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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiple myeloma is associated with a susceptibility to bacterial infections, specifically for encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, severe bacterial infection as the initial presentation of this disease has been rarely reported. The most common presenting features are anemia, lytic lesions, hypercalcemia, and renal failure. We report two cases of pneumococcal bacteremia as the initial manifestation of an underlying multiple myeloma. The first case is of a 68-year-old woman with pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia, presenting with a white blood cell count of 900/microL and mild anemia. Further work-up disclosed monoclonal IgG kappa and 50% plasma cells in bone marrow. Her course was complicated by acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. The second patient is a 57-year-old man presenting with acute pneumococcal meningitis and bacteremia. Due to prior bacterial epiglottitis, further work-up disclosed IgG lambda monoclonal spike and 40% plasma cells in bone marrow. Both cases responded to antibiotic therapy without complications. These two cases add to the few patients described in the literature with pneumococcemia as the first sign of multiple myeloma. Features that were common in most of these cases, and that should lead to a suspicion of myeloma in an otherwise asymptomatic patient, are S. pneumoniae bacteremia, leukopenia, mild anemia, history of prior bacterial infections, and indirect evidence of a paraproteinemia, such as increased total protein levels with low albumin.
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PMID:Pneumococcemia as the presenting feature of multiple myeloma. 1549 48

After almost a decade since the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines in Chile (in a 2-4-6 month schedule), Hib invasive infections have dramatically decreased, albeit they remain to occasionally produce disease in pediatric patients. We report our experience with children whom developed Hib invasive disease in children since 2000 to 2004. Medical records of children with Hib were reviewed in order to describe the epidemiology, main clinical and laboratory findings, management and complications. Twenty three patients (17 male), between 1 and 71 months (median 30 months) were identified: pneumonia (7), meningitis (4), pleuropneumonia (2), empyema (2), sepsis (2), cellulitis (2), meningitis and pleuropneumonia (1), purpura fulminans (1), miositis (1) and epiglottitis (1). No deaths were observed and four patients presented severe sequelae at hospital discharge. Twenty patients were considered vaccine failures. Hib remains as a sporadic cause of severe disease in Chile and thus for physicians should still keep it in mind. Case analysis and active surveillance are necessary to monitor the current immunization regimen.
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PMID:[Invasive infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b after the institution of the conjugated vaccine on the expanded programm on immunization in Chile]. 1646 64

Upper and lower respiratory infections are encountered commonly in the emergency department. Visits resulting from occurrences of respiratory disease account for 10% of all pediatric emergency department visits and 20% of all pediatric hospital admissions. Causes of upper airway infections include croup, epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess, cellulitis, pharyngitis, and peritonsillar abscesses. Lower airway viral and bacterial infections cause illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Signs and symptoms of upper and lower airway infections overlap, but the differentiation is important for appropriate treatment of these conditions. This article reviews the varied clinical characteristics of upper and lower airway infections.
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PMID:Airway infectious disease emergencies. 1657 23

We evaluated 52 children with invasive Haemophilus influenzae infection in Kamikawa subprefucture, Hokkaido, Japan between 1996 and 2005. The most frequent disease was meningitis, in 30 children (57.7%), followed by pneumonia in 9 (17.3%), bacteremia in 8 (15.4%), epiglottitis in 4 (7.7%), and cellulitis in 1 (1.9%). Patients ranged in age from 0 days to 8 years. Thirty (57.7%) of the patients were less than 2 years old. Only 6 cases of invasive H. influenzae infection occurred in children older than 5 years. Between 1996 and 2005 the annual incidence rates of invasive H. influenzae infection in children aged less than 5 years, and those aged from 5 to 9 years were 4.3/100,000 to 56.8/100,000 and 0/100,000 to 12.4/100,000, respectively. A marked increase of the annual incidence rate in children aged under 5 years was observed in the most recent 2 years (2004 and 2005). No patients with invasive H. influenzae infection died, but sequelae were seen at discharge in 2 patients with meningitis, predominantly epilepsy and developmental delay of varying severity. Two patients with epiglottitis were treated by endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. Of 41 strains isolated from 1999 to 2005, 35 were classified for antimicrobial resistance by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The number of strains of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-susceptible, low beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistant-I, and beta-lactamase-positive amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistant-II, were 22, 3, 5, 2, and 3, respectively. The serotype in 37 (97.4%) of 38 cases demonstrated type b.
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PMID:Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in children in Kamikawa subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan, 1996-2005, before the introduction of H. influenzae type b vaccination. 1733 26

