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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine cases of the combination of coarctation of the aorta and mitral stenosis were evaluated over a seven-year period. Symptoms did not usually cause distress in infancy, but began subtly with pneumonia or cardiac failure at about 2 years of age. Important clues were differences in blood pressure between the arms and legs, paroxysmal dyspnea, congestive heart failure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and left atrial enlargement. Cardiac catheterization studies showed elevated right ventricular and main pulmonary artery wedge pressures. These features in patients with coarctation of the aorta should suggest associated mitral valve disease. The importance of demonstrating associated valvular lesions, particularly mitral stenosis, is emphasized. Two of our children had successful repair of the coarctation of the aorta and mitral stenosis simultaneously. In a third child, resection of the coarctation was followed in six years by mitral valve replacement.
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PMID:Associated coarctation of the aorta and mitral valve disease: nine cases with surgical correction of both lesions in three. 12 22

Clinical studies have long suggested the presence of a specific cardiomyopathy in sickle cell anemia secondary to intracoronary thrombosis and subsequent infarction. Fifty-two autopsy patients were studied (48 with SS hemoglobin, 4 with S-C or S-Thal hemoglobin) to ascertain the range of cardiac pathologic abnormalities associated with this disease. The average age was 17 years (range 1 month to 48 years). Renal failure and infection were the most common causes of death; the former was a more common cause in adults than in children. Right and left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation were the most common abnormal pathologic findings. No evidence of recent or remote myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis or arteritis was noted in any patient. Eight patients who were studied with postmortem coronary arteriograms exhibited markedly increased coronary arterial caliber with no evidence of atherosclerosis. Seventeen of the 52 patients studied had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure before death. Of these 17 patients, 7 had moderate to severe left ventricular hypertrophy associated with chronic renal failure and hypertension, 2 had right ventricular hypertrophy with organized pulmonary thrombosis, 2 had rheumatic mitral valve disease and 2 died during the second trimester of pregnancy. Two of the 17 patients thought to have pulmonary edema before death in fact had aspiration pneumonia and hemorrhagic pneumonitis, respectively. The data suggest that cardiac dysfunction in sickle cell anemia can usually be explained by the adverse effect of coexisting disease on the diminished cardiac reserve of chronic anemia. The data do not support the concept of a specific "sickle cell cardiomyopathy".
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PMID:Clinicopathologic analysis of cardiac dysfunction in 52 patients with sickle cell anemia. 15 Jul 86

Management of symptomatic atrioventricular canal (AVC) in infancy may be difficult. Between July, 1969, and September, 1977, 31 infants with complete AVC presented in congestive heart failure (CHF) to the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Fifteen of these patients have responded to medical management and have been followed as outpatients. The other 16 patients remained in CHF. Six of them died of persistent heart failure within 4 months. The other 10 infants, aged 3 weeks to 1 year (mean 4 months), underwent pulmonary artery banding and seven survived operation. One of the survivors died with apparent pneumonia 1 month postoperatively. Each of the remaining six patients, who have been followed for 9 months to 9 years, had minimal mitral insufficiency and a large ventricular shunt. The three patients dying after banding had significant mitral insufficiency. We believe that pulmonary artery banding is an effective palliative procedure for infants with complete AVC and CHF who have large ventricular shunts and minimal mitral insufficiency.
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PMID:Pulmonary artery banding in infants with complete atrioventricular canal. 15 89

The acute effects of a triolein infusion in dogs were secondary to the mechanical effects of this neutral fat which was distributed in the pulmonary and systemic vascular tree of all organs without inflammatory change. Hypoxia developed immediately and became progressively worse as the infusion was continued. Pulmonary hypertension developed during the fat infusion without pneumonia, congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema. There was a slow leak of 14C triolein into the systemic circulation rather than a rapid shower, and this radioactive fat was recirculated between the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. Seventy-six per cent of the 14C triolein was retained in the lungs. Terminally, the dogs had a respiratory arrest without cardiac decompensation, cardiac arrest or pulmonary edema; cerebral fat embolism in addition to severe hypoxia appears to be the cause.
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PMID:Effects and distribution of acute fat embolism in spontaneously breathing dogs using radioactive carbon triolein. 24 Feb 11

