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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-five cases of clinical Stage III and Stage IV lymphosarcoma primarily treated by total body irradiation (TBI) are reported. Fifteen cases demonstrated nodular histology and 10 demonstrated diffuse histology by the Rappaport criteria. Treatments were 15 rad given twice weekly, calculated to midpelvis, to a total dose of 150 rad. Toxicity was confined to thrombocytopenia, one-third of patients requiring interruptions in the treatment course to allow platelet count recovery. Five patients had additional local irradiation. Complete responses were seen in 80% of patients and partial responses in 20%. Sixteen patients (64%) have been in continuous, unmaintained remission since treatments for variable periods to 39 months. Of 9 patients with clinically recurrent disease, 3 received further TBI and are in remission, 3 are in remission on chemotherapy, one patient has died, failing on all therapy, and 2 have not been treated. One patient died of pneumonia at 12 months, without clinical evidence of disease. Overall, actuarial survival is 87% at 2 years and compares well with survival in a sequential combination drug treated group of patients matched for age, sex, and histology, though differences are not statistically significant in these small groups. Total body irradiation is an effective systemic agent in the management of advanced lymphosarcoma and should be considered in treating this disease.
Br J Cancer Suppl 1975 Mar
PMID:Advanced lymphosarcoma treated by total body irradiation. 81 Jan 55

Twenty-three children with various stages and morphologic types of leukemia were treated with multiple granulocyte transfusions obtained by filtration leukapheresis when neutropenia-associated infection appeared unresponsive to antibiotics. All children meeting the above qualifications were given granulocyte transfusions during this time period. Twenty-one of 23 became afebrile during or shortly after the transfusions; one died with disseminated Herpes simplex; and one became well enough to be discharged, although he was never free of fever. Frequent mild to moderate fever and chills were noted. One child developed a severe pulmonary reaction followed by resolution of pneumonia. Filtration leukapheresis is a useful adjunct in controlling severe infections in neutropenic children.
Cancer 1976 Sep
PMID:Granulocyte transfusions in children using filter-collected cells. 82 3

Included in this evaluation of serologic tests for American pneumocystis pneumonia is a summary of results reported from an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test and a comparison of results of the immunodiffusion, complement-fixation, and double diffusion tests. Athough IF was the most sensitive, it dectected only a third of the infections. Specificity of the test was good when serum titers greater than or equal to 1:16 were considered postive. Results of test sera in both European and American laboratories suggested that the low level of measurable antibody in American sera real and not due to technical error. These findings are compatible with the concept that two types of population may be infected with Pneumocystis organisms, one type associated with plasma cell pneumonia and the second with hypoergic pneumocystosis in immunosuppressed patients. Analysis by double diffusion to test antigens revealed their antigenic complexity. Most components, were indentified or partially identified with host elements, and no purely parastic antigens were demonstrated. When cysts isolated from animals and humans were tested, results suggested that they shared at least some common antigens.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1976 Oct
PMID:Serology of pneumocystosis. 82 39

The incidence of radiation pneumonitis was determined in 43 patients following a single fraction half body (UHB) irradiation. Radiographs taken before and at least 4 months after UHB treatment were scored for evidence of pneumonitis. Nine patients received only pulmonary irradiation from the UHB treatment. There was no evidence of radiation pneumonitis in eight for whom there was adequate follow up. From this and other supportive evidence presented in this retrospective study, it is suggested that a total lung irradiation of 800 rads produces no changes that can be seen radiographically, provided there has been no previous major pulmonary irradiation or concurrent malignant pulmonary disease. In patients who received additional mediastinal irradiation, severe changes appeared within this field while mild to moderate radiographic changes were seen outside the mediastinal field.
Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:The incidence of radiation pneumonitis as a result of single fraction upper half body irradiation. 83 53

In light of the variable clinical expression and bone marrow plasmacytosis of multiple myeloma, we studied prospectively the prevalence and clinical correlates of bone marrow plasmacytosis in 133 anemic medical inpatients. Seventeen patients (13%) had 5% or more, and four patients (3%) had 10% or more marrow plasma cells. Only two patients (with plasmacytosis of 7.4% and 46.2%, respectively) had multiple myeloma. Lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis, abscess) accounted for 41% of the cases of plasmacytosis. We found that plasmacytosis correlated with the severity of pneumonia and that active pulmonary tuberculosis was usually associated with notable plasmac. ytosis. Cancer and liver disease were not important causes of plasmacytosis in this study. There was a correlation between plasmacytosis and serum hyperglobulinemia. A correlation between advancing age of the patients and increasing prevalence of plasmacytosis was attributed in part to an increasing prevalence of serious illness with age. However, some elderly patients with apparently benign disorders had unexplained plasmacytosis.
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PMID:Clinical correlates of bone marrow plasmacytosis. 84 86

Analysis of the clinical and autopsy reports of 200 deaths following surgery for colorectal cancer from 1956 to 1974, at the Dept. of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, revealed that pneumonia (24.5%) was the most common cause of death followed by peritonitis (22%), pulmonary embolism (15.5%), advanced tumor disease (14%), cardiac failure (9.5%), ileus (5.5%), and others (9%). The explanation for the postoperative mortality rate of 12% (cancer of colon) and 13.2% (cancer of rectum) lies in the fact that 82.5% of those who died postoperatively were beyond the age of 60, and 40.5% beyond 70 years at the time of surgery. Moreover, in 50.5% advanced tumors with regional and/or distant metastases were found. In 55.5% severe preoperative complications (ileus: 38%, peritonitis: 11%, abscess formation or hemorrhage: 6.5%) required an emergency operation. Only 38.5% of the procedures were considered for cure. Besides the need for early recognition of the cancer, intensification of pre- and postoper treatment appears to be the predominant task in the effort to decrease postoperative mortality.
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PMID:[Analysis of postoperative deaths in colon and rectal cancer (author's transl)]. 84 78

