Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
 ...
PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

Serum specimens from patients admitted to a respiratory disease hospital were examined by the histoplasmin latex agglutination, the complement fixation, and the agar gel immunodiffusion tests. Of 300 sera examined, 21 (7.0%) gave an apparent false positive reaction at a dilution of 1:16 or greater. Fourteen (66%) of the 21 patients studied has culturally proven tuberculosis. One patient each had a diagnosis of hypertensive cardiovascular disease with congestive heart failure, infection with atypical mycobacteria (Runyon group III), chronic pneumonitis secondary to gunshot wound, and pulmonary abscess of unknown etiology; two had bronchogenic carcinoma; and one serum specimen came from an apparently healthy employee. The results of the histoplasmin latex agglutination test should be interpreted with caution, particularly if only one serological determination has been made and the titer is low.
 ...
PMID:Apparent false positive histoplasmin latex agglutination tests in patients with tuberculosis. 81 11

Relative to a particular level of female mortality, male mortality is lower than expected, currently and historically, in Northwestern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and Tropical Latin America; it is higher than expected in Western-Central Europe and in the Far East. The geographical pattern of differentials is attributable primarily to variation in the masculinity of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and influenza/pneumonia/bronchitis. Over time, male mortality has increased relative to a particular level of female mortality, and these same causes of death are principally responsible. In the 1960's, high masculinity of mortality was associated independently with low proportions in primary activities, high proportions hiring in large cities, and with high discrimination against females in school enrollment combined with poor nutritional standards. The former two variables once again operate primarily through cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and the respiratory diseases, whereas the discrimination-nutrition interaction appears to operate through infectious diseases. Variations in levels of economic modernization are capable of accounting for a substantial portion of the regional differences, although certain constitutional factors such as physiotype are also plausibly implicated, and they are also congruent with trends in sex mortality differentials.
 ...
PMID:[Causes of death responsible for international and intertemporal variation in sex mortality differentials]. 93 40

A five-year retrospective study of obstetric admissions to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) in the National University Hospital, Singapore was carried out with the aim of determining the incidence, causes and outcome of these admissions. Most of the patients were admitted following emergency caesarean sections. Obstetric complications was the reason for admission in 56.8% with hypertensive disease of pregnancy being the major cause and haemorrhage accounting for the rest. Anaesthetic complications accounted for 21.6% of admissions and these included difficult intubation, aspiration pneumonitis, cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory depression. Medical complications due to cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease and malignancy also accounted for 21.6% of admissions. Only 37 out of 16264 deliveries (0.22%) required intensive care support. The median of duration of stay was one day.
 ...
PMID:Obstetric admissions to the intensive care unit--a retrospective review. 129 21

Cause-specific deaths by day for the years 1973 to 1980 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were extracted from National Center for Health Statistics mortality tapes. Death from accidents (International Classification of Disease, Revision 9 greater than or equal to 800) and deaths outside of the city were excluded. Daily counts of deaths were regressed using Poisson regression on total suspended particulate (TSP) and/or SO2 on the same day and on the preceding day, controlling for year, season, temperature, and humidity. A significant positive association was found between total mortality (mean of 48 deaths/day) and both TSP (second highest daily mean, 222 micrograms/m3) and SO2 (second highest daily mean, 299 micrograms/m3). The strongest associations were found with the mean pollution of the current and the preceding days. Total mortality was estimated to increase by 7% (95% CI, 4 to 10%) with each 100-micrograms/m3 increase in TSP, and 5% (95% CI, 3 to 7%) with each 100-micrograms/m3 increase in SO2. When both pollutants were considered simultaneously, the SO2 association was no longer significant. Mortality increased monotonically with TSP. The effect of 100 micrograms/m3 TSP was stronger in subjects older than 65 yr of age (10% increase) compared with those younger than 65 yr of age (3% increase). Cause-specific mortality was also associated with a 100-micrograms/m3 increase in TSP: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICD9 490-496), +19% (95% CI, 0 to 42%), pneumonia (ICD9 480-486 & 507), +11% (95% CI, -3 to +27%), and cardiovascular disease (ICD9 390-448), +10% (95% CI, 6 to 14%). These results are somewhat higher than previously reported associations, and they add to the body of evidence showing that particulate pollution is associated with increased daily mortality at current levels in the United States.
 ...
PMID:Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations. 154 41

