Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A control scheme for swine dysentery was initiated in Britain by the Pig Health Control Association in January 1978. To qualify, herds must not show clinical signs suggestive of swine dysentery or, if any suspicious signs arise, laboratory tests must be negative for Treponema hyodysenteriae. In addition, a range of pharmaceutical compounds that might mask the disease or its laboratory diagnosis may not be used routinely after weaning, either for treatment or as food additives. Qualifying herds can import pigs only from other qualifying herds or via hysterectomy/hysterotomy or embryo transfer methods; artificial insemination is also permitted. During the first six years, 91 herds qualified at some stage, and at the end of 1983, 56 herds (average size 200 sows) were still listed. By this date, 72 herds had imported stock from 36 other qualifying herds; despite this degree of inter-herd connection, no evidence of swine dysentery has occurred within the scheme since its inception, nor has this disease appeared in herds established entirely from listed herds. It seems, therefore, that freedom from swine dysentery (unlike enzootic pneumonia) can be readily maintained in a controlled group of pig herds identified by these monitoring methods.
Vet Rec 1984 Sep 08
PMID:Monitoring for swine dysentery: six years' experience with a control scheme. 649 68

Since 1959, the Pig Health Control Association (PHCA) has run a national health-control scheme for pig herds believed to be free from enzootic pneumonia. During this time, many herds developed this disease without a simple explanation. From 1968, 55 such unexplained breakdowns have been studied in detail. The first signs in 50 breakdowns were either coughing in growing pigs (52 per cent of outbreaks), illness in adult stock (34 per cent of outbreaks) or pneumonia in routinely slaughtered pigs (14 per cent of outbreaks). In some outbreaks, enzootic pneumonia appeared to grow out of a pre-existing respiratory infection, which was not identified as enzootic pneumonia, in suckling pigs, suggesting that either Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was already present in a latent state, or it more readily seeded damaged respiratory tracts from outside. In three outbreaks of this type, where pathological material was collected during the transition period, no laboratory evidence was obtained for the presence of M hyopneumoniae in the primary respiratory disease. Analysis of breakdowns in two national testing stations indicated that clinical/pathological signs might not develop until three to five months after the introduction of an infected group of weaners. It is possible, therefore, that a pig herd might not show obvious signs of the disease until up to six months or more after initial infection. There was little evidence to indicate that unexplained breakdowns arose from long term latent infection in other herds from which stock had been imported. There was considerable evidence, however, to suggest that breakdowns arose from extraneous sources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1984 Sep 29
PMID:Apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: early signs and incubation period. 649 92

An epidemiological study of atrophic rhinitis was carried out in four pig herds. Observations were made of (i) infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida, (ii) the presence of brachygnathia superior (BS score), (iii) the extent (grade) of turbinate atrophy and pneumonia at slaughter and (iv) growth rates from two to 16 weeks of age and average daily weight gains to slaughter. In two of the herds with no history of atrophic rhinitis, B bronchiseptica and non-toxigenic strains of P multocida were isolated; only one of 47 pigs (2 per cent) had a BS score greater than +10 mm and the most severe turbinate atrophy observed in 21 pigs at slaughter was grade 3. In contrast, from two herds with atrophic rhinitis, toxigenic strains of P multocida were isolated as well as B bronchiseptica and non-toxigenic P multocida. BS scores of greater than +10 mm were present in six of 47 pigs (13 per cent) of which five were infected with toxigenic P multocida and had severe turbinate atrophy of grade 4 or 5. There was no significant reduction in growth rates in the affected compared with the unaffected herds nor in the affected compared with the unaffected pigs in the same herd. Neither was there a correlation between progressive disease and the extent of pneumonia found at slaughter. It was concluded that in field cases of the disease, high BS scores plus severe turbinate atrophy were associated with infection by toxigenic type-D strains of P multocida.
Vet Rec 1984 Dec 15
PMID:Epidemiological study of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica in atrophic rhinitis. 652

Direct staining of nasopharyngeal smears with hyperimmune bovine serum raised against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and conjugated with fluorescein isothyocyanate was compared with virus isolation from 14 experimentally infected animals. Twenty-four out of 107 specimens examined were positive by the fluorescent antibody (FA) method and 21 out of 107 by virus isolation. Most of the FA positives (81 per cent) were detected after the ninth day of infection whereas 80 per cent of virus isolations were made before this time. Only one false positive (one out of 57 specimens) was detected by the FA method in nine uninfected control animals. Non-specific fluorescence presented some problems when examining nasopharyngeal material. The same conjugate was found to be more useful in detecting RSV antigen in lung tissue of eight experimentally infected animals and 11 out of 22 naturally occurring cases of calf pneumonia from five outbreaks of disease. In three of the outbreaks the diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation and serology. The dominating histopathological response in both the experimental and the natural disease was an acute bronchiolitis and alveolitis. The finding of RSV antigen in association with these lesions provides further evidence for the role of RSV as a respiratory pathogen of cattle.
Vet Rec 1981 May 16
PMID:Diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the bovine respiratory tract by immunofluorescence. 702 94