In a retrospective review of 53 patients, 58 episodes of infection due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus (Herellea vaginicola) were studied. Although the organism is widely distributed in nature, it is of relatively low virulence since colonization is more frequently noted than infection and since most infections occur in patients subjected to the epidemiologic pressures common to nosocomial, gram-negative bacillary infection: prior antibiotic therapy; instrumentation and manipulation (e.g., endotracheal intubation, urinary bladder catheterization, arterial and venous cannulation); surgery; hospitalization, especially with residence in an intensive care unit; severe underlying disease, either systemic (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy) or localized to the infected area (e.g., prior bacterial or aspirational pneumonia, trauma). Pneumonia was the most common infection due to A. calcoaceticus, and occurred only in patients with a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube in place. In over half the 25 patients, more than one lobe was involved and bronchopneumonia was the usual roentgenographic appearance. Cavitation (2 patients) and empyema formation (3 patients) were uncommon. The severity of acinetobacter pneumonia is reflected in the high mortality rate (44% overall, with a 36% mortality rate due primarily to infection). Tracheobronchitis due to A. calcoaceticus was less severe than pneumonia since no patients died primarily as a result of the infection. Urinary tract infections occurred in five patients, none of whom were ill and none of whom died. Urinary bladder catheterization was thought to be responsible for infection in three patients, and in at least four of the five patients infection was restricted to the lower tract. Wound infections were noted in six patients who had undergone surgery and were related to the presence of foreign bodies in the operative site in five of the patients. Surgical debridement and/or drainage of the infected area was the primary therapeutic measure employed in most cases. Only one patient died and this was a result of noninfectious causes. Skin infection due to A. calcoaceticus was seen in two patients, one of whom exhibited fulminant, fatal cellulitis and septicemia in the setting of pancytopenia. All nine patients with acinetobacter septicemia had received antecedent antibiotic therapy, and in all cases intravenous catheters were in place at the time bacteremia occurred. Clinically, seven of the nine patients were in shock. The mortality rate was 44% overall, with a 22% mortality rate due to infection. Although septicemia was thought to be "line-related" in five of the nine patients, serious post-bacteremic complications developed in three patients: prosthetic valve endocarditis, suppurative thrombophlebitis and subhepatic abscess.
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PMID:Infections with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Herellea vaginicola): clinical and laboratory studies. 84 90

One hundred adults with unilateral diffuse lung opacity have been studied. Seventy cases involve the right lung. Lymphangitic cancer, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, aspiration, and radiation injury account for the majority of cases (90%). Unilateral pulmonary edema is usually right sided, and, frequently, the heart is not enlarged. Unilateral lymphangitic spread of cancer is usually right sided and most often due to a primary lesion in the involved lung. Occasionally a cancer outside the lung may spread unilaterally.
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PMID:Unilateral diffuse lung opacity; Differential diagnosis with emphasis on lymphangitic spread of cancer. 84 83

Although elevated amylase levels in serum, pleural fluid, and extracts of tumor tissue in primary lung cancer have been reported, electrophoretic and column-chromatographic studies have not revealed the ectopic production of amylase but have merely shown an increase of amylase activity of chiefly the salivary type in these materials. The present study was designed to make clear the nature of the amylase or amylase-like substance in the serum, pleural fluid and tumor extracts, and to determine whether amylase might be produced ectopically in tumor tissues. Our data not only confirmed that the hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer was due to an increase in salivary type isoamylases, but also showed that the same isoamylase pattern occurs in serum, pleural fluids, and diseased lung tissue of patients with pneumonia. However, the elution pattern of amylase in these materials in column-chromatography on Sephadex G-75 Superfine was different from that of salivary amylase. On the basis of our observations, it seems reasonable to conclude that the salivary type hyperamylasemia in some cases of primary lung cancer may be due to an increase in the amylase contained in normal lung tissues, resulting from activation and release into the blood stream by some inflammatory process. However, ectopic production of amylase was demonstrated in one particular case of primary lung cancer in which a high amylase content and a peculiar isoamylase were found both in the primary and metastatic lesions.
Cancer 1977 Apr
PMID:Amylase in the lung. 85 49

A clinical efficacy study of amikacin in the treatment of 15 adults with nonbacteremic, gram-negative bacillary pneumonia is presented. All patients had serious underlying illnesses (11 organic heart disease, five chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, one cancer); 11 had undergone major surgical procedures. All had required respiratory assistance during their hospitalization and all had recently received other antibiotics. Thirteen of 15 patients showed clinical improvement with amikacin therapy; the pathogen was also eradicated in 10 of the 13. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration of amikacin for the 17 isolated pathogens was 3.13 microng/ml. The mean peak serum concentration of amikacin was 17.7 microng/ml. No evidence of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity was seen. Seventy-three case reports submitted to the manufacturer by multiple investigators of patients with gram-negative pneumonia, treated with amikacin, are also reviewed. All isolated pathogens were sensitive to both amikacin and gentamicin. Fifty-four (74%) of these patients showed improvement with amikacin therapy.
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PMID:Amikacin in the treatment of gram-negative pneumonia. 86 12


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