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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A field trial was conducted to assess the value of medicated early weaning for obtaining pigs free from some of the pathogens endemic in their herd of origin. The trial comprised 51 sows from a closed herd, which were farrowed in an isolated farrowing house in seven separate groups. The sows in each group were bred at the same time and induced to farrow on the same day. Their thriftiest piglets were weaned at five days of age and moved to an isolated early-weaning unit. At about six weeks of age they were moved to one of three isolated grow-out units where they were held to slaughter weight. Sows in five of the groups were dosed with high levels of tiamulin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide preparations from their entry into the farrowing house until their biggest piglets were weaned. Their piglets were dosed with similar drugs from birth until 10 days of age. The first and seventh groups of sows and their litters were not medicated. Tests were carried out on pigs aged five to 11 weeks, on slaughter pigs, and on pigs which died or were killed at different ages, for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and colonic treponemes, which were readily detectable in the herd of origin. No evidence could be found of mycoplasma or bordetella. Colonic treponemes were recovered from some of the pigs at slaughter, but not from younger pigs. Thirty-seven boars and gilts from the medicated groups were introduced into 11 herds thought to be free of enzootic pneumonia and 13 were introduced into three herds which had enzootic pneumonia. No subsequent signs of enzootic pneumonia were noted in 10 of the enzootic pneumonia-free herds.
Vet Rec 1980 Feb 09
PMID:Medicated early weaning to obtain pigs free from pathogens endemic in the herd of origin. 744 26

The effectiveness of orally administered tylosin tartrate for the control of naturally occurring pneumonia was determined in 287 neonatal calves. Tylosin tartrate was mixed with reconstituted milk replacer at the time of feeding. Daily doses of 1.0 g (0.5 g BID), 2.0 g (1.0 g BID) and 4.0 g (2.0 g BID) were evaluated for periods ranging from seven to 28 days. Tylosin at the optimum dose of 2.0 g daily reduced mortality to 12 out of 95 (12.6 per cent) compared to 38 out of 89 (42.7 per cent) in the non-medicated control calves. The 1.0 g daily dose did not reduce mortality. The number of calves with moderate to severe lung lesions was also reduced by treatment at 2.0 g daily to 13 out of 95 (13.7 per cent) compared to 45 out of 89 (50.6 per cent) in the control group. All dose levels had a similar effect in reducing the severity of clinical signs indicative of respiratory disease. Tylosin treatment at all dose levels reduced the number of Pasteurella multocida isolations from lung tissue to 15/146 (10.3 per cent) compared to 61/141 (43.3 per cent) for the controls. However, there were no differences between treated and controls in the number of P haemolytica isolations. The frequency of mycoplasma isolations from lung tissue were reduced significantly by tylosin treatment at the 4.0 g and 2.0 g dose levels to 36/93 (38.7 per cent) compared to 61/86 (70.9 per cent) for the control calves.
Vet Rec 1980 Aug 16
PMID:Orally administered tylosin for the control of pneumonia in neonatal calves. 744 93

Fifteen incidents of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) were studied in herds distributed widely throughout northern Britain. Fattening beef animals (10 outbreaks), dairy cattle (four outbreaks) and suckler beef cows (one outbreak) were affected and all bar one incident occurred in housed cattle during the winter. The first signs of illness noticed were a reduced appetite, dullness, coughing and oculonasal discharge. In 13 of the incidents they were observed in cattle purchased from a market within the previous four weeks. In every outbreak, affected animals developed a serous nasal discharge which became purulent in severe cases. In the early stages the nasal mucosa was congested but later yellow-brown diphtheritic plaques developed. In such animals halitosis was always detected. Soft coughing was frequently heard but pneumonia was rarely confirmed ante mortem. Conjunctivitis and ocular discharge were a major finding in 13 incidents and, in severely affected cases, conjunctival oedema was seen. The drooling of saliva was noticed in 14 incidents but congestion of the oral mucous membranes was the only abnormality found on examination of the oral cavity. Diarrhoea was a consistent feature in one outbreak. As a result of contracting this disease beef cattle failed to put on weight for a period of one to eight weeks and the milk yield of lactating dairy cattle decreased markedly. The morbidity rate was high, being more than 90 per cent in 10 incidents. The mortality rate varied considerably but 7 to 8 per cent of the animals died, or were culled, in three outbreaks. The clinical signs were most severe on intensive units with a high turnover of cattle.
Vet Rec 1980 Nov 08
PMID:Clinical and epidemiological features of 15 incidents of severe infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. 745 95

In recent outbreaks of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Britain a proportion of the animals affected developed a severe clinical disease characterised, at necropsy, by widespread damage to the respiratory tract. They had necrotising rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis with extensive pseudomembrane formation and severe pneumonia with or without interstitial emphysema. Renal infarction was seen in approximatley half of the cases. The central nervous system was not affected in any of the 25 animals with severe IBR examined in this study. Tissues from the respiratory tract of 14 animals were examined for the presence of bovine herpesvirus 1 and the virus was isolated from the nasal passages of 11 and the lungs of four. Mycoplasma bovis was frequently isolated in large numbers from both the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Vet Rec 1980 Nov 08
PMID:The pathological features of severe cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. 745 96