Respiratory tract infections are frequent and they are one of the commonest causes of antibiotic prescription. However, there are few clinical guidelines that consider this group of infections. This document has been written by the Andalusian Infectious Diseases Society and the Andalusian Family and Community Medicine Society. The primary objective has been to define the recommendations for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections apart from pneumonia. The clinical syndromes evaluated have been: a) pharyngitis; b) sinusitis; c) acute otitis media and otitis externa; d) acute bronchitis, laryngitis, epiglottitis; e) acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis; and f) respiratory infectious in patients with bronchiectasis. This document has focused on immunocompetent patients.
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PMID:[Clinical and therapeutic management of respiratory tract infections. Consensus document of the Andalusian Infectious Diseases Society and the Andalusian Family and Community Medicine Society]. 1738 21

Respiratory tract infections are frequent and they are one of the commonest causes of antibiotic prescription. However, there are few clinical guidelines that consider this group of infections. This document has been written by the Andalusian Infectious Diseases Society and the Andalusian Family and Community Medicine Society. The primary objective has been to define the recommendations for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections apart from pneumonia. The clinical syndromes evaluated have been: a) pharyngitis; b) sinusitis; c) acute otitis media and otitis externa; d) acute bronchitis, laryngitis, epiglottitis; e) acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis; and f) respiratory infectious in patients with bronchiectasis. This document has focused on immunocompetent patients.
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PMID:[Clinical and therapeutic management of respiratory tract infections. Consensus document of the Andalusian infectious diseases society and the Andalusian family and comunitary medicine society]. 1742 27

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) diseases are major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. For the period from 1994 to 2003, we retrospectively identified 53 children with invasive Hib disease including 31 with meningitis, 14 with pneumonia, 2 with septic arthritis, 2 with epiglottitis, 1 with neutropenic sepsis, and 3 who were bacteraemic without a focus. Two children died and 22 had serious sequelae; significantly, survivors with sequelae had presented with meningitis (P-value<0.001) or sepsis (P-value=0.001). During the 11-year period, the annual incidence of invasive Hib disease was estimated to be 4.4/100,000 children <5 years old. With rising affluence, decreasing costs of vaccines, and increased costs in caring for survivors, universal infant immunization with Hib vaccine may need to be reconsidered in Singapore.
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PMID:Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Singapore children, 1994-2003. 1765 71

Pediatric respiratory infections are a common presenting complaint to the emergency department. This article discusses the presentation and management of infectious conditions, including bacterial tracheitis, bronchiolitis, croup, epiglottitis, pertussis, pneumonia, and retropharyngeal abscess.
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PMID:Pediatric respiratory infections. 1795 Jan 32

Infection with non-encapsulated types of Haemophilus influenzae bacteria can cause such diseases as sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis or otitis. Of the six capsulated types of Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib) is the main cause of invasive diseases in childhood, including meningitis, septicaemia, epiglottitis, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis. The article presents the data about the virulence of Haemophilus influenzae, its carrier state, invasive Hib infections in the world and in Poland as well as active prevention with usage of Hib vaccinations, with special reference to high risk groups.
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PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae type b--active prevention]. 1941 41

Most upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, but recognition of the cause of a particular illness is impossible based on clinical findings alone. Epiglottitis caused by type B Hemophilus influenzae can occur in adults with the same threat to upper airway obstruction as in children. An approach to the diagnosis of pneumonia is outlined and pneumonias caused specifically by viruses, mycoplasma, and bacteria are described.
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PMID:Respiratory tract infections in adults. 2129 92


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