Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case is reported of a patient who developed a vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae. The organism was isolated in cultures of blood and vertebral puncture biopsy samples. The patient was satisfactorily treated with trimethroprim and sulphamethoxazole. Enterobacter cloacae, a Gram negative organism, has been confirmed as the cause of bacteremia in patients with burns, urinary infections, in adults with pneumonia, and in children with joint infections. Spondylodiscitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae has not previously been described.
 ...
PMID:Infectious discitis caused by Enterobacter cloacae. 163 68

A commercially available agar gel diffusion (AGD) assay was used to investigate the teichoic acid antibody (TAA) response in 183 patients with proven Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections. Two control groups were also investigated. One consisted of 100 hospitalized patients with a variety of medical and surgical conditions other than SA infection and the other consisted of 116 healthy hospital staff members. The sensitivity of the AGD assay varied markedly depending on the site of infection in the patients with proven SA infections. All patients with SA endocarditis developed positive TAA titres (greater than or equal to 1:4), although more than one third of these were initially negative. In patients with chronic osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, 41% had positive TAA titres, whereas no positive titres were detected in patients with acute osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Lower rates of positive TAA titres were found in patients with deep abscesses (27%), pneumonia (14%) and post-operative infections (9%), but no positive titres occurred in patients with acute uncomplicated bacteremia, cellulitis or meningitis. In 100 hospitalized control patients, no positive titres were detected, and only 1 of 116 (0.9%) healthy hospital staff controls was positive. Suggested guidelines for the use of the AGD assay are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Detection of teichoic acid antibodies in Staphylococcus aureus infections. 164 Dec 54

A two-year randomized prospective survey on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients of Hua Shan Hospital from 1985 to 1987 was carried out. Altogether 1,826 patients were enrolled in the study, the incidence of nosocomial infection being 13.1%. The incidence in dermatology ward was the highest (19.8%), then in order of frequency; medical ward 16.5%, surgical ward 14.8%, ward of neurology 13.7%, ward of neurosurgery 12.7% etc. Regarding the location of infection, lower respiratory tract infection was the most frequent (45.2%), followed by urinary tract infection (18%), wound infection (10%), biliary tract infection (7.5%), and bacteremia (5%). Out of 271 nosocomial strains of pathogens, 180 were Gram negative organisms (66.4%), among which P. aeruginosa accounted for 13.3%, K. pneumonia 12.2%, E. coli 8.9%, Acinetobacter sp 7.7%, and Enterobacter sp 7.7%. Gram positive cocci accounted for 22.9%; fungi 10.7%, candida sp. being the commonest. Results of bacterial susceptibility testing showed that the nosocomial strains were more resistant to commonly used antibiotics than the community strains, such as the resistance of E coli to ampicillin, P. aeruginosa to polymyxin B, S. aureus to lincomycin and gentamicin. Multiply factor analysis was done by Logistic regression model in 1,826 hospitalized patients, nine factors being statistically significant. Nosocomial infection is becoming increasingly important, it is imperative to have more intensive epidemiological surveillance data and to take effective control measures.
 ...
PMID:[A two-year prospective survey on nosocomial infections]. 165 Jun 40

Multiple benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy after marrow transplantation have been reported, including decreased incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection, sepsis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis and platelet use. To test the hypothesis that the observed beneficial effects of IVIG are related to the serum IgG levels achieved, we followed IgG levels (pre-infusion, 1 h and 24 h post-infusion) in 45 consecutive marrow transplant recipients. IVIG 500 mg/kg was given weekly for six doses starting day -8 pre-transplant, then every other week for a total of 11 doses. Forty-one patients (22 allogeneic, 17 autologous, two syngeneic) were evaluable. Patients with acute GVHD had significantly lower serum IgG trough levels (less than 1200 mg/dl) noted at day +20 post-transplant and afterwards than patients without GVHD (greater than or equal to 1200 mg/dl). Pharmacokinetic modeling of the data indicates that IgG half-life between day -8 and day +6 may predict which recipients are at increased risk of acute GVHD. Allogeneic recipients in the group with trough levels less than 1200 mg/dl required more platelet transfusions. Although there was no significant difference in fungal infection rates or bacteremia, sepsis was noted in only two recipients (one allogeneic, one autologous), both with serum IgG trough levels less than 1200 mg/dl. In addition, three allogeneic recipients had cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, all in the group with lower IgG trough levels. Thus, while serum IgG trough levels less than 1200 mg/dl appear to be strongly associated with acute GVHD, low levels may also be associated with increased platelet utilization, with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, and sepsis, but not with the overall incidence of infection.
 ...
PMID:Some but not all benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy after marrow transplantation appear to correlate with IgG trough levels. 165 38

