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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human embryonic lung (MRC-5), feline embryo (FEA), mink lung (Mv1Lu) and monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus showed characteristic morphological changes when viewed by scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells developed a profusion of slender filaments after 48 h incubation at 31 degrees C. Similar changes in surface morphology were observed in BSC-1 cells infected by murine pneumonia virus. Filament production therefore appears to be a common property of pneumo-viruses. Filaments were not observed in cells infected with either syncytial and non-syncytial herpes simplex virus, the cytocidal vesicular stomatitis and Batai (Bunyaviridae) viruses, or the focus-inducing rabbit fibroma virus. Filament production was not observed in cells infected with ts mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus during incubation at the restrictive temperature, or in a persistently infected culture of BSC-1 cells at 37 degrees C. The persistently infected cells (the RS ts 1/BSC-1 line) had some of the characteristics of cells transformed by oncogenic viruses, namely ability to overlap adjacent cells and agglutination by a low concentration of concanavalin A. The pseudo-transformed phenotype was temperature-dependent, however, and suppressed by raising the temperature of incubation to 39 degrees C. The presence of virus antigen at the cell surface was similarly temperature-dependent in these cells, diminished at high temperature (39 degrees C) and enhanced at low temperature (31 degrees C), suggesting that the changes in the host cell were the result of insertion of virus protein into the cell membrane. Evidently, persistent infection by a cytoplasmic virus can produce alterations in the host cell usually associated with transformation by nuclear viruses.
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PMID:Pneumoviruses: the cell surface of lytically and persistently infected cells. 11 36

A rapidly developing outbreak of pneumonia in young infants was documented in two isolated Artic populations in May 1972. These were studied virologically, serologically and clinically. In addition to the two stricken communities, one apparently unaffected with serious clinical illness and a fourth, in which are located the major hospital and airport in the eastern Arctic, were also studied. One hundred and twenty-four patients were studied serologically and 81 respiratory and other specimens were obtained for virus isolation from 40 of these patients. Clinical records were kept of the outbreak in each area and a detailed questionnaire was filled out for 140 children and their families. Respiratory syncytial irus (RSV) was cultured from eight ill children. Electron microscopy provided the first evidence of RSV infection. A seroconversion rate of approximately 50% was seen in both affected communities as well as in the clinically unaffected one. The epidemic in the first two communities was characterized by severe pneumonia and frequent hospitalization but no cases of bronchiolitis were seen. No evidence for other causes of this outbreak could be obtained by testing for antibodies to influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, adenovirus and herpes simplex viruses. Unusual features of this epidemic of RSV infection include the high attack rate, severe morbidity, illness manifest almost exclusively as pneumonia rather than bronchiolitis and the difference between the expression of disease in different communities. Historical data and clinical observations were inadequate to explain these unusual features.
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PMID:An outbreak of severe pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus in isolated Arctic populations. 16 74

A 61 year old woman died of diffuse interstitial adenovirus pneumonia 55 days after receiving a cadaveric renal allograft. The adenovirus was serologically distinct from the 33 known human adenovirus serotypes and appears to represent a new human adenovirus. Pathologic and virological findings indicate that the pneumonia was only one manifestation of a disseminated infection, the source of which may have been a latent adenovirus infection preexisting in the donor kidney. The establishment of the etiologic diagnosis in this case, which was complicated by the presence of oculocutaneous and esophageal herpes simplex virus infection as well as focal pulmonary aspergillosis, required coordinated histopathologic and virological investigation. Our findings demonstrate that severe viral infections in transplant recipients are not caused exclusively by members of the herpesvirus group.
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PMID:Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in a renal transplant recipient. 17 Aug 22

Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%, 24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (+/- 1.5) months (except in one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia, pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may be related to hepatitis; and 12-30 months after transplant, it may be related to retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and immunosuppression. 17 15