Detailed pathological and virological examinations were carried out on 25 cetaceans found stranded between 1990 and 1993 on the coasts of six Italian regions (Latium, Tuscany, Apulia, Abruzzo, Veneto and Sicily). There were 16 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), three bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), three Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), one rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis), one fin whale pup (Balaenoptera physalus), and one minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). Apart from parasitic diseases (44 per cent), the most frequently detected lesions were pneumonia (68 per cent), enteritis (44 per cent), non-purulent hepatitis (40 per cent), interstitial nephritis (32 per cent) and encephalitis (32 per cent). Morbilivirus infection was diagnosed by immunocytochemistry in four striped dolphins, two stranded on the coasts of Latium in 1991 and two on the coasts of Tuscany in 1993. Despite the presence of lesions consistent with morbilliviral pneumonia in two other striped dolphins stranded on the coast of Apulia in 1991, no morbillivirus antigen was demonstrated in the tissues of these animals. Anticanine distemper virus antibodies were detected in the serum of the adult minke whale found stranded on the coast of Tuscany in 1993. However, no viruses were isolated from the tissues of any of the 25 cetaceans.
Vet Rec 1995 Apr 29
PMID:Post mortem investigations on cetaceans found stranded on the coasts of Italy between 1990 and 1993. 763 79

Thirty-eight young crocodiles that were emaciated and were euthanased or were found dead on 12 farms in Irian Jaya were examined post mortem. Major diseases were coccidiosis (nine crocodiles), pentastomiasis (four), visceral gout (two) and bacterial pneumonia and septicaemia (two). Other diseases and infections were steatitis, fungal pneumonia, gastric capillariasis, haemogregarine infection, ascariasis, filarioid infection and the presence of flukes in the intestine, kidney and blood. Multiple parasitism due to the collection of hatchlings in the wild was considered the primary cause of the ill-thrift and death of the crocodiles.
Vet Rec 1995 Feb 04
PMID:Diseases in young farmed crocodiles in Irian Jaya. 774 Jul 31

An outbreak of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) occurred on a large stud farm with 133 mares, 54 foals and four stallions, and at least 85 mares, 22 foals and three stallions were infected. Clinical disease was observed in 16 mares, two stallions and 13 foals and the predominant clinical signs were scrotal oedema, ataxia and loss of libido in the stallions, ataxia and recumbency in the mares and uveitis and nasal discharge in the foals, although pneumonia and colic with intussusception were also recorded at autopsy. Neurological disease was more common in the mares nursing foals (12 of 38 infected) than in barren mares (one of 46 infected). Three mares died during the outbreak and no mares that had been recumbent bred again. Control procedures were based on virological and serological testing and stringent management practices to limit the spread of infection between groups of mares and foals and away from the stud farm. There were marked antibody responses in the adult horses, but they were generally poor in the foals; three of the nine viraemic foals did not develop significant increases in the levels of circulating antibody. Recommendations are made for the management of future outbreaks.
Vet Rec 1995 Jan 07
PMID:Clinical, serological and virological characteristics of an outbreak of paresis and neonatal foal disease due to equine herpesvirus-1 on a stud farm. 790 Feb 64

An analysis is given of the share of particular diseases of the respiratory tract in patients admitted over one year (N = 1728) in the Children's Pulmonary Hospital, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Disorders are ranged according to their frequencies into the following groups: (1) bronchitis obstr. ac/bronchiolitis, bronchitis obstr. rec. 508 patients (29.1%), (2) pneumonia 468 (27.1%), (3) asthma 429 (24.8%), (4) infections of the upper respiratory tract 130 (7.5%), (5) pulmonary tuberculosis 103 (6.0%), and (6) other illnesses 95 (5.5%). Bronchitis obstr. ac/bronchiolitis of our patients usually develop in infancy and early childhood during the winter, as well as recidive bronchitis and pneumonia, but these diseases commonly occur ni pre- and school age children. At the same age, hospitalization of patients with asthma is more usual, predominantly in the spring and again with appearing of the autumn. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is characteristic disease in early childhood, and postprimary in adolescence.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of morbidity in children hospitalized at the Children's Pulmonary Hospital]. 802 32

A database of condemnation data from abattoirs was combined with a meteorological database to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia in pigs in Northern Ireland and prevailing weather conditions. Between 1969 and 1989 three significant trends were found in the occurrence of condemnations due to pleurisy and pneumonia, and significant correlation coefficients were found between the percentage condemnations and air temperature.
Vet Rec 1993 Jan 02
PMID:Prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia in pigs in Northern Ireland (1969-1989). 843 40

Three horses developed severe pulmonary infections while being treated with systemic corticosteroids for other diseases. Two of them had an immune-mediated skin disease, compatible with a diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus, and one had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Case 1 developed diffuse pneumonia from which Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were isolated, and it responded to antibiotic therapy. Case 2 developed septicaemia, pulmonary thrombosis and pneumonia associated with Escherichia coli, and died during a peracute illness with signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Case 3 developed focal pneumonia from which S zooepidemicus was isolated. This horse was destroyed at the owner's request and no treatment was attempted.
Vet Rec 1996 Mar 02
PMID:Bacterial pneumonia associated with corticosteroid therapy in three horses. 868 53


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