Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endocarditis by Aspergillus species in patients without prior cardiovascular surgery is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. We report and discuss a 69-year-old patient with hairy cell leukemia who developed severe bilateral pneumonia and metastatic subcutaneous nodules from which A. fumigatus was cultured. He died after 18 days of treatment with an adequate dose (0.7 mg/kg/day) of amphotericin B intravenously. Fungal endocarditis and a myocardial infarction due to a septic thrombotic occlusion of the left coronary artery by A. fumigatus appeared to be the cause of death. A. fumigatus could still be cultured from the aortic valve postmortem despite a total dose of 756 mg amphotericin B. In case of metastatic spread of Aspergillus spp., endocarditis should be suspected.
Infection
PMID:Aspergillus fumigatus, a rare cause of fatal coronary artery occlusion. 156 13

Chlamydia pneumoniae is emerging as a significant cause of respiratory disease, including pneumonia and bronchitis, in humans. In this recently completed study of infection due to C. pneumoniae in patients presenting with pneumonia to SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, we identified two individuals for whom cultures were positive on multiple occasions over a 1-year period. To determine the frequency of persistent respiratory infection with C. pneumoniae, follow-up specimens were obtained from nine individuals with culture-documented C. pneumoniae infection. Five of these individuals had persistent infection: four had a flulike illness characterized by pharyngitis, and one had bronchitis with prominent bronchospasm. All five individuals appeared to have acute C. pneumoniae infection as determined by results of serologic tests (titers of IgM antibody for all individuals were greater than or equal to 1:16). For three patients, cultures remained positive for 11 months despite therapy with 10- to 21-day courses of tetracycline or doxycycline. These observations suggest that persistent infection with C. pneumoniae may follow acute infection and may persist for many months. Infection with C. pneumoniae may be very difficult to eradicate with use of currently available antibiotics even if there is a clinical response to therapy.
 ...
PMID:Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illness. 157 25

Three patients with acute leukemia who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in complete remission, developed a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia, which was fatal in two. Identification of RSV was made on the products of bronchoalveolar lavage by direct immunofluorescence. As already described by others, the initial course of RSV infection varies, depending on whether it occurs sooner or later after BMT with a better prognosis in the latter situation. Treatment consists of aerosolized ribavirin. Infection by RSV is caused by manual contact with infected persons and contaminated surfaces. The severity of lung RSV infection in the course of BMT suggests the need for prophylactic measures in addition to standard isolation precautions.
 ...
PMID:Severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation: a report of three cases and review. 157 14

Infection with HIV is a problem of growing magnitude among women and children in the United States. During 1991, AIDS will be among the five leading causes of death for women of childbearing age. Over 80% of children with HIV have acquired the infection vertically, and AIDS is now a leading cause of death of children in many urban areas of the United States. Gender and age have important influences on the progression of HIV disease and on the occurrence of complicating illnesses. Zidovudine can slow HIV disease progression, and several regimens of prophylaxis are effective against P. carinii pneumonia, which is the leading cause of death among adults and children with AIDS. Intravenous immunoglobulin may be effective for prevention of serious infections in some children with symptomatic HIV infection. Ultimately, prevention of HIV infection among women and children depends on targeted education and, possibly, the development of medical strategies for interruption of vertical transmission.
 ...
PMID:Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on women and infants. 157 10

The detection of travel-associated legionellosis can be extremely difficult; hence, an extensive case investigation is recommended in pneumonia-striken travellers and tourists, who are particularly at risk of acquiring the disease. On the Island of Ischia (Isola d'Ischia, Naples, Italy) a total of six cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred from 1986 to 1990. All patients (one man and two women from Germany, one Austrian woman, one Swiss man, and one Italian woman) had taken thermal baths and stayed in local hotels; they all experienced severe pneumonia, and three of them died. These cases were associated with hotels, and the hot-water supply was presumed to have transmitted the infection. Remedial procedures were applied to the hot-water plumbing of the hotels according to the WHO recommendations and were proved to be effective. The occurrences described in this paper stress the importance of rapid and accurate reporting of diagnosed cases to the country where the infection was probably acquired, in order to ensure early detection of endemic foci and emerging clusters of legionellosis.
Infection
PMID:Six cases of travel-associated Legionnaires' disease in Ischia involving four countries. 158 87

