Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Almost two-thirds of the deaths of children around the world are directly or indirectly associated with nutritional deficiencies. Both protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of death from common diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia and measles. Iron deficiency anemia is estimated to affect almost 25% of the world's population (equivalent to 3.5 billion people) resulting in high economic costs by adding to the burden on healthcare services, affecting learning in school and reducing adult productivity. Dietary practices frequently seen in older children and adolescents from industrialized countries, leading to frequent consumption of often nutrient-poor foods, may also put them at risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Marginal nutrient deficiencies in the developed world are increasingly accepted as risk factors for the development of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease or some cancers.
 ...
PMID:Global patterns of child health: the role of nutrition. 1242 75

A case-control-study was performed to identify patients at particularly high risk of community-acquired pneumonia and nosocomial pneumonia with a special focus on cardiovascular diseases as potential risk factors. Thirty-six consecutive hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases and pneumonia were matched with 36 controls also suffering from cardiovascular diseases but without pneumonia. From all cardiovascular diseases only heart failure proved to be an independent risk factor for pneumonia (OR 5.69, 95 % KI 1.69 - 19.04, p = 0.0048). Both chronic (p = 0.009) and acute heart failure (p = 0.028) were associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. The risk of pneumonia was closely related to the degree of ventricular function impairment. Coronary heart disease, valvular disease, arrythmia, myocarditis, endocarditis and cardiomyopathy did not increase the risk for pneumonia unless accompanied by heart failure. Pulmonary (OR 9.24, 95 % KI 1.48 - 57.74, p = 0.00174) and renal diseases (OR 7.49, 95 % KI 1.38 - 40.76, p = 0.0197) were validated as additional independent risk factors. A history of smoking was also associated with an increased risk of pneumonia (p = 0,023). This study supports the hypothesis that heart failure resulting from cardiovascular disease and not cardiovascular disease itself mounts the risk for pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors for pneumonia in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. 1248 16

A prospective study of 726 cases of coroner's autopsies carried out over a period of two years (1st January, 1996 - 31st December, 1997) was reviewed. The causes and circumstances of death are defined and classified into natural and unnatural deaths. Fifty cases (6.3%) were children while the remaining 676 cases (93.1%) were adults in a male to female ratio of 2.6 to 1. The most common indications for coroner's autopsies were sudden unnatural deaths (SUDs) accounting for 485 cases (66.8%) and also sudden unexpected natural deaths (SUNDs) (241 cases) accounting for 33.2%. In the first category, road traffic accidents accounted for 86.7% of cases with deaths involving motor vehicle drivers and their passengers (41.8%); pedestrians (37.1%); and motorcyclists and their passengers (18.6%). The commonest causes of death in all road traffic accidents were craniocerebral injuries and haemorrhagic shock. In the second category the most common causes of sudden unexpected natural death were cardiovascular diseases resulting from complications of hypertension (54.7%) occurring in apparently healthy individuals. Other causes of death were pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid fever and neoplastic diseases. This study showed that in Nigeria, with an increasing acquisition of dietary and life style habits of the developed western world, there is becoming a concomitant risk of deaths from road traffic accidents and sudden unexpected natural deaths from hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Prospective study of coroner's autopsies in Benin City, Nigeria. 1248 17

Gemcitabine pulmonary toxicity is rare and represents a difficult diagnosis. A 61 year old female treated with gemcitabine for a metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) developed during the fifth chemotherapy cycle an acute respiratory distress syndrome with fever, tachypnea, marked hypoxemia and a diffuse interstitial-alveolar infiltrate on chest radiograph. No infectious or opportunistic etiology or cardiovascular disease was demonstrated. Withdrawal of gemcitabine and administration of corticosteroids led to symptomatic improvement. This acute pneumonitis was likely drug induced.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical case of the month. Pulmonary toxicity due to gemcitabine for NSCLC with brain metastasis]. 1272 5

Heart disease in men is declining steadily, but it remains the number one killer of men in the United States. CLRD, influenza/pneumonia, and lung cancer are three more causes of top 10 mortalities in men. Epidemiological and clinical studies conclude that CVD is largely preventable through lifestyle modification. CHD, COPD, occupational lung disease, and lung cancer are all preventable by primary prevention (ie, no cigarette smoking). All men should be counseled about the grave significance of heart and lung disease as a cause of illness and death, the importance of primary prevention, and the great variability in symptom presentation. Nurses are in the ideal position to educate patients, families, and colleagues about heart and lung disease.
 ...
PMID:Men's cardiovascular and pulmonary health. 1515 80

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is responsible for the majority of visual impairment in the Western world. Epidemiological studies examining risk factors for AMD are needed to develop strategies for the prevention of blindness from this condition. A number of potentially modifiable risk factors for AMD have been identified; however, only smoking has been a consistent risk factor across the numerous studies. A growing body of evidence suggests that AMD and cardiovascular disease may have common risk factors. The Cardiovascular Health and Age Related Maculopathy (CHARM) Study was established to examine the risk factors for AMD and its progression, in particular risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Examining risk factors for prevalent AMD, cases with AMD were compared with age and gender matched controls with no AMD features. For the assessment of AMD progression, the study examined in 2001 and 2002 those participants with early AMD, or age-related maculopathy (ARM), who had undergone baseline examination between 1992 and 1995 and compared the characteristics of those who had progression of AMD with those who did not. The CHARM study involved both ophthalmic and cardiovascular examinations. Standardised clinical eye examination and grading of the macular stereo photographs were used to determine the AMD status and progression. To examine cardiovascular status, carotid artery ultrasound imaging analysis of systemic arterial compliance, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were performed. The traditional and novel risk factors for CVD such as levels of glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins A and M, homocysteine, oxidized LDL and the exposure to the Chlamydia Pneumonia infection were determined. DNA was collected for apolipoprotein E genotyping. The present paper outlines the primary aims of the CHARM study, the methodology involved and the recruitment results.
 ...
PMID:Methodology of the Cardiovascular Health and Age-Related Maculopathy (CHARM) Study. 1537 May 49

