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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver dysfunction in patients with measles infection is reported commonly in European and American literatures, but those in Japan are relatively rare. We observed the abnormal elevation of serum transaminase in 17 of 18 juvenile patients with measles from December 1989 to February 1990, however severe complications such as pneumonia or meningitis were not observed. A diagnosis of measles was made by typical clinical symptoms and the elevation of IgM antibody against measles (EIA method). Ninety four percent of the patients showed the elevation of serum transaminase, (GOT 118.6 +/- 96.2 IU/l, GPT 161.5 +/- 167.6 IU/l), and all patients recovered completely in 30.5 +/- 12.8 days after the onset. The abnormal evaluation of serum LDH was seen in 94% of the patients, (mean value was 872.2 +/- 216.2 IU/l). LDH4 mainly elevated in most cases, however, LDH5 elevated only in 4 cases. The intensity of liver dysfunction did not correlate to the severity of measles in the present cases. It is considered to be characteristic to the patients with measles that the serum level of LDH is markedly high as compared with that of transaminase.
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PMID:[A clinical study on liver dysfunction in patients with acute measles infection]. 191 4

Respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. Adults who are immunocompromised, aged, institutionalized, and/or have underlying medical diseases may be at risk for severe RSV infection. Intubated adults in an MICU were evaluated for evidence of RSV infection. Respiratory secretions were analyzed by cell culture and RSV EIA. Serologic testing was obtained. Respiratory secretions from MICU personnel with acute respiratory symptoms and patients admitted for pneumonia, asthma, or COPD also were screened. Five of 11 intubated patients had evidence of RSV infection. One of seven MICU employees and four of 48 ward patients had RSV-positive respiratory secretions. During community outbreaks of RSV infection, adults admitted to an MICU already may be infected with RSV; those admitted for other reasons are at risk for nosocomial infection. Patients occupying other hospital units and personnel may be instrumental in the nosocomial dissemination of RSV.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus infection among intubated adults in a university medical intensive care unit. 193 97

In a prospective study of 249 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, three tests for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in sputum were compared: a coagglutination test for detecting capsular antigens (Cap-CoA), a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (PnC-EIA) and a coagglutination test (PnC-CoA), both the latter detecting the pneumococcal C-polysaccharide common to all pneumococcal types. Sixty-three patients had culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia, 45 pneumonia caused by other bacteria and 141 pneumonia of viral or unknown etiology. The sensitivity of Cap-CoA (63%) and PnC-CoA (65%) was somewhat higher than that of PnC-EIA (49%), but not significantly so. The specificity was 96-98% for all three methods. Using PnC-CoA 66 patients with possible pneumococcal infection were detected, the diagnosis being verified by culture in 41. Using Cap-CoA 59 such patients were detected, the diagnosis being verified in 40, and using the PnC-EIA 47 such patients were detected, the diagnosis being verified in 31. Antigen was found almost as often in non-purulent as in purulent samples, and as often in washed as in non-washed purulent samples. However, antibiotic treatment before the sputum sample was obtained resulted in significantly lower sensitivity of both PnC-CoA and Cap-CoA. This study confirms the high sensitivity and specificity of methods for pneumococcal antigen detection in sputum. Since CoA is easier and quicker to perform, and cheaper than the EIA, either PnC-CoA or Cap-CoA would seem to be the technique of choice for detection of pneumococcal antigen, whereby all sputum samples, including non-purulent samples, can be used.
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PMID:Comparison of three methods for detection of pneumococcal antigen in sputum of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. 251 95

The possibility of detecting P. aeruginosa antibodies in patients by means of indirect solid-phase EIA techniques is shown. This assay is carried out with the use of reagents produced in the USSR: polystyrene assay plates manufactured by the Lenigrad Medpolymer Works are used as carriers, P. aeruginosa vaccine (pyoimmunogen) obtained under semi-industrial conditions at the Mechnikov Central Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera is used as antigenic complex and the commercial preparation produced by the Gamaleia Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology serves as conjugate. The studies have revealed that in 95% of cases the level of antibodies in the sera of patients with acute destructive pneumonia accompanied by pleural empyema, abscesses of internal organs and acute hematogenic osteomyelitis is essentially higher than the level of "normal" antibodies in healthy donors from whom biologically confirmed P. aeruginosa cultures can be isolated. In the groups of patients with similar nosological forms of diseases caused by other infective agents such difference in antibody titers is not detected. These results suggest that the detection of antibodies to P. aeruginosa in patients' sera by means of EIA can be used as an additional test for the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa infections.
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PMID:[Possible diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by an immunoenzyme method using pyoimmunogen as the antigen]. 313 44

