study on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics]. 637 51

Five patients with suppurative tonsillitis (1), urinary tract infection (1), staphylococcal impetigo (1), cervical lymphadenitis (1) and mycoplasma pneumonia were treated with cefamandole (CMD). CMD was administered by one shot intravenous or drip infusion at a dosage of 100 approximately 135 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 14 days. Of 5 patients with those infections, excellent response was obtained in 3 patients, good response in 1 patient and unknown response in 1 patient. The overall efficacy rate was 100% except unknown response in mycoplasma pneumonia. In 3 of these 5 cases causative organisms were S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. These organisms were all eliminated. No side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefamandole in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 699 32


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