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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with leukemia or lymphoma is usually a fatal infection. However, difficulty in obtaining a premortem diagnosis has often prevented an adequate trial of anti-fungal chemotherapy. In this report, nine cases of aspergillus pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancy were diagnosed during a one-year period. Five of nine patients had a premortem diagnosis (56%) and eight of nine (89%) received a premortem trial of amphotericin B. Two of nine patients survived infection, including one patient with prolonged neutropenia. Better diagnostic methods and wider use of antifungal chemotherapy may improve prognosis for aspergillus infection in patients with hematologic malignancy.
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PMID:Aspergillus pneumonia in hematologic malignancy. Improvements in diagnosis and therapy. 86 47

Spontaneous peritonitis in adults has not been previously reported to occur in association with ascites of neoplastic origin. We report a patient with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in whom spontaneous streptococcus pneumonia peritonitis occurred as a terminal event. Massive metastases may have resulted in significant loss of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system and impaired the capability of the liver to function as an effective bacterial filter, predisposing the patient to bacterial peritonitis.
Cancer 1977 May
PMID:Spontaneous streptococcus pneumonia peritonitis in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer: a case report and etiologic consideration. 87 Jan 72

Twenty-five patients with inoperable carcinoma and lymphoma were given pyrazofurin (pf) by iv bolus at a dose level ranging from 100 to 300 mg/m2 of estimated body surface area. In addition, five patients with acute leukemia were given PF by infusion at doses ranging from 250 mg/m2/24 hours to 1500 mg/m2/144 hours. PF was well tolerated by most patients at doses of 100 mg/m2 given as an iv bolus weekly or 250 mg/m2 given every 2-3 weeks. However, an infusion of 750 mg/m2 given over a period of 72-120 hours to leukemic patients resulted in severe but reversible toxicity; 1500 mg/m2 of PF given over a 144-hour period to one patient resulted in the development of severe mucocutaneous toxicity and leukopenia. The patient died of hemorrhagic pneumonitis. The major toxic effects observed were mucosal (oral pain, cheilosis, redness, and oral and lip ulcers), cutaneous (erythema, erosion, and bullae), and hematologic (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia). The mucosal manifestations appear to be the dose-limiting toxic factors in most patients. Toxic reactions were more pronounced in patients who had previously received radiotherapy; dose-limiting hematologic toxic reactions occurred in four. After treatment with PF, one of the four patients with breast carcinoma had a partial response (greater than 50% regression) lasting 5 weeks. Another patient with breast carcinoma improved for about 1 month.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Initial clinical study with pyrazofurin. 87 39

The records of 360 patients with malignant lymphoma treated with various forms of combination chemotherapy from 1966 to 1974 were reviewed. A total of 181 infections was found in 125 patients. The most frequent types of infection were pneumonia (31%), skin infections (17%), urinary tract infections (13%) and septicemia (11%). An etiologic organism was was identified in 133 infections (73%). The most common causative organisms were bacteria (77%), especially gram-negative bacilli. Viral infections accounted for 18% of the infections with 21 of the 24 being due to herpes zoster. These were more frequently found in patients with Hodgkin's disease (14/21) than in the other lymphomas. Among patients with Hodgkin's disease, 53% treated with COP developed infections compared to only 27% treated with MOPP (p = 0.039). Among patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, infections were more frequent in patients treated with Adriamycin containing combinations than with COP. Neutropenia (i.e. less than 1,000 neutrophils/mm3) was associated with 35% of infections in this study and was seen more often in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.048).
Cancer 1977 Mar
PMID:Infections in patients with malignant lymphoma treated with combination chemotherapy. 91 45

During a 12-month period, 43 consecutive episodes of new fever in neutropenic cancer patients were evaluated. A two-drug combination of cephalothin, gentamicin or carbenicillin was used empirically for each episode. Overall mortality for this series was 28%. Microbiologic documentation of infection occurred in only nine of 43 episodes but a probable site of infection was observed in 14 others. The lungs were the most common site of infection and pneumonia was associated with a 100% fatal outcome. Despite the large number of febrile episodes with no infectious isolates, response to empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics was common (n = 23) and was associated with 4% mortality compared to 55% mortality in episodes with no response. Superinfection occurred only in patients treated with antibiotics longer than 7 days (4 of 30). Bone marrow recovery was associated with lower mortality but was not essential for survival. The routine use of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics for all unexplained febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients has led to an increased frequency of culture-negative episodes. Care must be taken to avoid over-use of these empiric drugs.
Cancer 1977 Mar
PMID:Fever, neutropenia and malignancy: a clinical syndrome in evolution. 91 64

Authors on the base of the study of clinical history and autopsy protocols of 260 patients died in 1974 in the Institute of Oncology of Hungary from oncological diseases established, that the proportion of decised younger 30 years and the number of those older 70 years increased in comparison with 1964. In the autopsy material the most frequent were tumours of the lymphoid-myeloid system, then followed the frequency of the tumours of the breast and urogenital tract, the least frequent were the tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Number of the primary multiplex tumours during the last 10 years increased from 1,5 per cent to 5,5 per cent. In 23,5 per cent of the cases medica negligence or that of the patient itself could be proved. The clinical and the pathological diagnosis did not correlate in 35,9 per cent of the cases studied. The most common unrecognized complication was pneumonia. Surgical treatment appeared to be most effective in cases of the cancer of the breast. The average age of the patients suriving for a longer period after the operation was 62,8 years, which seems to evidence, that prognosis of oncological diseases in older ages is better than in younger. In comparison with the data in 1964 number of cases with five year surviving increased by 3,7 per cent. This was striking first of all in cases of lymphoid-myeloid tumours.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological experiences in oncologic diseases]. 92 48