Although a common cause of infection in animals, group C streptococci are rarely noted to be pathogenic in man. A total of 150,000 blood cultures obtained at the Mayo Clinic from 1968 to 1977 revealed group C streptococci in only eight patients. Acute bacterial endocarditis, meningitis, pheumonia, cellulitis and bacteremia due to group C streptococci are described in a host who had undergone immunosuppression (immunosuppressed host), and the relatively few cases previously reported are reviewed. Although severe, these infections may respond favorably to penicillin therapy. Endocarditis caused by group D streptococci is acute and destructive, and associated with early cardiac decompensation. The manifestations of cellulitis and pneumonia are similar to those when group A streptococci are causative organisms. Meningitis due to group C streptococci is acute and severe, and responds slowly to antimicrobial therapy. Colonization also occurs.
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PMID:Infections due to group C streptococci in man. 43 51

We report on six patients in whom hypothermia secondary to acute illnesses, including pneumonia, congestive heart failure, renal failure, drug overdose, and hypoglycemia, developed. Complications that occurred were metabolic acidosis in six patients, altered sensorium in five, bradyarrhythmia in three, and hyperamylasemia in two. All patients failed to demonstrate a shivering response and represent cases of acute thermoregulatory failure. Five of the six patients survived. In the course of treatment, the choice of active or passive rewarming should be based on whether or not normal thermoregulatory mechanisms are intact.
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PMID:Thermoregulatory failure secondary to acute illness: complications and treatment. 43 95

Acute massive right-sided hydrothorax is a relatively rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis and may be responsible for the development of dyspnea during peritoneal dialysis. The pleural fluid appears to arise from the peritoneal dialyzate based on the time of its appearance and its chemical composition. It should be included in the differential diagnosis when a patient becomes dyspneic during peritoneal dialysis along with exaccerbation of congestive heart failure, pneumonia, atelectasis, and purulent bronchitis. Its occurrence is an indication to stop the peritoneal dialysis and contraindicates further use of this form of dialysis. Treatment may be conservative or aggressive (thoracentesis) depending on the clinical condition of the patient. Etiology is poorly understood. In some cases, there may be traumatic diaphragmatic fenestrations, but the majority of cases appear to be due to less well defined communications between the peritoneal and pleural spaces.
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PMID:Acute massive hydrothorax complicating peritoneal dialysis, report of 2 cases and a review of the literature. 47 54

One hundred ninety-one unselected fluid specimens submitted routinely for cytologic examination were assayed to determine whether the measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in pleural effusions is useful in detecting malignancy. The mean +/- SD CEA level of 103 benign effusions was 4.1 +/- 2.9 ng/ml. Only one benign effusion had a level greater than 12 ng/ml (18 ng/ml). Benign inflammatory effusions (pneumonia, empyema) had a higher mean CEA activity (6.2 +/- 3.4) than effusions caused by congestive heart failure (2.9 +/- 1.5) (p less than 0.001). Twenty-four (34%) of 70 malignant effusions had a CEA level greater than 12 ng/ml, and 28 (40%) were "positive" by cytologic study. Thirty-eight (54%) were detected by one or both methods. Ten malignant effusions were positive by CEA (greater than 12 ng/ml) alone. These data suggest that the determination of CEA activity levels, when used in conjunction with other clinical findings, may be useful in detecting malignant pleural effusions.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in benign and malignant pleural effusions. 64 46

The chest radiographs of 24 patients with documented Legionnaires' disease were evaluated. Twenty-two of the 24 patients had positive findings for the disease initially. There was unilateral involvement in 68% and the most common lung shadows were poorly marginated round opacities (46%), diffuse patchy (25%) and peripheral opacities (21%). At peak, 70% of patients had a lobar shadow. Pleural effusions were present in 39% of cases but could be explained by underlying congestive heart failure or renal failure in 7 of the 9. Although the findings are not specific, the radiologist should consider this diagnosis in a patient with compatible clinical history, a pneumonia of obscure etiology, and these radiographic manifestations.
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PMID:The chest radiograph in legionnaires' disease. 66 40

Three patients demonstrated twofold to threefold changes in total-body theophylline clearance during the course of a single hospitalization for an acute illness. These changes paralleled the changes in the patients' clinical status. Theophylline clearance decreased in one patient with worsening airway obstruction, whereas clearance increased in one patient with resolving pneumonia and in one patient with improving congestive heart failure. Total-body theophylline clearance may be unstable in acute, severe illness. Close monitoring of plasma theophylline concentration in such situations will allow appropriate dose adjustments to be made and is, therefore, indicated.
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PMID:Changes in theophylline clearance during acute illness. 69 Nov 99


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