Six patients with severe herpesvirus infections were successfully treated with vidarabine. One patient had a previously undescribed syndrome of chronic cutaneous varicella infection of eight months' duration, associated with transient but complete duppression of lymphocyte response to conconavalin A. Other diagnoses were severe varicella pneumonia, progressive cytomegalovirus pneumonia associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia, herpes simplex encephalitis, severe zoster associated with stage IV lymphoma, and disseminated herpes simplex in a patient receiving high doses of steroids. All patients showed cessation of new lesions or abrupt clinical improvement between days 2 and 4 after initiation of therapy, and all were cured of their clinical infection. Dramatic improvement in all of our patients and the minimal toxicity observed make vidarabine suitable for use in severe herpesvirus infections.
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PMID:Vidarabine therapy for severe herpesvirus infections. An unusual syndrome of chronic varicella and transient immunologic deficiency. 17 76

A case of influenza pneumonia is described in which death occurred from persistence of the influenza infection and suprainfection with two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and another virus, Herpes simplex. Of additional interest were the observations that this overwhelming illness developed in a previously healthy person, that typical influenza virus particles were present in antemortem lung tissue, and that the patient died despite 6 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and corticosteroids.
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PMID:Fatal case of influenza pneumonia with suprainfection by multiple bacteria and Herpes simplex virus. 17 58

401 cases of viral pneumonia diagnosed between January 1973 and August 1975 were investigated serologically by the complement-fixation test. The percentage distribution of the responsible pathogenic organism in this series of cases was as follows: influenza virus A 45.9%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae 19.5%, Coxsackie B viruses 9.2%, cytomegalovirus 7.5% and Chlamydia psittaci 8.5%. The remaining 9.4% cases were caused by adeno, parainfluenza, measles, influenza B, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. Influenza virus was found mainly in elderly people (mean age 58.4 years), whilst pneumonia due to Mycoplasma occurred mainly in young adults (mean age 24.4 years). Infections with Coxsackie B viruses were almost entirely restriced to the warmer months; by contrast, the influenza virus was usually found in epidemic form and only during a few weeks in winter.
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PMID:[Aetiological studies on viral pneumonia (author's transl)]. 18 13

Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was used for treatment of severe symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV)-herpes infections that were seen in nineteen of 174 renal allograft recipients. Ara-C was administered by continuous intravenous infusion at a mean dose of 35 mg/m2 daily for three to four days. Side effects were few and minor in nature. All cases of herpes simplex and herpes zoster, which usually have a prolonged and sometimes unfavorable course in immunosuppressed patients, cleared promptly with no recurrence. All nine patients, except one who had CMV infection with the symptom complex of fever and retinitis or pneumonitis, responded satisfactorily. In the three patients in whom the CMV titers were available, there was a significant decrease in titer within two weeks after treatment. This pilot study of Ara-C in treatment of CMV-herpes infections in immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients suggests a degree of efficacy and safety in the drug that would justify a carefully designed, controlled study.
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PMID:Effect of cytosine arabinoside on Herpes virus infection in renal allograft recipients. 19 96

The staining of viral antigens present in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by fluorescent antibodies is markedly enhanced by trypsin digestion. When the trypsin digestion method was used to detect viral antigens present in hamster brain following experimental infection with measles virus, the results were comparable to those obtained with acetone-fixed, freshly frozen tissues that had been sectioned with a cryostat. Measles antigens were readily identified in brain cells from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and in lung and liver tissue from a patient with acute giant cell pneumonia, following preparation of the tissues for routine histologic examination. Viral antigens were detected in brain tissue that had been taken from patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and stored in paraffin for up to 15 years. Cells containing antigen could be precisely identified without loss of histologic detail by restaining the same tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin.
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PMID:Enhancement of fluorescent antibody staining of viral antigens in formalin-fixed tissues by trypsin digestion. 23 Oct 70

In attempts to reactivate latent herpes simplex virus, we instilled Diplococcus pneumoniae intratracheally into mice harboring latent infections in sacrosciatic spinal ganglia. All mice developed a severe pneumonia within 24 h and were given penicillin therapy. Representative mice that survived the penumonia were sacrificed at daily intervals, and appropriate tissues were examined for evidence of viral reactivation. Herpes simplex virus was reactivated in the ganglia and appeared to travel both proximally and distally in associated nerve trunks. Clinically apparent disease due to the virus was not detected in any mice.
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PMID:Reactivation of latent Herpes simplex virus after pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. 23 90


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