The major findings and conclusions of the present study are: 1. Evidence of the etiology of the pneumonia was established in 86% of 106 young men with pneumonia. Pneumococcus was the most common etiologic agent; it was detected definitely in 30% of the pneumonia patients, and possibly in another 20%, by blood culture, sputum culture, antigen detection, and serological methods. 2. Pneumococcal antigen detection from purulent pretreatment sputum samples was the best rapid diagnostic method for pneumococcus; it was capable of identifying 90% of the pneumococcal pneumonias definite by our criteria, whereas sputum Gram stain was positive in 65% of these. 3. Detection of adenoviral antigens from nasopharyngeal specimens (NPS) by EIA or IF method or adenovirus DNA by HYB method showed good specificity but a somewhat lower sensitivity than did adenovirus isolation from NPS. 4. Adenovirus antigens and DNA can be demonstrated also from sputum specimens. 5. EIA is slightly superior to the CF method in detecting antibody responses to adenovirus, but the detection of different antibody classes offers no additional diagnostic possibilities. 6. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from bronchoalveolar fluid in pneumonia patients is a specific and sensitive method in the diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia. 7. It seems possible to differentiate by clinical signs and symptoms and by high CRP (over 85mg/1) and WBC (over 10 x 10(9)/1) values pneumococcal pneumonias from viral, mycoplasmal and mixed pneumonias and from upper respiratory infections. Moderately elevated CRP values were observed in adenoviral (Mean 50 mg/1) and in mycoplasma (mean 59 mg/l) pneumonias, as well as in MRI (mean 44 mg/l).
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PMID:Rapid etiological diagnosis of pneumonia in young men. 318 95

During the one year period from February 1986 to January 1987, 839 pregnant women were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the uterine cervical canal by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Chlamydiazyme) method. Out of 768 normal pregnant women positive results were obtained in 21 women for a positive rate of 2.7%. In none of 64 women with spontaneous abortion or 7 women with stillbirth were positive results obtained. In 20 of EIA positive women labor was controlled. Extraordinary maternal abnormalities were not seen through labor and puerperium. Out of 21 babies born to these 20 pregnant women, chlamydial pneumonitis developed in 2 babies (10%) and chlamydial conjunctivitis in 1 baby (5%) and these babies were treated. Urethral samples were taken from 16 husbands of EIA positive women, and they were all EIA negative. As to the correlation between EIA and the culture method using HeLa 229 cells, the consistency rate was 78% (n = 18) for positive results and 100% (n = 66) for negative results. Chlamydial IgG antibodies were assayed in 19 out of 21 cases, and all of them yielded positive results. From these results, the importance of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in our country was affirmed.
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PMID:[Detection of perinatal Chlamydia trachomatis infection by an enzyme immunoassay method]. 328 Jul 10

Respiratory secretions for viral diagnosis are often collected with nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, although many laboratories recommend NP aspirates or washings. We compared results using NP washings and NP swabs in three diagnostic RSV tests, a rapid RSV EIA antigen test (Abbott Laboratories), an indirect fluorescent antibody test (FAT) with rabbit antiserum, and virus culture (HEp-2 cells). Paired samples were collected from 121 children with suspected RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia. A minitip swap was passed into the nasopharynx for 10 sec, rotated and withdrawn. The opposite nares was irrigated with approximately 1 ml of saline and aspirated using a syringe and plastic feeding tube. Fifty-one children (42%) grew RSV in culture, 49 from NP washings versus 27 from NP swabs (p less than 0.001). Fifty-three (44%) were positive by FAT, 52 from NP washings versus 12 from NP swabs (p less than 0.001). Fifty-eight children (48%) had positive RSV EIA tests, 57 from NP washings versus 35 from NP swabs (p less than 0.001). Detection by EIA was more sensitive than culture regardless of the method of specimen collection. We conclude that NP washings are superior to NP swabs for RSV culture and rapid diagnosis by EIA or FAT.
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PMID:Comparison of nasopharyngeal washings and swab specimens for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus by EIA, FAT, and cell culture. 332 55