We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the impact of central venous catheters (CVCs) and antiretroviral therapy on the frequency and the patterns of bacterial infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus during a 3-year period. Among 204 bacterial infections other than otitis media reviewed, soft tissue infection (n = 69), bacteremia (n = 57), pneumonia (n = 27) and sinusitis (n = 27) were encountered most frequently. Catheter-related staphylococcal infection was the most common infection in children with CVCs, particularly in those who were less than 6 years old. In children without CVCs, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent organism. Younger children had more CVC-related infections whereas children with lower CD4 counts had more CVC-related and CVC-unrelated infections. A lower frequency of CVC-unrelated infections was detected in patients who received antiretroviral therapy, especially those receiving a continuous infusion of zidovudine. These data suggest that increased frequency and altered patterns of bacterial infections are associated with the use of CVCs in these patients, but antiretroviral therapy may reduce the frequency of CVC-unrelated infections.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children: the impact of central venous catheters and antiretroviral agents. 166 Oct 3

Serratia marcescens bacteremia has become ubiquitous recently. S. marcescens bacteremia, either hospital- or community-acquired, can no longer be treated as insignificant. We reviewed 23 episodes of S. marcescens bacteremia in 1985. Among them, 17 patients (74%) were hospital-acquired infections, while 6 (26%) were community-acquired. Nine patients died, and the case fatality rate was 39%. Eleven patients (48%) had no clinically apparent source of infection, 5 (22%) had urinary tract infection, 3 (13%) had pneumonia, 2 (9%) had biliary tract infection, 1 (4%) had intra-abdominal infection, and 1 (4%) had skin and soft-tissue infection. Nosocomial isolates are often resistant to many antibiotics. Amikacin and the beta-lactamase-stable (third generation) cephalosporins are superior to gentamicin in the treatment of nosocomial S. marcescens bacteremia. We here emphasize that the awareness and treatment of S. marcescens bacteremia in daily clinical practice is unequivocally critical.
 ...
PMID:Serratia marcescens bacteremia. 167 15

We report a multicentric, open trial of intravenous followed by oral ofloxacin, 400 mg every 12 h, as therapy for 100 cases of nosocomial pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The typical subject was 57 yr old, and underlying diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure, were common. For 10 subjects previous therapy had failed. There were 118 pathogens isolated in blood or sputum; S. pneumoniae was the most common (42), followed by H. influenzae (13), Klebsiella spp. (11), and S. aureus (10). Ofloxacin was administered for an average of 5.7 days intravenously followed by 6.9 days orally. Response to therapy was judged to be cure in 71 subjects, improvement in 24, and failure in 5. Among the more seriously ill subjects, ofloxacin therapy was successful for four of five immunocompromised subjects, for 12 of 12 subjects with nosocomial pneumonia, three of whom were on the ventilator, and for nine of 10 subjects with community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia, including seven of eight cases due to S. pneumoniae. Univariate risk factor analysis revealed underlying COPD and/or tachypnea upon admission to be associated with failure of ofloxacin therapy, with bacteremia suggestive of failure. Conversely, ofloxacin was equally effective in cases in whom previous therapy failed and in cases of nosocomial pneumonia, multilobar pneumonia, and/or pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae. Results for P. aeruginosa were inconclusive. Intravenous followed by oral ofloxacin was highly effective in many difficult cases of pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Parenteral followed by oral ofloxacin for nosocomial pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. 173 95