Fourteen outbreaks of pneumonia in sheep following dipping in carbolic dips were investigated at seven laboratories. Deaths commonly occurred between one and three days after dipping and fat young sheep of the Suffolk and Border Leicester breeds were most usually involved in outbreaks. The pneumonia was characterised by hyperaemic, oedematous and cyanotic lungs, and the main histological features were hyperaemia, fluid and cellular exudation into alveolar spaces, and widespread epithelialisation of alveolar walls. The microscopic changes differed from pneumonic pasteurellosis and no significant organisms were recovered from any of the lungs. One of 27 Dorset Horn lambs dipped in a batch of dip which had been incriminated in some episodes developed an epithelialising interstitial pneumonia, while two out of three Suffolk lambs dipped in twice the recommended strength of the same batch of dip became ill with severe pneumonia, apparently following skin absorption.
Vet Rec 1982 Jan 09
PMID:Pneumonia in sheep associated with dipping in carbolic dips. 707 12

The growth rate, feed consumption and carcase composition of nine untreated wether lambs (controls) were compared with those of lambs in which a chronic pneumonia had been experimentally induced. Six pneumonic lambs (group 1) were killed with the controls on day 109 and eight (group 2) lambs were killed when they had a similar mean liveweight to the controls (42 kg) on day 172. The mean liveweight gain of infected animals to day 108 was 59 per cent, the mean feed intake 69 per cent and the mean carcase weight of group 1 was 73.5 per cent that of the controls. Group 2 lambs required 25 per cent more feed and nine weeks longer than the controls to reach similar live and carcase weights. This depression of appetite and growth rate was most marked in the first 35 days after inoculation, but growth rates of infected lambs continued to be lower than those of the controls throughout the experiment. At slaughter, all infected lambs had consolidated lesions of pneumonia and a significant correlation was noted between the extent of lung lesions and total liveweight gain in individual lambs. Carcases of group 1 lambs had a proportionately low fat, high lean meat and bone content, indicative of immature development and consistent with a lowered feed intake. Carcases of group 2 lambs showed a similar trend but differences from the controls were not significant.
Vet Rec 1982 Feb 20
PMID:Effects of experimental chronic pneumonia on bodyweight, feed intake and carcase composition of lambs. 707 13

During pregnancy seven minimum-disease sows (group A) were infected intranasally with Bordetella bronchiseptica, fed with the killed bacterium periodically and inoculated parenterally with a dead vaccine eight, six and two weeks before parturition. Groups B and C, isolated from A until farrowing, contained respectively six sows given the vaccine parenterally and eight control sows. At parturition, group A had much higher average agglutinin titres in the serum and colostrum than B or C. Group A sows gave their piglets a better passive protection against infection with B bronchiseptica strain 293 and its effects in the respiratory tract during the first eight weeks of life, especially in those exposed to spontaneous infection with bordetellae from a littermate deliberately inoculated intranasally 24 hours after birth. Passive antibody strongly affected the capacity of piglets to respond actively to parenteral vaccination (when seven and 28 days old), marked humoral responses being noted only in those from group C sows. Vaccination of piglets exposed to infection by contact reduced neither the prevalence or intensity of the nasal infection, the amount of turbinate atrophy or pneumonia nor significantly improved weight gain compared with unvaccinated littermates. Unlike their eight-week-old littermates there was little hypoplasia and no pneumonia in infected pigs (whether vaccinated or not) when they reached five months of age.
Vet Rec 1982 May 22
PMID:Immunisation of pigs against experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica. 711 61

An acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. The clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. Some of the calves died. The pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. Interstitial emphysema was also present. Fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; in nine calves the rise was fourfold or greater. Respiratory syncytial virus was not isolated from the calves. There was no evidence of parainfluenza type 3 virus involvement. The adult cows being sucked by the calves remained clinically normal throughout the incident. Six calves examined six weeks after the outbreak started had a chronic cuffing pneumonia characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis; some of the calves also had bronchiolitis obliterans. Mycoplasma dispar was found in two of them.
Vet Rec 1981 May 09
PMID:Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 725 27

A three year survey on sheep deaths and their causes was conducted on 10 commercial farms in the north of Scotland. Diseases and other trauma associated with the perinatal period accounted for 56.81% of all ewe deaths, while pneumonia, parasitic gastroenteritis, torsion of the bowel and haemorrhagic enteritis (redgut) accounted for a further 21.7%. No one disease condition predominated in the rams and hoggs. In lambs, most deaths occurred between birth and four days old (77.86%). Causes came in the form of starvation and exposure (34.2%), stillbirths (18.2%), lambing injuries (11.06%), infectious conditions (8.0%), dystocia (7.6%) and abortion (5.2%). The overall death rate among the lambs was 14.2%.
Vet Rec 1980 Mar 15
PMID:A survey of sheep losses and their causes on commercial farms in the north of Scotland. 736 90

Tiamulin was found to be effective in the treatment of experimental swine dysentery when included in the drinking water at 22.5, 45 and 60 ppm for three and five days. Only medication of the drinking water with 60 ppm for three and five days resulted in complete prevention of relapse and the elimination of T hyodysenteriae. When tiamulin was given in the feed for 47 days at 25, 30, 35 and 40 g per ton it prevented the development of the clinical signs or post mortem lesions of experimental swine dysentery. The results obtained suggested that it may not have completely prevented the establishment of T hyodysenteriae in the intestines of some of the pigs. The possibility that tiamulin had some effect on the lesions of enzootic pneumonia when given in the drinking water at 60 ppm and in the feed at 40 g per ton is discussed.
Vet Rec 1980 Jun 21
PMID:Tiamulin in the treatment and prophylaxis of experimental swine dysentery. 743 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>