Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of alcohol intoxication at the time of injury on hospital outcome was evaluated in 520 adult patients diagnosed with brain injury who were admitted to the emergency department of Harborview Medical Center. Data were collected for each subject's status from field intervention through hospitalization. Serum alcohol levels were measured from blood drawn in the emergency room, and the subjects were stratified into two groups: intoxicated (> or = 100 mg/dL, n = 191) and nonintoxicated (< 100 mg/dL, n = 329). Compared with subjects who were not intoxicated, intoxicated patients were more likely to be intubated in the field or emergency department (relative risk [RR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-1.5), require placement of an intracranial pressure bolt (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8), develop respiratory distress requiring ventilatory assistance during hospitalization (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.3), or develop pneumonia (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9-2.2). The similarities in the clinical presentation of patients with acute brain injury and those who are intoxicated appear to influence prehospital care and also suggest that a more objective assessment of cerebral injury than provided by clinical diagnostic measures alone is required, thus accounting for the elevated likelihood of intracranial pressure monitoring in intoxicated trauma patients.
 ...
PMID:The effects of alcohol intoxication on the initial treatment and hospital course of patients with acute brain injury. 146 20

High alcohol consumption is one of the major risk indicators for premature death in middle-aged men. An indicator of alcohol abuse--registration with the social authorities for alcoholic problems--was used to evaluate the role of alcohol in relation to general and cause-specific mortality in a general population sample. Altogether 1,116 men (11%) out of a total population of 10,004 men were registered for alcoholic problems. Total mortality during 11.8 years' follow-up was 10.4% among the non-registered men, compared to 20.5% among men with occasional convictions for drunkenness and 29.6% among heavy abusers. Fatal cancer as a whole was not independently associated with alcohol abuse, but oropharyngeal and oesophageal cancers together were seven times more common in the alcohol-registered groups. Total coronary heart disease (CHD) was significantly and independently associated with alcohol abuse, but nearly all the excess CHD mortality among the alcohol-registered men could be attributed to sudden coronary death. Cases with definite recent myocardial infarction were not more common in the alcoholic population. A combined effect of coronary arteriosclerosis and heart muscle damage secondary to alcohol abuse is suggested. Other causes of death strongly associated with registration for alcohol abuse include pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and peptic ulcer, as well as death from liver cirrhosis and alcoholism. Of the excess mortality among alcohol-registered subjects, 20.1% could be attributed to CHD, 18.1% to violent death, 13.6% to alcoholism without another diagnosis and 11.1% to liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Alcoholic intemperance, coronary heart disease and mortality in middle-aged Swedish men. 342 75

The purpose of this analysis was to study the proportion of deaths in the forensic autopsy service that occur in the absence of any witnesses and what is the incidence of the witnessed sudden and unexpected natural deaths. The material comprised all 799 adult males (25--64 years) autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki in 1976. In 350 (43.8%) cases the deceased was found dead. Of these unwitnessed deaths 205 were due to various non-natural causes whereas 125 were due to diseases. The incidence of unwitnessed natural death in the province of Uusimaa from which the autopsies came was 45.1 and that of witnessed instant (death within 10 minutes) natural death 33.2 per 100 000 of the respective male population, corresponding to 6.2% and 4.5% of all natural deaths of males in this age group. Cardiovascular and especially ischaemic heart diseases comprised the major proportion of all unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths, whereas pneumonia was the leading category in the remaining cases. Quite often (17.4%) chronic alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver or moderate alcohol intoxication were recorded as contributing factors to the unwitnessed and sudden and unexpected natural deaths from cardiovascular and other diseases.
 ...
PMID:Sudden and unexpected natural deaths of adult males. An analysis of 799 forensic autopsies in 1976. 720 23