The mortality and prevalence of ALS in the various countries of Finland was studied. The work was based on death certificates derived from a 10-year period from 1963 to 1972, and altogether 421 cases were found. The mean duration of the disease was 2.7 years, and the mean age at death was 61.2 years. The average annual mortality rate was 0.91 per 100,000. The male to female ratio was 0.87 to 1, males outnumbered females only in age groups under 65. Some clustering of the cases seems to be taking place in the south-eastern part of the country. The rural to urban distribution of the patients' places of birth and domiciles did not differ markedly from that of thw whole population. After ALS itself pneumonia was the most common direct cause of death. Of other significant conditions coded in the death certificates schizophrenia and cancer did not occur more often than could be expected by chance. No evidence of inheritance of the disease was found.
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PMID:The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland. A study based on the death certificates of 421 patients. 95 May 75

The bronchial washings of 58 patients with benign and neoplastic conditions involving the lungs were evaluated for immunoglobulin content. Levels in the washings from the diseased lung were compared with those from the normal contralateral lung. In normal patients and those with either bilateral inflammatory diseases or unilateral bronchiectasis or tuberculosis, the mean variation in igA/K and igG/K ratios between diseased and uninvolved lungs was minimal. In unilateral pneumonitis, however, igG/K was markedly elevated (P less than 0.01). Significant changes in the igA/K occurred on the affected side in patients with cancer. In the group with squamous-cell cancer. the mean elevation was 4.6 times that of contralateral lung (P less than 0.005), whereas with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, the rise was 6.4 and 2.8 times, respecitvely (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.01). Thus, carcinoma appears to alter local immunoglobulin production in the affected lung as compared to its normal counterpart. (N Engl J Med 295:694-698, 1976).
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PMID:Immunoglobulin content in the bronchial washings of patients with benign and malignant pulmonary disease. 95 43

The causes of mortality and frequency of diseases were tabulated in 304 autopsies performed at Hopital Mama Yemo, Kinshasa, between July 1973 and December 1974. 78 of these autopsies were performed on subjects who died at Hopital Mama Yemo, 36 encompassed subjects from other hospitals, and 190 were of medicolegal cases in which the cause of death was not apparent from external examination. Men comprised 63.5% of autopsied cases. The mean age was 30.19 +or- 1.31 for men and 19.84 +or- 1.76 for women. 16.8% of deaths were due to homicide, 6.3% to suicide, and 8.9% to accidents, yielding an overall prevalence for trauma of 32%. Cancer accounted for only 3% of deaths, and cardiovascular diseases 8.2%. Bacterial infections (predominantly streptococcal disease, lobar pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis) represented the largest single cause of death (17.4%). Parasitic infections comprised a further 6.3% of mortality and viral infections 7.2%, giving infectious diseases a combined frequency of 30.9%. Metabolic diseases were responsible for an additional 11.8% of deaths. Obstetric causes were identified in 3.9% of fatalities, and 95% of these cases represented hemorrhagic and septic complications of illegal abortion. Neonatal deaths (4.3%) were largely due to pneumonitis from aspirated amniotic fluid. A final 5.9% of deaths were unexplained. Also analyzed were cases of sudden death occurring outside the hospitals. 31.3% of these deaths were attributed to cardiovascular diseases and 46.3% to infection (including 2.5% due to septic abortion). Finally, the frequency of major diseases in this series was tabulated. Malaria was most frequently found (41.8%), followed by intravascular erythrocytic sickling (18.3%) and hypertension (16%). 12% of females in this series (20% of those dying traumatically) showed evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. This series is considered to overestimate the frequency of trauma because of the large number of medicolegal cases that fall in this category. This selection for trauma further led to an oversampling of adult men. Nonetheless, it represents the 1st and best qualitative estimate of disease mortality and prevalence in Zaire. The trends in mortality and morbidity identified through this study provide a basis for planning health care and health education.
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PMID:Autopsy analysis of disease frequency in Kinshasa, Republic of Zaire. 96 86

An attempt was made to determine the frequency of lung cancer occurrence in different inflammatory processes in the bronchi and pulmonary tissue. 100 cases of lung cancer were studied according to case reports and autopsy finding, the main tumor node and metastases were explored histologically. The data obtained indicated that in 2.2% of cases the development of cancer was preceded by influenza with residual phenomenon such as purulent bronchitis or pneumonia, in 2.3% of cases cancer occurrence was found to be dependent on chronic pneumonia. In 12.1% of cases cancer has arisen in fibrous-focal or cirrhotic tuberculosis with the presence of old caverns; in 14.7% of cases its development was related with pneumosclerosis and bronchiectases, and in 17.8% of cases it developed against the background of purulent bronchitis.
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PMID:[Lung cancer in chronic inflammatory processes of the bronchi and pulmonary tissue]. 96 40


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