Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) infections occurring from 1985 to 1987 in children younger than 16 years of age living in the state of Victoria were reviewed. There were 547 cases which fulfilled the case definition, including 231 cases of meningitis, 219 of epiglottitis and 97 other infections; 14 (2.6%) children died, 8 with meningitis, 5 with epiglottitis and 1 with pneumonia. Ninety-five percent of cases occurred in children younger than 5 years of age, in whom the case attack rate was 58.5/100,000/annum. Nearly two-thirds of cases (46% of meningitis; 91% of epiglottitis; 45% of other infections) occurred in children more than 18 months of age (the age at which vaccine is presently given in the United States). Compared with the United States, the case attack rate for HIB disease in Victoria is lower, the mean age of affected children higher and the proportion with epiglottitis is greater. However, the incidence, age distribution and clinical manifestations of HIB disease in Victoria are similar to those described in Scandinavia before the successful introduction of vaccines. Effective conjugate vaccines against HIB disease are now available and the majority of cases are preventable (depending on the immunization schedule used). These data suggest that immunization of Victorian children against HIB infection should be cost-effective.
 ...
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Victoria, Australia, 1985 to 1987. 233 10

We report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease requiring hospital intervention in Southern Israel, an area that contains two ethnic populations, Bedouins and Jews. The study is based on 107 blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture-positive cases during the years 1984 to 1988. The annual incidence rate among children younger than 5 years of age was 51/100,000 (48/100,000 for Jews and 58/100,000 for Bedouins). Thirty-nine percent of patients had meningitis, 32% had pneumonia and 31% had otitis media. Epiglottitis was present in only one case (less than 1%). The median age was 8 months. Twenty-six percent of the cases were 6 months old or younger, 75% were 1 year old or younger and 87% were 18 months old or younger. Ninety-five percent of all meningitis cases occurred during the first 18 months of life. A projected number of 2938 hospitalization days and 9.8 deaths/year for a population in which 100,000 births occur yearly was calculated. The major impact of invasive H. influenzae type b infections and the very young age involved justify initiation of H. influenzae vaccine studies in our region.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Bedouins and Jews in southern Israel. 235 16

On the basis of intensified surveillance in Finland we report the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease based on 333 consecutive culture-proved cases recorded during 1985 and 1986. The annual incidence rate among children younger than 5 years of age was 52/100,000; 46% of patients had meningitis, 29% had epiglottitis and 25% had other forms of invasive disease. The median age of patients was 27 months, with 45% younger than 2 years of age. Meningitis and epiglottitis were found more often among boys than among girls, whereas the opposite was found among patients with other types of invasive disease (P = 0.015). Among the latter 68% of children with pneumonia or septicemia were 2 years or older compared with 32% of patients with arthritis, cellulitis or pyelonephritis (P = 0.009). These background data are essential for correct interpretation and application of results from trials with H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines that are currently ongoing in Finland.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among children in Finland before vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. 265 19

A collection of 308 clinical isolates of beta-haemolytic Lancefield group C streptococci was assembled from laboratories in England, Nigeria and New Zealand. Of these, 276 isolates were Streptococcus equisimilis, 23 S. milleri and nine S. zooepidemicus. Isolates of S. equisimilis in the African collection, though few, gave higher rates of lactose and raffinose fermentation, aesculin hydrolysis and positive alpha-galactosidase reactions than those from elsewhere. Erythromycin resistance was found in 1.9% of the English isolates of S. equisimilis. Strains from superficial infections accounted for 88% of the collection and were most commonly isolated from the upper respiratory tract, skin or wounds. Amongst the 36 patients yielding isolates from deep sites S. equisimilis was found in septicaemia, cellulitis, abscess, peritonitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia, mycotic aneurysm and acute epiglottitis, S. milleri was found in abdominal abscesses, peritonitis, pleural empyema and osteomyelitis and S. zooepidemicus was found in septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis and septic arthritis. Within the collection an unselected general catchment of 214 isolates of group C streptococci from the laboratories in Yorkshire showed the following species: from 199 superficial infections 94% S. equisimilis, 5% S. milleri and 1% S. zooepidemicus and 15 patients with deeper, more aggressive infections 67, 27 and 6.7% of these species respectively.
 ...
PMID:Group C streptococci in human infection: a study of 308 isolates with clinical correlations. 273 52

Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease was reviewed in the Auckland paediatric population. A total of 205 episodes were confirmed by sterile cavity culture in 203 patients under 15 years of age over a seven year period. The incidence of invasive disease was 14/100,000/year in those under 15 years and 41/100,000/year in under 5 year olds. The age range was from 1 month to 11 years, with 91% under 5 years and 64% under 2 years. Most cases were due to meningitis (63%). Other diseases included epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, arthritis, and occult bacteraemia. There was only one fatality. Beta lactamase production was found in 9% of meningeal isolates. Recently a new conjugated haemophilus vaccine has been licensed in the United States for use in children 18 months and older. Consideration should be given to introducing this vaccine in New Zealand.
 ...
PMID:Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Auckland children 1981-87. 278 46

The spectrum of severe Haemophilus influenzae type b disease exclusive of meningitis includes: epiglottitis, pneumonia, arthritis, septicemia, cellulitis and pericarditis. The results of a 7 year-epidemiologic study (Jan 1980 to Dec 1986) performed in 2 French departments are reported. Sixty-nine cases were detected, representing a yearly rate of 9/100,000 children aged 0 to 4 years. The real incidence is probably higher and was estimated as 11/100,000. In all of France, it corresponds to 382 annual cases and, more specifically to 60 to 70 annual cases of epiglottitis. No deaths were recorded and only 2 cases with minor sequelae were documented in this series. These results, as compared with those of previous studies, show that the incidence is lower than that in other countries, especially with regard to epiglottitis which is more frequent in North America and in Scandinavian countries.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections (excluding meningitis) in 2 French departments]. 278 12

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil(cefteram) a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of cefteram (CFTM) were determined upon oral administration after meal of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) at doses of 3 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 6 mg/kg granules in 2. Peak serum levels of CFTM were obtained at 3 hours in 2 cases and 4 hours in 2 cases after administration of the drug with a range of 0.74-2.2 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.77-3.62 hours. Urinary recovery rates in 8 hours after administration ranged from 9.6-23.0%. 2. MICs of CFTM against 22 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 4, Staphylococcus aureus 2, Branhamella catarrhalis 1, Haemophilus influenzae 8, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1, and Escherichia coli 2) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFTM was superior to those of CCL and CEX, and was superior against Gram-negative rods and equal against Gram-positive cocci to those of ABPC. 3. Twenty-six pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever 3 cases, tonsillitis 7, epiglottitis 1, bronchitis 5, pneumonia 5, urinary tract infection 3, cervical lymphadenitis 2) were treated with CFTM-PI at daily doses of 9.3-15.3 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 70% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 48

The choice of treatment, the importance of chemoprophylaxis in household contacts and the potential impact of immunization with vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) currently under investigation are discussed on the basis of the patients hospitalized for invasive Hib infections at the University Children's Hospital Geneva from 1976 to 1985. Among 122 culture-proven infections due to Hib, there were 41% of cases of meningitis, 37.7% of epiglottitis, 9.8% of pneumonia, 5.7% of septicemia, 3.3% of cellulitis and 2.4% of septic arthritis. From 1981 to 1983, one strain of Hib produced beta-lactamase, but between 1984 and 1985, 5 strains (19.2%) produced beta-lactamase. Only one case of possible horizontal transmission of the infection was found in this 10-year period. We conclude that 1. the appearance of beta-lactamase producing strains of Hib requires that treatment be initiated with an antimicrobial agent resistant to beta-lactamase when a Hib infection is suspected; 2. in our region, only one case of an invasive Hib infection could theoretically have been prevented by chemoprophylaxis; and 3. the calculated theoretical impact of vaccination with the new types of vaccines against Hib could have prevented 106 of 122 cases of invasive Hib infections.
 ...
PMID:[Systemic infections due to type b Haemophilus influenzae. A retrospective study of 114 cases]. 326 4

Ceftriaxone treatment (50 to 80 mg/kg once daily) was given to 201 children between 1 month and 18 years of age. There were 201 serious bacterial infections, including epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, and meningitis. The common pathogens responsible for pediatric infections isolated from these patients included Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The overall clinic cure rate was 94%. Ten patients were clinically improved but not cured. There were two clinical failures. Bacteriologic failure occurred in six patients. The overall bacteriologic cure rate was 97%. Twenty patients (10%) experienced adverse effects; none required discontinuation of therapy. The efficacy, safety, spectrum, and convenience of ceftriaxone monotherapy make this antimicrobial agent a candidate for the treatment of choice of selected serious pediatric infections.
 ...
PMID:Once-daily administration of ceftriaxone for the treatment of selected serious bacterial infections in children. 340 85

Acute airway obstruction secondary to supraglottic inflammation is a regional manifestation of epiglottitis in children. Pneumonia, meningitis, cervical adenitis and septic shock are systemic manifestations which can complicate the course of acute epiglottitis. Prompt airway control and institution of appropriate high dose i.v. antibiotics are both important to continue to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with the regional and systemic manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children.
 ...
PMID:Complication of acute epiglottitis. 348 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>