A 68-year-old male, having just returned from a two-week holiday on the Island of Ischia, developed unilateral pneumonia for which he was treated with oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and hospitalized within three days when the disease worsened and spread to both lungs. Despite parenteral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (up to 2.2 g i.v. t.i.d.) the pneumonia spread rapidly over the next three days. Sputum cultures returned post mortem yielded Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and urine tests revealed the presence of Legionella antigen. Disk diffusion susceptibility testing on BCYE of the causative pathogen revealed zone diameters of inhibition of the clinical isolate exceeding 50 mm, indicating high susceptibility to this antibiotic combination. The therapeutic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid should stimulate further reports and studies on the efficacy against legionellosis of this drug and similar beta-lactam inhibitor combinations as well as other beta-lactamase-stable beta-lactams.
Infection
PMID:Fatal Legionella pneumophila pneumonia: treatment failure despite early sequential oral-parenteral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy. 158 91

A new animal model of epididymitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis was developed. Adult male Wistar rats were inoculated in the vas deferens with C. trachomatis biovar mouse pneumonitis. After infection, C. trachomatis was recovered from the epididymides for up to 90 days. At day 30, organisms were also reisolated from the testes. Clinical findings included enlargement of infected epididymides and concurrent atrophy of the ipsilateral testes. Histological lesions in the epididymides consisted of pyogranulomatous inflammation, abscesses, and spermatic granulomas. Infection of the testis by C. trachomatis was associated with pyogranulomatous changes. In addition, testicular degeneration, characterized by moderate to severe loss of the germinal epithelium, was noted. Chlamydial antigen was detected within epithelial cells, intratubular macrophages, and macrophages in the stroma of the epididymis by immunoperoxidase staining. This rat model of chlamydial epididymitis appears to clinically and histopathologically mimic the human disease. This model offers the opportunity for further studies on the pathogenesis and sequelae of chlamydial epididymitis.
 ...
PMID:Experimental epididymitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis in rats. 158 99

Recurrent pneumonia is still an important problem. In this retrospective study we reviewed the records of 90 patients with a history of 3 or more episodes of acute pneumonia. The 90 patients accounted for altogether 347 episodes of acute pneumonia, treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Lund. 12 patients died while being treated for pneumonia at the department. Pneumonia alone caused the death in 7 of these 12 patients. In all, 51 of the patients died during the 11-year study period. Death certificates, stating the cause of death, were available in 38 cases, and pneumonia was the direct cause of death in 15 patients. Most of the infections were community-acquired, only 47 were nosocomial, 20/90 patients suffered from disorders associated with immune deficiency, and 70 patients had other predisposing illnesses. We found a larger number of underlying immunoglobulin deficiencies (11 patients of 38 investigated) than previously reported. Of 13 patients without other known, predisposing conditions, hypogammaglobulinemia was found in 3 patients. We suggest that patients with recurrent pneumonia should be thoroughly investigated, in order to find previously unrecognized immune deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent pneumonia: a review of 90 adult patients. 158 28

We report on a 8-month-old boy with AIDS, born of an asymptomatic mother with positive HTLV-III serology. He was hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit because of anemia, fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia and subsequent blood cultures were positive for Candida albicans. After 3 days of Amphotericin B treatment, the patient was transferred to Infectious Disease Department. After 30 days of hospitalization, the patient developed a rapid neurological impairment evolving into coma. CT scan showed a round, ring-shaped low density lesion with hyperdense and enhancing haemorrhagic centre in the left basal ganglia and a smaller hypodense lesion on the right. There was also evidence of cortical atrophy and mild ventricular dilatation. Such lesions are more commonly described in children with AIDS and congenital cytomegalic inclusion virus (CMV) encephalitis. In this case toxoplasma cysts were shown microscopically reinforcing the contention that in patients with AIDS, toxoplasma gondii infection may occur with atypical manifestation.
 ...
PMID:An unusual CT presentation of congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis in an 8 month-old boy with AIDS. 159 15

In a population-based cohort of approximately 6000 Brazilian children, the associations between maternal education and a number of child health outcomes were studied while controlling for potentially confounding variables such as family income and education of the husband. In the crude analyses, maternal education was associated with perinatal and infant mortality, hospital admissions in the first 20 months of life and the three nutritional indicators (length-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length) at mean age 20 months. After adjustment for confounding, the apparent associations with outcomes in early infancy--birthweight and perinatal mortality--were no longer present, while that with infant mortality persisted despite being reduced. Strong associations remained with later outcomes including hospital admissions, length-for-age and weight-for-age at mean age 20 months. Among infants born to women with little or no schooling, deaths due to diarrhoea, pneumonia and other infectious diseases were particularly common. These findings support the hypothesis that maternal education has an effect on child health which is partly independent from that of other socioeconomic factors; they also suggest that maternal care is more important than the biological characteristics of the mothers since stronger effects were observed for the late (postneonatal mortality, hospital admissions and nutritional status) than for the early (birthweight, perinatal mortality) outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Maternal education in relation to early and late child health outcomes: findings from a Brazilian cohort study. 160 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>