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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The acute effects of a triolein infusion in dogs were secondary to the mechanical effects of this neutral fat which was distributed in the pulmonary and systemic vascular tree of all organs without inflammatory change. Hypoxia developed immediately and became progressively worse as the infusion was continued. Pulmonary hypertension developed during the fat infusion without pneumonia, congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema. There was a slow leak of 14C triolein into the systemic circulation rather than a rapid shower, and this radioactive fat was recirculated between the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. Seventy-six per cent of the 14C triolein was retained in the lungs. Terminally, the dogs had a respiratory arrest without cardiac decompensation, cardiac arrest or pulmonary edema; cerebral fat embolism in addition to severe hypoxia appears to be the cause.
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PMID:Effects and distribution of acute fat embolism in spontaneously breathing dogs using radioactive carbon triolein. 24 Feb 11

In the absence of clinical and X-ray signs of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic pneumonia, partial rheography of the lungs revealed symptoms of increased vascular resistance in some pulmonary zones and ventilation disorders with the corresponding discordance of the ventilation-perfusion relations in the early stages, which progressed with the intensification of the stage of chronic pneumonia and the severity of pulmonary hypertension. A decrease in ventilation and perfusion in the pulmonary zones as well as a decrease of the ventilation/blood flow ratio may promote the development of zonal arterial hypoxemia, stable increase of vascular resistance, and development of pulmonary hypertension. The method of zonal rheography of the lungs may be used in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of a method of partial pulmonary rheography in pulmonary hypertension]. 37 Apr 37

Study of the ultrastructure of the microcirculation tract in patients suffering from chronic pneumonia with bronchiectasis and abscess formation revealed involvement of all parts of the pulmonary and pleural microcirculation system, including intra-and extravascular disorders and changes in the vascular wall. Combination of rheological disorders and dyscoagulation in the microvessels with stable increase in vascular permeability and changes in the components of the aerohematic barrier leads to disturbances of metabolic and hemodynamic homeostasis in the lungs, advancement of the suppurative process, and increase of pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:[Ultrastructure of the microcirculatory pathways of the lungs in chronic penumonia]. 42 25

A group of 206 patients with the main forms of chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs (chronic bronchitis, chronic pneumonia, and bronchiectasis--local and diffuse) was studied. The condition of pulmonary ventilation, bronchial patency, and hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation were analysed. Comparison of the data obtained in different groups of patients made it possible to determine the main peculiarities of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and formation of cor pulmonale.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and the formation of cor pulmonale in the basic forms of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. 42 33

Dogs exposed by inhalation to an aerosol of fused aluminosilicate particles containing the radionuclide yttrium 90 developed radiation pneumonitis. The aerosol had a mean aerodynamic diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mu with a sigma(g) of 1.6 to 1.9. The 36 dogs included in this report received initial lung burdens of 590 to 5200 muCi (90)Y/kg body weight and died at 7.5 to 237 days after exposure with total cumulative radiation doses to lung of 9300 to 70,000 rads. Vascular lesions in the lungs were marked. Early changes included edema of vessel walls with leukocytic infiltration, dilation of perivascular lymphatic channels, and occasional periarterial lymphangiectasia. Splitting and reduplication of the elastica were occasionally visible. The most striking inflammatory vascular changes were vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis, which involved bronchial and pulmonary vessels at some-what different times. Such lesions were often segmental and included fibrinoid necrosis and a variable leukocytic infiltrate in and around the actively involved lesions. Vasculitis was most commonly seen in small muscular arterioles, but veins and venules also occasionally exhibited similar inflammatory lesions. Progressive vascular inflammation led to extensive intimal proliferative lesions and fibromuscular hypertrophy with eventual fibrous accumulation around blood vessels, obliterative intimal and medial thickening, and luminal narrowing. Such changes eventually formed the morphologic basis for increased pulmonary vascular resistance and the development of cardiac dilation and hypertrophy reflecting pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:The pulmonary vascular pathology of experimental radiation pneumonitis. 88 11