Between 1980 and 1990 12 patients (5 male, 7 female) were operated on for acute infectious pericarditis at a mean age of 42 years. The infections were 6 bacterial (purulent 4, abscess 2), 4 tuberculous, 1 viral and 1 Candida. Pericarditis resulted from contiguous spread of infection from bilateral pneumonia in 3 patients, from subphrenic abscess in 2 and followed bacteremia in 1. Clinical signs were: tamponade/shock in 9, elevated jugular venous pressure in 11, edema in 6, hepatomegaly in 6, ascites in 1, and pericardial friction rub in 3. A preoperative pericardiocentesis in 9 patients allowed only 4 positive microbiological diagnoses and was an insufficient drainage in all cases. The preoperative mean NYHA class was 3.3. The pericardectomy was total in 9 patients and partial in 3. Total mortality was 1/12 patients (8%) with one late death due to recurrent tuberculous pericarditis. No patient with purulent pericarditis died. Another recurrence occurred 6 months after acute viral pericarditis. Atrial fibrillation in one patient was the only postoperative complication. After a mean follow-up period of 48.5 months no cardiac constriction had occurred in 11 surviving patients Actuarial survival after pericardectomy is 100% after 1 month and remains 91% after 5 years. The mean NYHA class has significantly improved to 1.2 (p less than 0.05) at the end of the follow-up. We conclude that pericardectomy combined with a specific antimicrobial therapy is a safe treatment for acute infectious and especially purulent pericarditis with low mortality and excellent longterm results. Early pericardectomy allows rapid decompression of the heart, removal of intrapericardial adhesions and infected tissue and prevents late constriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Pericardectomy and acute infectious pericarditis]. 173 22

Despite significant advances in obstetric and pediatric health care, group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GBS) remains one of the most prevalent and devastating pathogens in peripartum women and their newborn infants. It may cause urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis and endometritis, bacteremia, and cesarean wound infection in the peripartum period. Moreover, GBS accounts for nearly 50% of serious neonatal bacterial infections. Approximately three in every 1,000 children born in the United States acquire pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis from GBS, with combined mortality and morbidity exceeding 50% despite appropriate antibiotic and supportive therapy. Estimates indicate that more than 10,000 infants are affected annually, at a cost of more than $300 million. Neonatal disease is divided into early- and late-onset syndromes: The illness emerging after six days of age differs in terms of GBS serotype, clinical manifestations, and outcome from the disseminated process seen in earlier onset. We describe two infants infected with GBS and discuss risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and options for disease prevention in the peripartum woman and her infant.
 ...
PMID:Group B streptococcus infection in mother and child. 174 82

Infections are frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis, as their defenses against infectious agents are altered. But bacteremia occurring in cirrhotic patients has seldom been reported in the literature. From 1981 to 1986, we collected 197 cases with 228 episodes of bacteremia for this retrospective study. The incidence of bacteremia in cirrhotic patients was 8.8%; no significant difference was noted between cirrhotic patients with variant etiologies of HBV(+), HBV(-) and alcohol. But the incidence increased with the severity of the disease (1%, 4.8%, 17.1% in Child's A, B, C groups, respectively). Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms of bacteremia (75.6%). Among them, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Aeromonas hydrophilia were the three most commonly detected microorganisms. Gram-positive bacterias were detected in 21.2% of patients with bacteremia, with predominance of the Streptococcus group and Staphylococcus aureus. In about 26.3% of cases the infectious sources were the same by bacteria cultures as from blood. The most common sources were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary tract infection, pneumonia and biliary tree infection. In cirrhotic patients with and without bacteremia, the mortality rate increased significantly in the bacteremia group (54.8% vs 23.2%, P less than 0.05). By Child's classification, the mortality of patients with classes B and C increased significantly after onset of bacteremia. There was no significant difference in mortality between bacteremic patients in the HBV(+), HBV(-) and alcohol groups. In conclusion, bacteremia is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis and a sign of a poor prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Bacteremia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. 177 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>