Despite the generally salutary experience in recent years of managing suppurative pleuropulmonary disease, empyemas and lung abscesses have persisted and increased in incidence in hospitals such as Queens Hospital Center that serve large numbers of the socioeconomically disadvantaged. This study documents the etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and treatment results of suppurative pleuropulmonary disease at Queens Hospital Center, which serves a large segment of the urban poor, many of whom are black. Results indicate that contributory or antecedent etiologic factors include a history of prior disease (specifically pneumonia, lung abscess, obstructive lung disease, pulmonary neoplasia, and tuberculosis); a predisposition to constitutional or immunologic deficiencies (specifically, alcoholism, anemia/malnutrition, drug abuse, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]); conditions contributing to tracheobronchial aspiration (specifically, alcoholism and seizure disorders); and a miscellaneous group such as prior surgery, cardiovascular disease, and sepsis syndrome. The patients in this study were young with maximal incidence occurring in the third to fifth decades of life. Patients were predominantly male (75%) and black (66%). There were 18 deaths (23%), with sepsis being the cause in 10 (56%). Most surgical interventions were conservative, ie, bronchoscopies (48), thoracenteses (43), and tube thoracotomies (39). Thirty-one open thoracotomies were performed for drainage, decortication, or pulmonary resection. The surgical mortality was three cases or 5% of the patients who underwent surgery. The designated incidence of proven AIDS in this series (29%) was low, undoubtedly because many patients refused testing, and the multiple gram-positive and gram-negative infections that were seen did not conform to the Centers for Disease Control criteria for diagnosis and case reporting for AIDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The role of surgery in treating pleuropulmonary suppurative disease--review of 77 cases managed at Queens Hospital Center between 1986 and 1989. 160 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis in adults and otitis media in infants and children and the third cause of meningitis in infants and children. Despite the availability of effective therapeutic agents against this pathogen, mortality has remained high, particularly for infections complicated by bacteremia. For many years, there has been a plea for vaccination. The first steps, using whole bacterial vaccines, were taken during the early decades of this century in the gold mining camps of South Africa, where pneumonia was endemic. The efficacy of purified pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines has since been demonstrated in young adults, such as gold miners and military recruits, as well as for several other groups at risk, such as institutionalized elderly, patients with sickle cell anemia or those who have undergone a splenectomy, and elderly patients with underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic cardiovascular disease, but not in infants and severely immunocompromised patients. Serological studies on the immune response to inoculation of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens have demonstrated a severely impaired antibody response in the last two groups. Therefore, development of more highly immunogenic vaccines, e.g. by linking pneumococcal polysaccharides or parts of them to protein carriers, should be continued in an attempt to offer adequate protection to those who are insufficiently protected by the current 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine. Opportunities to immunize other patients who are at risk for pneumococcal infection and are capable of responding to the current vaccine should not be missed.
 ...
PMID:Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines: indications, efficacy and recommendations. 179 58

Conditions other than underlying cause of death listed on death certificates may provide useful information for epidemiologic research. We explored this possibility for any mention of diabetes, renal diseases, and pneumonia-influenza-bronchitis on death certificates from the Chicago Western Electric Study. When we used any mention, sufficient numbers of deaths for analyses of risk factor associations with diabetes (N = 47), renal diseases (N = 25), and pneumonia-influenza-bronchitis (N = 59) were available; analyses for these risk factors were not possible using underlying cause of death alone (N = 3, 6, and 16, respectively). Using Cox regression, we observed positive associations of age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body mass index, and cigarettes smoked per day with any mention of diabetes or renal disease. Age, systolic blood pressure, and cigarettes smoked per day were positively related to any mention of pneumonia-influenza-bronchitis; serum cholesterol and body mass index were inversely related to this endpoint. Whether we identified cardiovascular disease deaths using underlying cause, other mention, or any mention, the relations of established major risk factors with 25-year mortality were similar.
 ...
PMID:Conditions other than underlying cause of death listed on death certificates provide additional useful information for epidemiologic research. 191 42

Sixteen pancreatico-duodenal transplants were performed on 15 insulin-dependent diabetics, aged 25-46, during a 20-month period beginning May 1, 1988. Fourteen patients received a combined cadaveric pancreas/renal transplant with bladder drainage. One patient received a second pancreas transplant 24 hours after the first pancreas graft failed due to portal vein thrombosis. One patient received a pancreas graft 3 years after kidney transplantation. Complications included five cases of hematuria, two bladder leaks, two wound infections, one cytomegalovirus pneumonia, three cases of graft pancreatitis, one pseudocyst, one urine reflux pancreatitis requiring conversion to pancreatico-enterostomy, and two late deaths. Average time to discharge was 17 days following transplant, with 2.9 re-hospitalizations per patient and an average of 38 in-hospital days during the first 6-12 months. Seventeen rejection episodes occurred in 12 patients, diagnosed by declining urine amylase and pH and/or finding of rejection on kidney biopsy. Patient and kidney graft survival is 87 per cent. Pancreas graft survival is 81 per cent (1-20 months follow-up). All patients are insulin-independent and normoglycemic. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin concentration is 4.0 +/- 0.9 post-transplant vs. 7.5 +/- 0.6 pretransplant. Mean serum creatinine is 1.4 +/- 0.7 mg/dl. A new program of pancreas transplantation can be successful in carefully selected diabetic patients, with special attention to avoidance of preservation injury to the pancreas during multiorgan donor procurement. Combined pancreatic/renal transplantation is believed to be the therapeutic treatment of choice in Type I diabetic patients who have impaired renal function and have no significant cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Pancreas transplantation. A new program. 199 66

A study of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease was conducted. Cardiovascular disease was responsible for 60.9% of all deaths with coronary artery disease--not only the main cause of cardiovascular death but also the main cause of all natural deaths--accounting for 45.1% of such cases. Diseases of the central nervous and respiratory systems accounted for 8.7 and 8.6%, respectively, of the natural deaths. Seizure disorders and pneumonia were the main causes of death in these organ systems. There were 124 deaths of children less than one year in age, 91 of which were due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). All of the SIDS deaths were in children less than 10 months old.
 ...
PMID:Natural death as viewed by the medical examiner: a review of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease. 200 67


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>