A Japanese man with a variety of neurological complications, had drunk Japanese rice wine (sake) daily for about 25 years. There was a progressive development of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and mental deterioration by the time he was 32. He died of pneumonia at age 50 and the autopsy revealed Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD), striatal degeneration, pseudolaminar sclerosis of Morel, atrophy of the corpus mamillare and pons, cortical cerebellar atrophy, pseudopellagra, and polyneuropathy. This is the first case of MBD in a Japanese related to the ingestion of Japanese "sake", and it is also a rare case in that almost all of the neurological complications seen with chronic alcoholism were apparent. Striatal degeneration seems to be a rare complication of chronic alcoholism.
 ...
PMID:Marchiafava-Bignami disease, striatal degeneration, and other neurological complications of chronic alcoholism in a Japanese. 721 Nov 93

The objective of this study was to characterize the association between drug and alcohol intoxication at the time of injury and subsequent complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with burns. A computerized burn database was used to analyze data on 3047 consecutive adult (21 to 75 years) hospitalized patients with burns admitted between January 1982 and August 1994. Data for intoxicated (by history, blood alcohol content, or positive drug screen) and nonintoxicated patients were compared. The same analysis was also conducted on 429 consecutive adolescent patients with burns (ages 14 to 20 years) admitted during the same time period. The incidence of intoxication at the time of burn was 6.9%. No significant differences in age, sex, race, or burn size were noted. Intoxicated patients had a higher incidence of associated injuries. Skin graft loss, cellulitis, donor site conversion, hypotension, and pneumonia were more common in the intoxicated group. They also had more intensive care unit admissions, ventilator days, operations, transfusions, and total hospital days. Intoxicated patients had a lower mortality (7.1%) than patients in the control group (10.9%). Intoxication at the time of burn injury is an important predictor of complications in adult patients with burns.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol, drug intoxication, or both at the time of burn injury as a predictor of complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with burns. 895 41

The case of a patient who was driving a car after getting drunk is presented. His car turned over and he fell into an irrigation canal, and, as a result, he suffered from an incomplete drowning syndrome. He was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit with acute inflammatory pneumonia and a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in blood. The patient's evolution was favorable. It is the first report on a case like this in our country.
 ...
PMID:[Aeromonas hydrophila pneumonia associated with a traffic accident. Report of a case]. 976 70

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in rates of pulmonary complications (e.g., aspiration, pneumonia) in head-injured patients with and without concomitant alcohol intoxication. The records of 98 consecutive patients admitted over a 1-year period to a Level I Trauma Center were reviewed. The patients were grouped into three subsets: acutely intoxicated (n = 26), acutely intoxicated with a diagnosis of chronic alcoholism (n = 14), and non-intoxicated (n = 58). Alcohol intoxication was defined as a blood alcohol level (BAL) > or = 0.08 mg/dl. Admission BALs and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were tabulated at admission. Frequency of arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements, need for an artificial airway/mechanical ventilation, and length of stay (LOS) were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance. Intergroup differences in breath sounds were compared by using the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis technique. We found no statistical difference between groups in terms of pulmonary sequelae despite the remarkably high BALs observed in the study groups. Similarly, there was no statistically greater LOS in the groups with alcohol intoxication than in alcohol-free cohorts. Despite a great deal of BAL science research to support our hypothesis, we failed to demonstrate a significantly higher rate of pulmonary problems in inebriated individuals with head injuries. We found that our strict exclusion criteria (no concomitant chest, abdominal, or pelvic trauma) limited the sample to only those patients without significant intracranial bleeding, whereas most complications in blood alcohol neuroscience research have been associated with much larger mass lesions (e.g., epidural or subdural hematomas). In addition, we found the characterizations of patients as chronically alcoholic were cumbersome and inaccurate in many cases. Future research should allow for a greater range of concomitant injuries that might suggest a positive or negative relationship to acute intoxication.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol, head injury, and pulmonary complications. 1149 70