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular parasite responsible for many clinical syndromes, including neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia. The gold standard of diagnosis has been isolation in cell culture. However, this requires days of processing. Several rapid diagnostic tests are available. Giemsa staining of conjunctival smears, enzyme immunoassay, and the fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody test. Both the EIA and the FA tests show promise as ideal rapid diagnostic tests. Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis must focus upon the eradication of nasopharyngeal carriage as well as cure of ophthalmic symptoms. The need for nasopharyngeal eradication is underscored by the fact that it is the source for chlamydial pneumonia as well as for conjunctival re-infection. Clinical studies have shown that oral erythromycin estolate or ethylsuccinate suspension 50 mg/kg/day twice-daily or four times a day for 14 to 21 days are the therapeutic regimens of choice. Neonatal ocular prophylaxis is currently under study. One per cent silver nitrate does not prevent chlamydial conjunctivitis but preliminary studies do show favorable results with topical erythromycin. Nevertheless, neither 1 per cent silver nitrate nor topical erythromycin eradicate nasopharyngeal carriage, elimination of which is necessary for the prevention of neonatal chlamydial pneumonia.
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PMID:Diagnostic methods for Chlamydia trachomatis disease in neonates. 350 62

Community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is a common disease which is usually diagnosed by serological methods. The objective of the present study was to understand the diagnostic significance and test characteristics of two different serological tests used to identify current Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Three hundred sixty-six patients who suffered from community-acquired pneumonia served as the study population. Six hundred ninety-four (328 paired and 38 unpaired) sera were examined for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae with commercial kits based on two serological methods, microparticle agglutination and antibody-capture EIA. Agreement between the two kits was 85.2% when individual sera were compared (kappa = 0.62) and 88.5% when patients were compared (Kappa = 0.69). The positive predictive value and the specificity for the identification of current Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection using a single acute-phase serum were 49.3% and 86.9%, respectively, for the microparticle agglutination method, compared to 91.3% and 97.7% for the antibody-capture EIA method (p < 0.001). The negative predictive value and the sensitivity were 86.3% and 48.1% for the microparticle agglutination, not significantly different from the corresponding values of 86.5% and 61.2% for the antibody-capture EIA. It is concluded that the overall agreement between the two methods tested is good, but not perfect. The methods complement each other in the identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the causative agent in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
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PMID:Microparticle agglutination versus antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of community-acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. 758 41

A detection system for Legionella DNA in urine samples based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed and tested on infected guinea pigs and patients suffering from pneumonia. Results were compared with standard methods for diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. A primer system was selected which amplifies a 108 bp DNA fragment of the 5S rRNA gene. The sensitivity of the PCR system was one femtogram of extracted Legionella DNA. Three methods were tested for pretreatment of urine samples. Of these, the Geneclean II kit (Bio 101, USA) gave the best results for artificially contaminated urine samples as well as those from infected guinea pigs or patients. Thirty-seven urine samples from 15 guinea pigs intraperitoneally infected with either Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, 3 and 6 or Legionella micdadei, 26 urine samples of 21 patients suffering from pneumonia, and 30 control samples of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) were tested. Legionella DNA was detected in 29 of the guinea pig urine samples; whereas, urinary antigen detection using EIA was positive in only 20 of the samples. PCR was also positive in the samples of 11 patients with pneumonia, 9 of which were confirmed by other microbiological methods, such as culture, direct fluorescent antibody test, urinary antigen detection and antibody testing. However, of the 30 control samples from patients with UTI, three samples yielded positive results. The results demonstrate that Legionella DNA is excreted in the urine of infected individuals and that the PCR shows a higher degree of sensitivity than EIA to the detection of soluble Legionella antigen in urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of Legionella DNA in human and guinea pig urine samples by the polymerase chain reaction. 772 49


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