Rheopneumographic examinations were conducted in 54 patients with chronic pneumonia (stage I and II pulmonary insufficiency) prior to and following exercise tests. It was demonstrated that in normal individuals physical exercises cause a compensatory increase of the pulmonary blood flow without elevating the pressure in the pulmonary circulation system. The progression of pulmonary insufficiency is accompanied by a reduction of the adaptation capacity of the heart, of the pulmonary vessels, by an increase of pulmonary hypertension, and impairment of the contractile function of the right ventricular myocardium. The severity of changes in the pulmonary system haemodynamics, as shown by rheopneumography, correlates with the disorders in the oxygen regimen (oxygen consumption and oxygen pulse).
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PMID:[Characteristics of hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in chronic pneumonia according to ergometric data]. 89 3

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is a rare and usually fatal condition in which there is gradual obliteration of the pulmonary veins and venules. Without a lung biopsy the clinical diagnosis of this disease is difficult. If there is pulmonary hypertension with roentgenographic signs of pulmonary edema and of congestion in the absence of signs of increased left atrial pressure, the diagnosis must be considered. The morphologic picture of the lungs is characteristic. The small veins, and sometimes also the major veins, are narrowed or occluded by fibrous tissue, almost certainly on the basis of organized thrombi. Nodular areas of congestion, interstitial fibrosis, and pneumonitis are regularly present. A viral etiology has been suggested in a number of cases. If we may assume, however, that thrombosis of pulmonary veins is the initial event, the possibility has to be considered that this may be elicited by a virus in some patients and by toxic factors or by clotting disorders in others. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease might then well be a syndrome rather than an etiologic entity.
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PMID:Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Entity or syndrome? 124 94

Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection is an important cause of neonatal pneumonia and sepsis. GBS infection is frequently associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. To better understand the early pulmonary hypertension phase of GBS-induced acute lung injury in a conscious animal, we characterized the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic response of spontaneously breathing, chronically instrumented newborn lambs to injections of heat-killed type Ib GBS, 0.1-9.0 x 10(9) colony forming units. Heat-killed GBS caused marked dose-dependent increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance, 190 and 370% at the maximum dose, respectively. Similarly, GBS caused dose-dependent increases in mean systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance (28.5 and 108% at the maximum dose, respectively) and a decrease in cardiac output (33.5%). Arterial oxygen tension worsened at the higher doses. GBS-induced pulmonary hypertension was decreased by two structurally unrelated, putative leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists. Pretreatment with LY171883 blocked GBS-induced pulmonary hypertension by 95%, and WY48,252 attenuated this effect by 27%. Both drugs completely blocked the hemodynamic effects of exogenous leukotriene D4. For comparison, several lambs received bolus injections of live GBS, either alone or after pretreatment with LY171883. The hemodynamic response to live GBS and attenuation of that response by LY171883 were similar to those caused by similar doses of heat-killed GBS. Thus, bolus injections of heat-killed GBS provide a reproducible model of pulmonary hypertension in conscious newborn lambs. In addition, the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes appear to be important mediators of GBS-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn lambs.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of heat-killed group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus in newborn lambs: role of leukotriene D4. 131 29

Increased pulmonary arterial pressures as a result of pulmonary disease are described in two cows with chronic pneumonia and one cow with acute pneumonia. Based on clinical signs of congestive right heart failure, increased pulmonary arterial pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy, cor pulmonale was diagnosed in one cow. Two cows had increased pulmonary arterial pressure and signs of right heart insufficiency, but right ventricular hypertrophy was not identified. Two of the cows had ventral edema and exercise intolerance. All cows had jugular venous distention and increased right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures. Peripheral arterial PaO2 was decreased in two cows, and not measured in the third cow. Although an uncommon cause of congestive heart failure in cattle at low altitudes, pulmonary hypertension should be considered in cattle with clinical right heart failure.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insufficiency in three cows with primary lung disease. 138 97

Pulmonary involvement in scleroderma is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Although bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) may be associated with a variety of connective tissue diseases and their treatment, there are only rare reports of bronchiolitis associated with scleroderma. We describe 2 patients with scleroderma and rapidly evolving pulmonary infiltrates, which upon biopsy showed histologic findings of BOOP. Each patient had severe restrictive lung disease and markedly diminished diffusion capacity. Treatment with high dose prednisone showed a good response in one patient. The rapid course of pulmonary findings in these patients differs from the usual course of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Although BOOP is a rare finding in scleroderma, our findings suggest that rapid pulmonary decompensation or atypical findings for pulmonary fibrosis should prompt consideration for an open lung biopsy. Finding a potentially steroid responsive disorder in an otherwise steroid unresponsive disorder has important clinical implications.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and scleroderma. 151 74


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