Alcohol intoxication impairs neutrophil function and increases host susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae. In a rat model of pneumonia, the effects of acute intoxication were monitored for lung chemokine responses, neutrophil recruitment, and bactericidal activity. Alcohol delayed lung neutrophil recruitment, increased bacterial burden, and decreased survival. Before neutrophil recruitment, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) were decreased by alcohol. This alcohol-induced effect was reversed at 6 h, when there were large numbers of neutrophils in control BAL fluid, compared with the alcohol-treated group. Cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia decreased neutrophil recruitment, minimizing the effects of recruited neutrophils on chemokine levels, and extended the alcohol-induced chemokine suppression. MIP-2 and CINC mRNA contents also were suppressed by alcohol 4 and 6 h after infection. Thus, alcohol suppresses lung chemokine activity in response to S. pneumoniae, which is associated with delayed neutrophil delivery, elevated bacterial burden, and increased mortality.
 ...
PMID:Acute ethanol intoxication suppresses lung chemokine production following infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1159 36

By means of fingerprinting based on detection of the insertive sequence IS6110 v DNA of M. tuberculosis predigested by the restrictive enzyme PVUII the authors proved epidemiological associations in three patients with bacillary tuberculosis. The primary source of infection was a 44-year-old man, alcoholic and homeless suffering from tuberculosis diagnosed during an episode of ethylic ebriety, discharged prematurely from hospital because of lack of discipline and drunkenness who died after 8 months with a finding of caseous pneumonia. The first contact person was a 53-year-old women suffering from diabetes and hypertension, an auxiliary worker in the laboratory where she probably was infected during manipulation of the patients infected sputum. The other patients was a 49-year-old man, alcoholic, unemployed where a symptomatic tuberculous finding was detected with general weakness, elevated temperatures and expectoration, who most probably was infected by a patient during accidental contact in his domicile. The profiles of RFLP strains of M. tuberculosis of all three patients had an identical appearance of the DF-1 clone formed by seven copies of IS6110. This profile was not found in any of the total of 98 strains of M. tuberculosis examined within the framework of the molecular epidemiological prevalence study of patients with bacillary tuberculosis notified in Prague in 1999.
 ...
PMID:[Human transmission of tuberculosis confirmed by DNA fingerprinting]. 1176 77

Acute alcohol intoxication is a frequent underlying condition associated with traumatic injury. Studies from our laboratory have been designed to examine the early hemodynamic, proinflammatory, and neuroendocrine alterations in responses to hemorrhagic shock in surgically catheterized, conscious, unrestrained, male Sprague-Dawley rats during acute alcohol intoxication (1.75-g/kg bolus, followed by a constant 15-h infusion at a rate of 250-300 mg/kg/h). With both fixed-pressure (40 mm Hg) and fixed-volume (50%) hemorrhagic shock, followed by fluid resuscitation with Ringer's lactate, acute (15 h) alcohol intoxication has been shown to impair significantly the immediate hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory counterregulatory responses to hemorrhagic shock. Alcohol intoxication enhanced hemodynamic instability during blood loss and impaired the recovery of mean arterial blood pressure during fluid resuscitation. Activation of neuroendocrine pathways involved in restoring hemodynamic stability was significantly attenuated in alcohol-intoxicated hemorrhaged animals. The hemodynamic and neuroendocrine impairment is associated with enhanced expression of lung and spleen tumor necrosis factor, and it suppressed circulating neutrophil function. In addition, neuroimmune regulation of cytokine production by spleen-derived macrophages obtained from alcohol-intoxicated hemorrhaged animals was impaired when examined in vitro. We hypothesize that impaired neuroendocrine activation contributes to hemodynamic instability, which, in turn, prolongs tissue hypoperfusion and enhances risk for tissue injury. Specifically, the early dysregulation in counterregulatory responses is hypothesized to affect host defense mechanisms during the recovery period. We examined host response to systemic (cecal ligation and puncture) and localized (pneumonia) infectious challenge in animals recovering from hemorrhage during acute alcohol intoxication. Increased morbidity and mortality from infection were observed in alcohol-intoxicated hemorrhaged animals. Our results indicate that alcohol-induced alterations in early hemodynamic and neuroimmune responses to shock have an impact on susceptibility to an infectious challenge during the early recovery period.
 ...
PMID:Consequences of alcohol-induced early dysregulation of responses to trauma/hemorrhage. 1559 90


1 2 Next >>