One of the major characteristics of Chlamydia spp. is its ability to cause prolonged, often subclinical infections. Chronic, persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases initially not thought to be infectious, including asthma, arthritis and atherosclerosis. C. pneumoniae is susceptible in vitro to a wide range of antimicrobial agents that target either protein or DNA synthesis, including macrolides, ketolides, tetracyclines, quinolones and rifamycins. Practically all treatment studies evaluating presented or published to date have used serology alone for diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection, which only provides a clinical end point. The results of several treatment studies that did perform culture found that erythromycin, azithromycin (Zithromax, clarithromycin (Biaxin, levofloxacin (Levaquin and moxifloxacin (Avelox had a 70 to 90% efficacy in eradicating C. pneumoniae from the respiratory tract of children and adults with pneumonia. Persistence of the organism does not appear to be due to the development of antibiotic resistance. However, one cannot extrapolate from this experience to the treatment of chronic C. pneumoniae infection, especially cardiovascular disease. As there are no reliable serologic markers for chronic or persistent C. pneumoniae infection, it cannot be determined who is infected and who is not, which means that it cannot be assumed that any effect seen is due to successful treatment or eradication of C. pneumoniae.
 ...
PMID:Advances in the management of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections. 1548 45

Although frequently asymptomatic, homozygous C2 deficiency (C2D) is known to be associated with severe infections and rheumatic disease. We describe the clinical findings in 40 persons with C2D from 33 families identified in Sweden over 25 years. Medical records covering 96% of the accumulated person-years were reviewed, giving a mean observation time of 39 years (range, 1-77 yr). Severe infection was the predominant clinical manifestation in the cohort: 23 patients had a past history of invasive infections, mainly septicemia or meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 12 patients had repeated infections of this kind. Nineteen patients had at least 1 episode of pneumonia, and recurrent pneumonia was documented in 10 patients. Repeated infections occurred mainly during infancy and childhood. Systemic lupus erythematosus was found in 10 patients. Another 7 patients had undifferentiated connective tissue disease (n = 4) or vasculitis (n = 3). We found no correlation between susceptibility to invasive infection and rheumatologic disease. Cardiovascular disease occurred at a high rate, with a total of 10 acute myocardial infarctions and 5 cerebrovascular episodes in 6 patients. Causes of death among the C2D patients were infection (n = 5), acute myocardial infarction (n = 3), and cancer (n = 1). We suggest that severe infection may be the principal clinical manifestation of C2D. We also provide novel evidence for a possible role of C2D in the development of atherosclerosis consistent with findings in mannan-binding deficiency and experimental C3 deficiency. In addition, we confirm the well-known association between C2D and systemic lupus erythematosus.
 ...
PMID:Hereditary C2 deficiency in Sweden: frequent occurrence of invasive infection, atherosclerosis, and rheumatic disease. 1564 97

Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular respiratory pathogen that causes 10 % of community-acquired pneumonia and has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Both whole-genome sequencing and specific gene typing suggest that there is relatively little genetic variation in human isolates of C. pneumoniae. To date, there has been little genomic analysis of strains from human cardiovascular sites. The genotypes of C. pneumoniae present in human atherosclerotic carotid plaque were analysed and several polymorphisms in the variable domain 4 (VD4) region of the outer-membrane protein-A (ompA) gene and the intergenic region between the ygeD and uridine kinase (ygeD-urk) genes were found. While one genotype was identified that was the same as one reported previously in humans (respiratory and cardiovascular), another genotype was found that was identical to a genotype from non-human sources (frog/koala).
 ...
PMID:Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque. 1600 Jul 18

As a consequence of seminal laboratory and experimental work conducted in the 1970s, infections have recently been recognized among possible risk factors for atherosclerosis and its clinical cardiovascular disease manifestations. The infectious hypothesis also relates to modern atherogenesis theories that consider the crucial role of inflammation in the initial development as well as in the natural history of the atherosclerotic plaque. During the last 2 decades, numerous clinical and epidemiologic studies have explored the association between markers of chronic infections in relation to a variety of clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease outcomes. These studies have focused on a variety of agents including herpesvirus (especially cytomegalovirus), Chlamydia pneumonia, Helicobacter pylori, and periodontal pathogens, and have produced inconsistent results. Some of the limitations and methodological issues in interpreting the existing epidemiologic evidence are discussed in this article. In addition, other supporting evidence is presented here, including pathology studies documenting the presence of infectious agents' DNA in atherosclerotic plaque tissue and experimental infection models in animal studies. Areas for future research are discussed in light of the strengths and limitations of the existing evidence.
 ...
PMID:Infective agents and cardiovascular disease. 1622 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>